1、Designation: F2376 08F2376 13Standard Practice forClassification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, andOperation of Water Slide Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manufacture, construction, and operation
3、 of water slide systems. Waterslide systems shall be defined as rides intended for use by riders in bathing attire where the action of the ride involves possibleand purposeful immersion of the riders body either in whole or in part in water, and uses circulating water to mobilize or lubricatethe rid
4、ers transportation along a purpose built path. This includes slides used with or without vehicles as defined below. The termswater slides, waterslides, and slides shall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.1.2 For the purposes of this practice, a water slide system includes:1.2.1 The
5、flume,1.2.2 The water-circulation system,1.2.3 The starting platform with associated means of access and egress,1.2.4 The structural supports,1.2.5 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part of the water slide as defined by the manufacturer, and1.2.6 Means of slide termination.1.3 This prac
6、tice shall not apply to:1.3.1 Any water slides installed in private residences,1.3.2 Water flume amusement rides where contact with water is merely incidental (for example, log flume rides, shoot-the-chutes),1.3.3 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteria are specifically addressed in anothe
7、r ASTM standard,1.3.4 Lazy river type attractions operating at constant elevation, constructed in the ground, and1.4 Pre-existing designs manufactured after the effective date of publication of this practice if the design is service proven orpreviously compliant, as defined in Section 3.1.26 of Prac
8、tice F2291, and the manufacturer provides:1.4.1 A historical summary of the water slide, or major modification as defined in Terminology F747, and1.4.2 Astatement that the design is service proven or previously compliant. Water slides and major modifications to water slidesmay qualify as previously
9、compliant for five years following the date of publication of this practice. Thereafter, water slides andmajor modifications to water slides must qualify as service proven or meet the requirements of this practice.1.4.3 Service proven or previously compliant designs shall comply with Section 8.1.5 T
10、he values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.1.6 This practi
11、ce includes an Appendix, which provides additional information to enhance the users understanding of andapplication of the criteria presented in this practice, for example, rationale, background, drawings, interpretation, or commentary.The information in the Appendix shall not be considered a mandat
12、ory part of this practice.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prio
13、r to use.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved March 1, 2008June 1, 2013. Published April 2008May 2014. Originally app
14、roved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 asF2376 07.F2376 08. DOI: 10.1520/F2376-08.10.1520/F2376-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may
15、 not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and E
17、lectrical Insulating MaterialsF698 Specification for Physical Information to be Provided for Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2009)3F747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and DevicesF770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF846 Gui
18、de for Testing Performance of Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for Amusement Rides and DevicesF893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Construction of Amusement Rides and Dev
19、icesF1305 Guide for Classification of Amusement Ride and Device Related Injuries and Illnesses (Withdrawn 2011)3F2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and Devices2.2 ACI Standard:4ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete2.3 ASCE Standard:5ANSI/ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for
20、Buildings and Other Structures2.4 USDA Document:6USDA-72 The Wood Handbook3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 landing poolpool intended to receive riders from a water slide.3.1.2 landing zonearea in a landing pool intended for receiving riders from a particular sli
21、de.3.1.3 lifeguardindividual specially trained in lifesaving and emergency procedures, responsible for monitoring patrons andresponding to aquatic and other emergencies.3.1.4 owner/operatorperson or organization that is responsible for the maintenance and operation of a water slide system.4. Slide C
22、lassification4.1 Water slides are classified by their physical and intended use characteristics. The classification may be a combination of thespecific rider vehicle used the type of geometric path, often serpentine or straight, and the designation as a speed slide if the ridersvelocity exceeds 25 f
23、t/s. The following are definitions of the types of water slides.4.1.1 body slideswater slide used without a vehicle.4.1.2 childrens slidesWater slides generally intended only for use by persons under the height of 48 in. Water slide has amaximum fall distance of 3 in. from slide exit where the rider
24、 enters the water and water depth is no greater than 24 in.4.1.3 mat slideswater slide used with a designated mat as a vehicle.4.1.4 serpentine slidecurved path as viewed in geometric slide path.4.1.5 specialty slidesproprietary water slide design, such as an uphill, half-pipe, or bowl ride, which d
25、oes not conform tostandard classification.4.1.6 specialty vehicle slideswater slide used with a proprietary vehicle specified by the manufacturer.4.1.7 speed slidewater slide where the rider(s) achieve a velocity of 25 ft/s or more during the course of the ride.4.1.8 tube slideswater slide used with
26、 a single or multi-person water slide tube.5. Materials5.1 Flume MaterialAny material that has the following basic properties and that meets all other requirements of this practicemay be used to construct water slides.5.1.1 Flumes riding surfaces shall be constructed to be smooth.5.1.2 Flume materia
27、l shall be demonstrated as strong enough to support specified loads as defined in Section 8.5.1.3 Flume components, maintained using the manufacturers instructions, shall not deteriorate over time in such a way thata hazard will develop.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm
28、.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American Concrete Ins
29、titute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.5 Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.6 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 2040
30、1.F2376 1325.2 Support MaterialsAny material that has the following basic properties and that meets all other requirements of thispractice may be used to construct water slide supports.5.2.1 Supports for water slides shall be constructed from durable materials such as wood, metal, concrete, or engin
31、eeredcomposites.5.2.2 Supports for water slides fabricated from metal shall be either inherently corrosion resistant, or be finished in such a wayas to provide protection from corrosion.5.2.3 Wood materials shall be finished in such a way to provide protection against deterioration.5.2.4 Support mat
32、erial shall be demonstrated as strong enough to support specified loads as defined in Section 7.5.2.5 Supports shall be constructed to accommodate regular inspection and maintenance for structural integrity, materialdeterioration, or corrosion, or a combination thereof.6. Notification Requirement6.1
33、 A water slide system shown to comply with this practice shall meet all applicable requirements specified in this practice.Anyone representing compliance with this practice shall keep such essential records as are necessary to document any claim thatthe requirements within this specification have be
34、en met.6.2 The owner/operator of a water slide shall notify the appropriate manufacturer(s) of any known incident as specified inGuides F1305 and F893.6.3 The manufacturer shall notify the appropriate owner(s)/operator(s) of similar water slides of an incident that resulted in aserious injury prompt
35、ly upon the determination by the manufacturer that the incident is significantly repeatable.6.3.1 Such manufacturer notification shall be a bulletin as specified in Sections 4.1.14.3 through 4.1.14.8 of Practice F853.7. Structural Design of Water Slides7.1 This section defines the loading and streng
36、th criteria that shall be used in the structural engineering of water slide flumesand supporting structures. The strength and stability of the water slide system shall be demonstrated by generally acceptedengineering methods certified by a professional engineer.7.2 Dead Loads (symbol DL)Forces resul
37、ting from weight of all components of the ride and includes all loads that do notfluctuate with respect to time.7.3 Operational LoadsForces from water, riders, or vehicles, or a combination thereof, in the ride under normal operations.7.3.1 Water Load (symbol WL)In free flowing water slides where wa
38、ter does not collect in pools or streams greater than 2 in.deep, the water load shall be a minimum of 15 lbs/linear ft for every 1000 gal/min of flow. Where the flow is such that watercollects in pools or streams greater than 2 in. deep, the actual maximum water load shall be determined and used in
39、calculation,design, or load tests, or a combination thereof.7.3.2 Rider Load (symbol RL)The manufacturer shall specify the rider vehicle and the maximum number of riders that areto ride in the flume at one time.7.3.2.1 For water slides intended for multiple rider use, the weight assigned to each rid
40、er shall be, at a minimum, the weightspecified for an adult rider in Section 8.6.1 of Practice F2291.7.3.2.2 For single rider water slides, the rider weight shall be a maximum of 300 lb.7.3.2.3 For water slides intended for use by children only, the weight assigned to a child shall be as specified i
41、n Section 8.6.2of Practice F2291.7.3.2.4 Ride loads shall be so arranged to cause the greatest realistic operational load to the system.7.3.2.5 Lateral centripetal forces shall be considered in curved sections of flume. Predicted rider speeds should be used tocalculate these forces. If speeds cannot
42、 be predicted, then a minimum of 15 ft/s for flumes under 15 % slope and 30 ft/s for allother flumes shall be used.7.3.2.6 If the manufacturer places maximum rider total weight limits on a slide, then that restricted load may be used.7.3.2.7 The weight of the rider vehicle shall be included in deter
43、mining rider load.7.4 Environmental LoadsForces from environmental conditions of the site such as wind, precipitation, earthquake, andchanges in temperature.7.4.1 Loads and forces due to environmental conditions shall be in accordance with applicable local code requirements orANSI/ASCE 7, or other e
44、quivalent national standard.7.4.2 The manufacturer/designer shall clearly indicate the environmental loads the water slide was designed for in the operatingand maintenance instructions as specified in the sections on Manufacturers Responsibility of Practices F770 and F853. In additionto the environm
45、ental load information, any restriction, limitations, or special procedures associated with water slides exposed tothese environmental loads shall be included.7.4.3 Lateral Wind Load (symbol LWL)For outdoor slides, the minimum wind load for all types of water slides shall becalculated based on 100-m
46、ph wind (3-s gust) for non-operational conditions. Lateral wind load may be reduced by an importancefactor of less than 1.0, where appropriate, for water slide structures that are unoccupied during extreme weather.F2376 1337.4.4 Reduced Lateral Wind Load (symbol RLWL)For outdoor slides, the minimum
47、wind load for all types of water slides shallbe calculated based on Section 8.13.1 of Practice F2291 for operational conditions.7.4.5 Other Lateral Loads (symbol OLL)A minimum lateral load equivalent to 10 % of the dead weight of the structure shallbe included.7.4.6 Snow Load (symbol SL)The snow loa
48、d for all types of water slides shall be calculated in accordance with the relevantlocal ground snow load(s).7.5 OverloadForces from water, riders, or vehicles, or a combination thereof, under extraordinary operational conditions dueto user overload.7.5.1 Calculations for extraordinary operational c
49、onditions that consider user overload shall be based on conditions specifiedby the manufacturer and need not consider any other live load in combination with such overload.7.6 Load CombinationsEngineering calculations may use either allowable stress methods (ASD) or load and resistance factormethods (LRFD). Engineering calculations shall consider load conditions and combinations of loads in accordance with generallyaccepted engineering methods. Calculations shall consider that water slide systems may not be occupied during extremes ofweather.7.
