1、Designation: F2872 11Standard Specification for225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck StandardReference Test Tire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2872; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe 225/75R16C 116/114S radial light truck (or European li
3、ghtduty vehicle) standard reference test tire. The tire covered bythis specification is primarily for use as a reference tire forbraking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evalu-ations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such aspavement roughness, noise, or other tests that requi
4、re areference tire.1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used forthese purposes and are referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification provides a 16.0 rim diameter codestandard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, andspecifies the conditions of storage.1.3 The values state
5、d in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
6、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensio
7、nD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Ref-erenc
8、e Test TireF538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of TiresF2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial StandardReference Test TireF2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L RadialTruck Standard Reference Test TireF2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M RadialTruck
9、Standard Reference Test Tire3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology F538.3.1.2 pavement characteristic, nphysical feature or prop-erty of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture,and skid resistance. E8673.1.3 pitch, nun
10、it of tread pattern elements used in vari-ous combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F5383.1.4 standard reference test tire, SRTT, ntire that is usedas a control tire or surface-monitoring tire (for example,Specifications E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, and F2872 tires).F5384. Design and Construct
11、ion4.1 The 225/75R16C 116/114S standard reference test tireshall feature the steel-belted radial technology, see Fig. 1 andFig. 2, with technology as described in Sections 5-7.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
12、 F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2872-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
13、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the EuropeanTyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) dimensionsand tolerances for cros
14、s section and overall diameter found inthe current ETRTO Standards Manual.34.3 The tire used for this specification is produced byManufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin.4The tire isstamped on the sidewall with the words: “Standard ReferenceTest Tire” and “F2872”.5. Materials and Manufacture
15、5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall con-form to the manufacturers design standards.5.2 Tread compound, fabric processing, and all the steps intire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimumvariability between tires.5.3 The standard reference test tire shall be as original
16、lymolded without any tread grinding or repairs.5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are propri-etary, they shall be controlled by means of their physicalproperties given in Table 1.5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations aregiven in Section 7.5.6 The tire shall be of the followi
17、ng construction:5.6.1 Two-ply sidewall construction (polyester).5.6.2 A five-ply tread construction (two-ply polyester andthree steel belts).5.6.3 Black sidewall.6. Physical Properties6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are listedin Table 1.7. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Varia
18、tions7.1 Details of dimensions are listed as follows and areshown in Fig. 3. When tolerances are not specified, tiredimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances.7.2 Inflated Dimensions and Cured Cord Angles (at 475 kPa(69 psi):7.2.1 The tread width shall be 175.6 mm (6.91 in.), and thec
19、ross-sectional tread radius shall be 700 6 50.8 mm (27.56 62.0 in.).7.2.2 The tread radius is measured using a reference radiustemplate as shown in Fig. 4.7.2.3 The tire shall have an overall section width of 223 mm(8.78 in.), and an outside diameter of 750.9 mm (29.56 in.)when mounted on a measurin
20、g rim (16 by 6.00 rim).7.2.4 The cured cord angles shall be 90 6 2 for the carcassand 22 6 2 for the 3 belts.7.3 RibsThe tire shall have four ribs.7.4 GroovesThe tire shall have three circumferentialgrooves having a minimum tread depth of 8.6 mm (0.339 in.).7.5 Tread Design:7.5.1 Groove (Void) Area
21、Fraction30 % in surface, 22.5% in volume.7.5.2 Number of Pitches72.7.5.3 Footprint Size168.1 mm wide by 188.4 mm long(6.62 by 7.42 in.) at 1250 kg (2756 lb) at 475 kPa (69 psi).7.6 Tread Wear IndicatorsThe tire shall have indicators ineach groove, laterally across the tread width, in at least sixloc
22、ations spaced uniformly around the tire circumference. Theheight of the wear indicators in the grooves shall be 1.6 mm(0.0625 in.), 0.00 mm, + 0.60 mm.NOTE 1Tread depth is not to be measured at these wear indicators.8. Workmanship8.1 Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship andmaterial.3Availab
23、le from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation 32/2,avenue Brugmann B-1060 Brussels Belgium.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin CERL Ladoux, 23 place desCarmes Dechaux, 6304 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex
24、 09, France (attn. F43 Magasin specify 225/75R16C 116/114S Michelin light truck SRTT). If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1whi
25、ch you may attend.FIG. 1 Front View of the 225/75R16C 116/114S Radial Light TruckStandard Reference Test TireFIG. 2 Side View of the 225/75R16C 116/114S Radial Light TruckStandard Reference Test TireTABLE 1 Physical Properties of Tread CompoundTensile sheet cure, min at 160C (320F) 15.0 minStress at
26、 300 % elongation, Mpa (psi) 11.0 6 1.0 MPa (1595 6 145 psi)Tensile strength, min MPa (psi) 15.5 MPa (2250 psi) minElongation, min % 450 % minDurometer hardnessA65 6 2 Type AAMeasured on tire tread.F2872 112FIG. 3 Tire Cross Section 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light TruckFIG. 4 Measuring a Tread
27、Radius using a Reference Radius TemplateF2872 1139. Test Methods9.1 Preparation of tensile sheet cure shall be in accordancewith Practice D3182.9.2 Stress at 300 % elongation shall be in accordance withTest Methods D412.9.3 Tensile strength shall be in accordance with Test Meth-ods D412.9.4 Elongati
28、on shall be in accordance with Test MethodsD412.9.5 Tire tread hardness shall be in accordance with TestMethod D2240 in addition to the following:9.5.1 Use a Type A durometer that has the center of thepresser foot at a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 in.) from any edgeof the foot.9.5.2 Check the durometer o
29、peration and the state of cali-bration of the durometer with the rubber reference block(s).9.5.3 Condition the tire and the durometer to an equilibriumof 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) before determining the treadhardness.9.5.4 Determine the tire tread hardness by averaging at leastfour readings. Take these
30、readings in the center of each rib,excluding the center rib. It is recommended that additional setsof readings be taken around the tread circumference.9.5.5 Apply the presser foot to the tire tread, as rapidly aspossible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the treadsurface. Apply just enough
31、 pressure to obtain firm contactbetween the presser foot and the tread surface. Read thedurometer scale within 1 s after the presser foot has madecontact with the tread, but after the initial maximum transientneedle deflection that may occur immediately after contact ismade.10. Certification10.1 Upo
32、n request, the manufacturer shall furnish to thepurchaser certification that the test tire meets this specification.10.2 All tires under certification shall be subject to themanufacturers normal variation.11. Storage and Preservation11.1 The tires shall be stored under constant relative humid-ity co
33、nditions at a temperature not to exceed 21C (70F) andabove freezing. The ozone level in the storage area shall notexceed 5 parts/108(or 5 mPa partial pressure), and no tires shallbe stored within 9.1 m (30 ft) of electrical motors or otherozone-generating equipment. Storage of the tires shall be ins
34、ubdued light, with the tires stacked unbundled, no more thaneight tires high on a pallet.12. Recommendations for Tire Use and OperationalRequirements12.1 It is recommended that the tire be used as a referencefor braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, and for other evaluati
35、ons where a standard refer-ence test tire is determined to be required.12.2 The tire shall be mounted on an ETRTO measuring rimwidth code of 6.00 (for example, 16 by 6.00 J rim).12.3 When irregular wear or damage results from tests, orwhen wear influences the test results, the use of the tire shall
36、bediscontinued.12.4 Test results, such as measured friction force, may beinfluenced by tire tread depth or tread hardness or both. Themagnitude of this dependence is a function of the water depth,pavement characteristics, test speed, tire aging effects, andbreak-in.13. Keywords13.1 braking; F09; lig
37、ht truck; SRTT; standard reference testtire; tire pavement friction; wet brakingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe 225/75R16C (LT) light truck radial standard reference testtire. The tire covered by this specification is prim
38、arily for useas a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wearperformance evaluations, but may also be used for otherevaluations such as pavement roughness, noise, or other teststhat require a reference tire.X1.2 Standards and regulatory initiatives in Europe on wetgrip braking perfo
39、rmance for commercial vehicle tires (or asknown in Europe, Class C2 and C3 tires) have required thedevelopment of this commercial vehicle standard reference testtire. The use of the standard reference test tire is necessary tolimit the variability of the testing method procedures.F2872 114ASTM Inter
40、national takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely
41、their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shou
42、ld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stan
43、dards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2872 115
