1、Designation: F 2494 05Standard Test Method forDetermining Energy Consumption of Copiers and SimilarOffice Imaging Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This procedure provides a test method by which electro-photographic copiers and similar office imaging e
3、quipmentmay be rated for energy consumption.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
4、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 International Standards:ISO/IEC 11159 Minimum Information to be Included inSpecification SheetsCopying Machines2ISO 554 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and/orTesting Specifications22.2 Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) web-site:htt
5、p:/www.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eep_standby_power.cfm#sleep3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 optional devicesany device added to improve thefunctionality of the base unit. They include an automaticdocument feeder (ADF), sorter, finisher and expansionmemo
6、ry.3.1.2 copier speed, first copy (X)one of the convenientlevels for which the machines speed is measured. This iscalculated based on the amount of time, a1(sec), counted in anormal operating mode from the beginning of pressing theprint button of the machine to the end of ejecting the first copy,X =
7、 60/a1(cpm). For copiers with ADF, the amount of time, a1shall be used, counted from pressing the print button afterplacing an original or originals on the ADF to the end ofejecting the first copy.3.1.3 copier speed, multi copy (Y)one of the convenientlevels for which the machines speed is measured.
8、 This iscalculated based on the amount of time, a2(sec), counted in anormal operating mode from the end of ejecting the first copyafter pressing the print button of the machine to the end ofejecting the remaining copies (b), Y =(b) 3 60/a2(cpm).Normally, the value declared in the machines specificat
9、ionsshall be used.3.1.4 ready modethe condition that exists when the ma-chine is ready for copying, but has not yet started copying, andhas not entered an energy-saver mode, either.3.1.5 copying cyclethe condition that exists from thebeginning to the end of a nominal job cycle (1 h) to produce acopy
10、 or copies. According to the machines multi copy speed(Y) declared in the specifications, the following are listed in JobTables: nominal monthly volumes assumed, nominal volumesper day and combinations of the number of jobs as18 day (1 h)nominal jobs, the number of originals per job and the numberof
11、 copies per original.3.1.6 copying energythe amount of energy needed inexcess of ready mode energy during a copying cycle.3.1.7 copying timethe amount of time that the nominaljobs are run when testing copying energy during a copyingcycle.3.1.8 warm-up energythe amount of energy needed inexcess of re
12、ady mode energy when the machine is in awarm-up mode after the machine is turned on in an auto-offmode on a standard work day.3.1.9 energy-saver modethe condition that exists whenthe machine is not making copies and is consuming less powerthan when the machine is in a ready mode. The machine goesint
13、o this mode after it completes a copying job and no job isscheduled in a specified time period. Since the InternationalEnergy Star Program has been used widely in the world, thishas caused copiers to have this mode. This standard particu-larly designates this condition as an energy-saver mode inoper
14、ating hours (9 h) of a standard work day.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe International Energy Star Programstipulates that the machine shall be set to enter an energy-savermode 15 minutes or less after the end of a copying job.However, considering the fact that shorter passing time hasbeen set than before beca
15、use recovery time tends to be reduced,1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005.2Available from Ameri
16、can National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.this test method stipulates that the machine shall stay in a readymode for 10 minutes after the end
17、 of a copying job up until itstarts passing to the energy-saver mode if no job is scheduled.The recovery time from the energy-saver mode to the readymode shall be set to 30 seconds or less. Energy-saver modedesign to fulfill this recovery time is left to the manufacturersdiscretion. This test method
18、 provides energy calculations onthe assumption that the passing time is 10 minutes. If setting ofthe time shorter than 10 minutes is accepted by users in thefuture, the procedure of this test method will be reviewed.3.1.10 auto-off modethe condition with less energy con-sumption than the energy-save
19、r mode in 3.1.9. The machineenters the energy-saver mode 10 minutes after the end of acopying job if no job is scheduled in the ready mode. Later, themachine enters an auto-off mode, if no additional job isscheduled in a specified time period. Normally, this auto-offmode stays for a whole day of Sat
20、urday and Sunday weekendsother than standard work days. As for standard work days, themachine stays in this mode at night as a night stand-bycondition. It is calculated by subtracting the 9 hours ofoperation from the 24 hours in a day. The machine comes outof this mode when the user manipulates the
21、machine for a jobor switches it on.3.1.11 energy-saver recovery timethe amount of time thatthe machine takes to enter the ready mode after it comes out ofthe energy-saver mode in the 9-h operating condition of astandard work day.3.1.12 energy-saver mode timethe amount of time that themachine is in a
22、n energy-saver mode in the 9-h operatingcondition of a standard work day.3.1.13 lunch breakone hour assigned to a lunch break thatexists between 4-h morning and 4-h afternoon in the 9-hoperating condition of a standard work day. The machine staysin an energy-saver mode during this time period.3.1.14
23、 jobmaking a copy or copies from one or moreoriginals without interruption or delay between originals.3.1.15 machine energythe energy obtained by subtractingenergy consumed for copying (3.1.6) from total energy con-sumed in a standard month where the machine is plugged-in 24h/day including the 9-h o
24、perating condition.3.1.16 nominal copies per daythe number of nominalcopies produced on a single machine during a nominal standardwork day.3.1.17 nominal monthly copying volumemonthly copyingvolume nominally determined according to the copying speedband category.3.1.18 plug-in modethe condition that
25、 exists when themachine is connected to an appropriate electrical source and isnot turned on. (This mode is also referred to as hard-off mode,manual-off mode or plug-in-off mode.) This corresponds to theone specified on the FEMP website.3.1.19 recovery energythe amount of energy needed inexcess of e
26、nergy-saver mode energy to pass from the energy-saver mode to the ready mode.3.1.20 standard copya sheet imaged on one side thatmeasures 210 by 297 mm (A4) or 812 by 11 in. (letter size).3.1.21 standard monththirty 24-h days.3.1.22 standard work daya day having an operatingcondition (9-h) including
27、a 1-h lunch break. A standard month(30 days) has 22 days.3.1.23 warm-up modethe condition that exists when themachine is turned on from a plug-in mode or auto-off mode andprior to reaching the ready mode.3.1.24 operating conditionnine hours starting from thedays first warm-up mode on condition that
28、recovery from theplug-in mode or auto-off mode occurs each of 22 standardwork days. This consists of1hofalunch break and 8 hours ofdays typical job cycles.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The standard energy consumption rating is determined(using a watt-hour meter) for a copier while the machine is ina
29、simulated customer installation performing one eighth (1 h)of a typical days copying jobs. The typical days jobs (thenumber of jobs, originals, and copies per original) are based onthe standard monthly copying volume assumed according to itscopy speed. In this test method, there is no difference ina
30、ssumed nominal monthly copying volumes between mono-chrome copiers and color ones. In other words, since a colorcopier naturally has two copying speeds (speeds in color andmonochrome modes), this test method gives the color copierthe nominal standard monthly copying volume of a mono-chrome copier of
31、 which speed equals the color copiersmaximum speed (normally, in monochrome mode).4.1.1 However, since the job conditions depend on whetheror not a copier has a color mode, separate Job Tables have beenprovided for color copiers and monochrome copiers.4.1.2 Moreover, note should be taken that two ty
32、pes of JobTables have been provided for color copiers according to thestructure (1 drum: serial type, and 4 drum: parallel type).(Refer to the Job Tables in Annex A1.)4.2 The energy consumption may be calculated based on thefollowing assumptions, that the copier will typically:4.2.1 Be connected to
33、a live power line for thirty 24 h days(720 h) per month.4.2.2 Be in the operating condition each of 22 work days permonth and be in an operating condition for an average of 9 heach of the 22 days. The operating condition of 9 h includes alunch break of 1 h.4.2.3 As a result of 4.2.2 and 3.1.23, come
34、 out of theauto-off mode to enter the warm-up mode each of 22 workdays, since the copier normally has the auto-off mode wherethe machine automatically enters after a period of time ofnon-use or no job scheduled.4.2.4 As a result of Discussion in 3.1.9.1, do not enter theenergy-saver mode during a co
35、py cycle, if the number ofnominal jobs per hour (18 of a days job cycle) is 6 or more inthe Job Table and this leads to job interval of 10 minutes orless; and as a result of 3.1.13, be in the energy-saver modeduring the 1-h lunch break each of 22 work days. To facilitatethe tests, the upper limit of
36、 the number of jobs shall be 6.4.2.4.1 DiscussionIn actual use, the higher the monthlycopying volume is, the larger the number of jobs is. Besides, itis less likely for the machine to go into the energy-saver mode.Considering these, the numbers of jobs are provided accordingF2494052to the nominal mo
37、nthly volume in the Job Table and themachine behavior as follows:(1) The nominal monthly copying volume of 23 000 or lessleads to the number of nominal jobs of 5 or less (18 day) andthe machine enters the energy-saver mode during the copyingcycle; and(2) The nominal monthly copying volume of 28 000
38、ormore leads to the number of nominal jobs of 6 (18 day) and themachine does not enter the energy-saver mode during thecopying cycle.4.2.5 Perform a typical days copying jobs each of the 22work days each month.4.3 The rating of energy consumption per hour in a typicalmonth (kWh/h) is determined usin
39、g calculations based on thetest data.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring theenergy consumption of the product and optional devices invarious operating modes. It is intended to permit rating theenergy requirements of products by a method that will permitaccu
40、rate energy efficiency comparisons of each product withall other similar products.6. Apparatus and Supplies6.1 Watt-Hour Meter, shall be calibrated properly and havea crest factor of 3 or more.6.2 Timer, a timing device accurate to 1 s.6.3 Test Target, 210 by 297 mm (A4) or 812 by 11 in. (letter)wit
41、h 4 to 8 % coverage.6.4 Paper, 210 by 297 mm (A4), 60 to 80 g/m2,812 by 11in. (letter), 20-lb bond or where not applicable, use machinemanufacturers recommended paper size and weight, depend-ing on the machine sales area.7. Sampling7.1 The energy rating should be that for a device represen-tative of
42、 the commercially available equipment. Any modifi-cation of the product or additional configurations that signifi-cantly alter energy consumption will require re-ratings oradditional ratings.7.2 Those copiers configured with automatic duplex optionshould be rated twice for each job, once at 100 % si
43、ngle-sidedcopy and once at 100 % of two-sided copies (making two-sidedcopies from single-sided originals, each side counted as onecopy).7.3 The copier(s) to be evaluated should be set to within themanufacturers operating specifications.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Test Conditions:8.1.1 The room am
44、bient shall be within a range of 23 63C; 50 6 10 % relative humidity in compliance with ISO 554.8.1.2 The working voltage shall be machine-rated voltage 62 %. Stabilized power supply shall be used.8.1.3 The machine shall be at least 500 mm from any wallor obstacle.8.1.4 All supplies used shall be th
45、ose specified by the copiermanufacturer and preconditioned for a minimum of 12 h in theroom ambient environment (see 8.1.1) prior to evaluating thecopier energy rating.8.1.5 The power supply voltage shall be supplied as a truesine wave with no more than 3 % harmonic distortion.8.1.6 The power freque
46、ncy must be rated frequency 6 0.1Hz.8.1.7 The manufacturer will define the configuration (in-cluding optional devices) of the machine to be tested, thenominal monthly copying volume at which it will be rated (seeJob Tables), and both the first copy speed and multi copyspeed.8.1.8 The test should be
47、discontinued if an unusually highnumber of machine problems occur. Excess machine stoppagesmay distort the overall energy rating. A reasonable number ofpaper jams that can be readily cleared by the operator shouldnot be considered reason to discontinue the test.9. Procedure9.1 Steps 9.1.1-9.1.10 of
48、this procedure should be com-pleted once for each test machine. The data from 9.1.5 willonly apply to one configuration and, if the machine hasconfiguration variations, the rating must be repeated for eachconfiguration for which the machine is being rated. Prior to thestart of this test, the machine
49、 should be plugged in to a livepower line but turned off and stabilized at specified roomambient conditions (indoors) for at least 12 h. An appropriatewatt-hour meter should be in line with the machine, ready togive an accurate indication of machine energy. This test shouldbe run at the machine setting that, in the opinion of theevaluator, is the one yielding an appropriate copy.9.1.1 Copying TimeChoose the appropriate formula fromJob Tables (see Annex A1) that matches the monthly volumefor which the machine is being rated, according to t
