1、Designation: F2912 11Standard Specification forGlazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers exterior windows, glazed cur-tain walls, glazing panels in doors and other glazed protectivesystems
3、used in buildings that may be subjected to intentionalor accidental explosions.1.2 This specification addresses only glazing and glazingsystems. This specification does not address the structuralintegrity and functionality of door assemblies. It assumes thatthe designer has verified that other struc
4、tural elements havebeen adequately designed to resist the anticipated airblastpressures.1.3 This specification is designed for all glazing, glazingsystems, and glazing retrofit systems including, but not limitedto, those fabricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics,laminated glass, glass/plas
5、tic glazing materials, and organiccoated glass.1.4 This specification does not determine the assessment ofa facility nor acceptable hazard ratings. Threat and riskassessment shall have already been performed and the accept-able hazard rating defined.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regard
6、ed as thestandard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.For conversion of quantities in various systems of measure-ments to SI units, see IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
7、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsF1642 Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Sub-ject t
8、o Airblast LoadingsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for MetricPractice3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Notincluded in Terminology E631.3.1.1 glazingtransparent materials used for windows,doors, or other panels.3.1.2 glazing systemthe assembly comprised of t
9、he glaz-ing, its framing system, and anchorage devices.3.1.3 hazard levelrating assigned to the performance ofthe glazing system based on the amount and location of integralmaterials expelled from the system under specific blast condi-tions of the test.3.1.4 peak positive pressure (P)the maximum mea
10、suredpositive phase airblast pressure, kPa (psi).3.1.5 positive phase impulse (i)the integral, over time, ofthe measured positive phase reflected airblast pressure history,kPa-ms (psi-ms).3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe airblast pressure history, whetherreflected or otherwise, as measured at a point on the su
11、rface,consists of two separate phases. The positive phase for highexplosive detonations is characterized by a nearly instanta-neous rise to a maximum pressure followed by an exponentialdecay to ambient pressure. In the negative phase, whichimmediately follows the positive phase, the pressure decreas
12、esbelow ambient for a period of time before returning to ambient.4. Classification4.1 The classification of airblast resistant glazing is deter-mined by the defined blast load and the performance of theglass or glazing system when subjected to blast testing inaccordance with Test Method F1642.4.1.1
13、Hazard LevelsThe hazard levels are identified anddescribed in Table 1.4.1.2 SpecificationSpecification shall take into accountthe specified blast loads as defined by pressure (P) and impulse(i) and the corresponding hazard level (H1 through H4) asdetermined from Table 1.1This specification is under
14、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 onSecurity Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF12.10 on Systems Products and Services.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F291211.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
15、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.
16、Performance Requirements5.1 The performance requirements of glazing or glazingsystems are found in Table 2.5.1.1 Pre-Defined Blast Load Specification format forblast loads that are defined with a pressure and impulse valuein Table 2, the following text shall be inserted into the glass andglazing spe
17、cification under a security glazing header:Glazing system shall meet a minimum Specification Level(_(insert specification level from Table 2 ex: K3) inaccordance with ASTM F2912.5.1.2 User Defined Blast Load-Specification formatForblast loads defined by the user, the following text shall beinserted
18、into the glass and glazing specification under asecurity glazing header:Glazing system shall meet a minimum Specification Level(_(insert level Z1 through Z4) with the following blast loads:P(_) kPa (psi), i(_) kPa-ms (psi-ms) in accordancewith ASTM F2912.Where:P = indicates blast pressurekPa = unit
19、of measure or blast load (may also beindicated as psi)i = indicates impulseTABLE 1 Hazard Levels and DescriptionsHazard Rating Description Description of Fenestration Glazing Response Hazard LevelNo BreakThe glazing is observed not to fracture and there is no visibledamage to the glazing system.H1No
20、 HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture but is fully retained in the facilitytest frame or glazing system frame and the rear surface (the sideopposite the airblast loaded side of the specimen) is unbroken.H1Minimal HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture and the total length of tears inthe glaz
21、ing plus the total length of pullout from the edge of theframe is less than 20 % of the glazing sight perimeter. Also, thereare three or less perforations caused by glazing slivers and nofragment indents anywhere in a vertical witness panel located 3 m(120 in.) from the interior face of the specimen
22、 and there arefragments with a sum total united dimension of 25 cm (10 in.) orless on the floor between 0m to 1 m from the interior face of thespecimen. Glazing dust and slivers are not accounted for in therating. Fragments are defined as any particle with a uniteddimension of 2.5 cm (1 in.) or grea
23、ter. The united dimension of aglass particle is determined by adding its width, length, andthickness. Glazing dust and slivers are all other smaller particles.H2Very Low HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture and is located within1m(40in.)of the original location. Also, there are three or less pe
24、rforationscaused by glazing slivers and no fragment indents anywhere in avertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthe specimen and there are fragments with a sum total uniteddimension of 25 cm (10 in.) or less on the floor between1m(40in.)and3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespec
25、imen. Glazingdust and slivers are not accounted for in the rating.H3Low HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture, but glazing fragments generallyfallbetween1m(40in.)oftheinteriorfaceofthespecimen and 50cm (20 in.) or less above the floor of a vertical witness panel located3 m (120 in.) from the int
26、erior face of the specimen. Also, there areten or fewer perforations in the area of a vertical witness panellocated3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimen andhigher than 50 cm (20 in.) above the floor and none of theperforations penetrate through the full thickness of the foil backedinsulation bo
27、ard layer of the witness panel as defined in TestMethod F1642-04, section 8.7.5.H4High HazardGlazing is observed to fracture and there are more than tenperforations in the area of a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.) from the interior face of the specimen and higher than 50 cm (20in.) above th
28、e floor or there are one or more perforations in thesame witness panel area with fragment penetration through the firstlayer and into the second layer of the witness panel.N/ATABLE 2 Specification LevelsHazard LevelsH1 H2 H3 H4Blast Load (P and i) Specification Levels28 kPa 193 kPa-ms (4 psi 28 psi-
29、ms) A1 A2 A3 A441 kPa 290 kPa-ms (6 psi 42 psi-ms) C1 C2 C3 C469 kPa 614 kPa-ms (10 psi 89 psi-ms) E1 E2 E3 E490 kPa 538 kPa-ms (13 psi 78 psi-ms) F1 F2 F3 F4234 kPa 558 kPa-ms (34 psi 81 psi-ms) J1 J2 J3 J4290 kPa 2055 kPa-ms (42 psi 298 psi-ms) K1 K2 K3 K4827 kPa 1531 kPa-ms (120 psi 222 psi-ms) N
30、1 N2 N3 N4User Defined Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4F2912 112kPa-ms = unit of measure for impulse (may also be indi-cated as psi-ms)5.1.2.1 User defined blast loads (charge weight and stand offdistance or pressure and impulse) shall be determined by aperson experienced in blast load calculations.6. Systems Rating6.1
31、For identical test specimens, where three out of four testspecimens have the same rating, the hazard level of the threespecimens with the same rating shall be the rating for thesystem.6.2 When two hazard levels are achieved during three tests,the higher hazard level will become the rating for the sy
32、stem.7. Number of Tests and Retests7.1 A minimum of three identical test specimens represen-tative of a glazing or glazing system, or a glazing retrofitsystem, shall be tested at a given level of airblast, defined interms of P and i.7.2 All fenestration units must be supplied to the consumerwith the
33、 same components as tested, including but not limitedto the same type and brand of product qualified, the samelaminate construction (glass type, glass thickness, interlayertype, interlayer thickness), the same sealant and gasketing, thesame glazing bite. Anchor spacing, material and type areproject
34、specific.7.3 A direct substitution is allowed, after units have beenqualified without further testing for the following:7.3.1 Overall unit size change up to +10% and -25% in areaand aspect ratio of the original qualified systems.7.3.2 Performance-based coating change or addition (that is,low-e or re
35、flective).7.3.3 Aesthetic change to the glass, film or interlayer, withno nominal change to the glazing thickness (that is: color,ceramic frit, decorative).7.3.4 Daylight applied film of increased thickness up to 4mils with no connection to the frame.7.3.5 Substitution of an insulating glass unit fo
36、r a singlelaminated glass unit when incorporating the same laminatedglass as long as the laminated glass is inboard and the glazingdetail and sealant to glass attachment does not change except toaccommodate the increased thickness.7.4 One unit must successfully pass Test Method F1642 tothe same load
37、s to allow substitution of any one of thefollowing, any other modifications will require a full design/analysis or a full series of three tests:7.4.1 Glass type change (that is: heat strengthened toannealed, annealed to heat strengthened)7.4.2 Interlayer brand change with comparable chemical ormecha
38、nical properties.7.4.3 Anchored film brand change with comparable chemi-cal or mechanical properties.7.4.4 Sealant brand change with comparable chemical ormechanical properties.7.5 If any two or more of the changes requiring a single testare made to a unit, this is considered a new product and fullq
39、ualification of three additional units is required.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Manufacturers installation instructions shall be fol-lowed for qualification testing and not altered for installationinto the facility unless shown otherwise equivalent by analysis.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the acceptable
40、hazard level for the glazingsystem based on facility evaluation including risk, threat anddesired protection of assets.9.2 Locate the desired hazard level based on the perfor-mance description given in Table 1.9.3 Select the appropriate Hazard Level from Column 3 ofTable 1.9.4 Identify required blas
41、t loads Table 2, Column 1.9.4.1 For user defined loads identify Pressure and Impulsealong with Hazard Designation. The designation Z1 throughZ4 indicates that this load is user defined.9.5 For loads pre-defined in Table 2, follow the loaddesignation across until it intersects with the selected Hazar
42、dDesignation. The all inclusive designation will be at theintersection of the row and column. This shall be selected andtransferred to the specification text outlined in 5.1.1.10. Product Marking10.1 The glazing infill shall be marked with the following:10.1.1 Manufacturers name or logo,10.1.2 Date
43、of manufacture, and10.1.3 Appropriate safety or other performance certificationmarkings.11. Keywords11.1 airblast loading; airblast rating; bomb; building enve-lope; curtain walls; doors; effective positive phase duration;explosive; fenestration; glass; glazing; glazing systems; hazardlevel rating;
44、impact; peak positive pressure; positive phaseimpulse; protective systems; reflected airblast pressure;windowsF2912 113ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressl
45、y advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, e
46、ither reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atte
47、nd. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. I
48、ndividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2912 114
