1、Designation: F2945 12Standard Specification forPolyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methodsfor the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, andfittings for use
3、in fuel gas piping. The pipe and fittings coveredby this specification are intended for use in the transport of fuelgases.1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Ge-neric fusion guidelines are given in Appendix X1. Designconsiderations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant qualitycon
4、trol programs are specified in Annex A1.1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,and appendixes which provide explanatory material. Thesenotes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shallnot be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated
5、 in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendixesin this specification:Annexes SubjectAnnex A1 I
6、n-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.Annex A2 PA-11 Butt Fusion FittingsAppendixes SubjectAppendix X1 Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 PipingAppendix X2 Design Consideration1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
7、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD618 Practice
8、for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD789 Test Methods for Determination of Solution Viscosi-ties of Polyamide (PA)D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipeUnder Constant Internal PressureD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hy
9、draulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Streng
10、th ofPlastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk MethodD2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pressure PipingD2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsF412 Terminology Re
11、lating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1025 Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc-tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure theResistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipesand
12、ResinsF1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and TubingF1973 Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Ris-ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) andPolyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel GasDistribution SystemsF21
13、38 Specification for Excess Flow Valves for Natural GasServiceF2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Poly-amide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for Use on OutsideDiameter Controlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipeand Tubing1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17
14、on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2012. Published . DOI: 10.1520/D2945122For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F26
16、00 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-11Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-11Pipe and Tubing2.2 ANSI Standards:4B 16.40 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs andValves in Gas Distribution SystemsB 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems2.3 Federal Spe
17、cifications:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)OPS Part 192 Title 49, Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations2.4 Military Standards:6MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-1235 (ORD) Single- and Multi-Level ContinuousSampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Att
18、ri-butes2.5 ISO Standards:7ISO 22621 Part 1 Plastics piping systems for the supply ofgaseous fuels for maximum operating pressure up to andincluding 2 MPa (20 bar)Polyamide (PA): General2.6 Plastic Pipe Institute:8PPI TR3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydro-static Design Basis (HDB), Pressu
19、re Design Basis (PDB),Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum RequiredStrength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate-rials or PipePPI TR4 Hydrostatic Design Bases and Maximum Recom-mended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for ThermoplasticPiping MaterialsPPI TN7 Nature of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture
20、 CurvesPPI TR9 Recommended Design Factors for Pressure Appli-cations of Thermoplastic Pipe MaterialsPPI TR-45 Butt Fusion Joining Procedures for Field Joiningof Polyamide-113. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter
21、mi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specificationis in accordance with ANSI B31.8 or CFR OPS Part 192 Title49, unless otherwise indicated.3.3 The term pipe used herein refers to both pipe and tubingunless specifically stated otherwise.3.4 Definit
22、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 re-rounding equipment, nequipment used to reformthe pipe and permanently reduce ovality to5%orless.3.4.2 rounding equipment, nequipment, devices, clamps,and so forth, used to temporarily hold the pipe round whileout-of-roundness measurements are made, or
23、 a joining proce-dure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed.3.4.3 standard thermoplastic material designated code,nthe pipe material designation code shall consist of theabbreviation for the polyamide (PA) followed by Arabicnumerals which describe the short term properties in acco
24、r-dance with Classifications from Table 2 followed by thehydrostatic design stress for water at 73.4F (23C) in units of100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the hydro-static design stress code contains less than two figures, a zerois used before the number. Thus, a complete material design
25、a-tion code shall consist of two letters and five figures forpolyamide 11 materials. For example, PA 32316 is a grade ofpolyamide 11 with a 3150 psi design stress for water at 73.4F(23C). The hydrostatic design stresses for gas are not used inthis designation code.3.4.4 thermoplastic pipe dimension
26、ratio (DR), nthe ratioof pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividingthe specified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches, by theminimum specified wall thickness, in inches. The standarddimension ratio (SDR) is a common numbering system whichis derived from the ANSI preferred numbe
27、r series R 10.3.4.5 toe-in, na small reduction of the outside diameter atthe cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe.4. Requirements for Materials4.1 GeneralThe polyamide 11 material used to make pipeand fittings shall be virgin or reworked material (see 4.5) andshall have a Plastics Pipe Institut
28、e (PPI) long-term hydrostaticdesign stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determinedper PPI TR3 and PPI TR4.4.2 ClassificationPolyamide 11 materials suitable for usein the manufacturing of pipe and fittings under this specifica-tion shall be classified in accordance with Classifications, ass
29、hown in Table 2.4.3 Short- and Long-Term PropertiesPolyamide 11 pipeand fittings shall be made from a Polyamide 11 material whichalso satisfies the combinations of short- and long-term propertyrequirements shown in Table 3.4.4 Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) forMaterialsThe material clas
30、sification (formulation) used inthe manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specificationshall be tested for resistance to failure by RCP in accordancewith 6.7. The data obtained shall be made available uponrequest without limitations on disclosure, and shall not subse-quently be subject to disc
31、losure limitations when used by4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dods
32、sp.daps.mil.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.7Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.8Availa
33、ble from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.TABLE 1 Sustained PressureTestTemperatureMin Hr.PA 32312Hoop StressPA 32316Hoop Stress733.6F(232C)1000 hr 2800 psi(19 MPa)3200 psi(22 MPa)1763.6F(802C)100 hr 1850 psi(12.7 MPa)1850 psi
34、(12.7 MPa)F2945 122others. The values obtained are applicable to all pipes with thewall thickness of the pipe tested and all thinner wall pipes.4.5 Rework MaterialClean rework material of the samecommercial designation, generated from the manufacturersown pipe and fitting production shall not be use
35、d unless thepipe and fittings produced meet all the requirements of thisspecification.4.6 DocumentationA documentation system to allow fortraceability of raw materials including percentage and materialclassification (or designation, if applicable) of rework materialsused in the manufacture of the pi
36、pe product meeting therequirements of this specification shall exist and be supplied tothe purchaser, if requested.5. Requirements for Pipe and Fittings5.1 GeneralPipe shall be supplied in either coils orstraight lengths.Any pipe supplied in coils must meet the samerequirements before and after coil
37、ing.5.2 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreigninclusion, blisters, and dents, or other injurious defects. Thepipe and fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practi-cable in color, opacity, density, and other physical propert
38、ies.5.3 Pipe and Tubing Dimensions and Tolerances:5.3.1 DimensionThe dimensions shall be specified bywall thickness and outside diameter.5.3.1.1 DiametersThe outside diameter shall meet therequirements given in Table 4 or Table 5 when measured inaccordance with 6.5.5.3.1.2 Toe-InWhen measured in acc
39、ordance with 6.5.1.1,the outside diameter at the cut end of the pipe shall not be morethan 1.5 % smaller than the undistorted outside diameter.Measurement of the undistorted outside diameter shall be madeno closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mm),whichever distance is less, from the cut
40、end of the pipe.Undistorted outside diameter shall meet the requirements ofTable 4 or Table 5.5.3.1.3 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall be asspecified in Table 5 or Table 6 when measured in accordancewith 6.5.1.2. The minimum wall thickness at any point ofmeasurement shall be not less than the
41、minimum wall thicknessspecified in Table 5 or Table 6.5.3.1.4 Wall Thickness Eccentricity RangeThe wall thick-ness eccentricity range shall be within 12 % when measured inaccordance with 6.5.1.3.5.3.1.5 OvalityThe ovality (cross section) of 3 in. IPS(88.9 mm) and smaller pipe shall not exceed 5 % wh
42、enmeasured in accordance with 6.5.3. Measurements of coiledpipe shall be made on a sample cut from the coil, and in caseof disagreement, conditioned per 6.3.TABLE 2 Classifications (dry as molded)Classification ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method DesignationPA Polyamide3 (group) PA112 (class) Heat stab
43、ilized3 (grade)Viscosity Number, (mL/g) ISO 307 150300Melt point, C D789 ISO 11357 180195Specific gravity D792 ISO 1183 1.001.06Tensile strength, min, (MPa) D638 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 40Tensile modulus, min, (MPa) D638 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 1150Tensile Elongation (ultimate), min, (%) D638 ISO 52
44、7-1 and ISO 527-2 150Charpy Impact Resistance, kJ/m2, min ISO 179/ 1eA 6.0Deflection temperature, min at 1.82 Mpa, min C D648 ISO 75-1 and 75-2 40TABLE 3 Short and Long Term Property RequirementsPA MaterialDesignation CodeShort-Term inAccordance withTable 2Long-Term inAccordance withD2837PA32312 PA3
45、23 HDB of 2500 psifor 73F (23C)PA32316 PA323 HDB of 3150 psifor 73F (23C)TABLE 4 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for PA11 Pipe, in. (mm)Nominal Pipe Size Outside Diameter ToleranceMaximum out-of-roundness(SDR 13.5 SDR 11)12 0.840 (21.3) 0.004 (0.102) 0.016 (0.406)34 1.050 (26.7) 0.004 (0.102) 0.02
46、(0.508)1 1.315 (33.4) 0.005 (0.127) 0.02 (0.508)114 1.660 (42.1) 0.005 (0.127) 0.024 (0.61)2 2.375 (60.3) 0.006 (0.152) 0.024 (0.61)3 3.500 (88.9) 0.008 (0.203) 0.03 (0.762)4 4.500 (114.3) 0.009 (0.229) 0.03 (0.762)5 5.563 (141.3) 0.010 (0.254) 0.06 (1.524)6 6.625 (168.3) 0.011 (0.279) 0.07 (1.778)8
47、 8.625 (219.1) 0.013 (0.330) 0.08 (2.04)10 10.750 (273.0) 0.015 (0.381) 0.1 (2.5)12 12.750 (323.8) 0.017 (0.432) 0.1 (2.5)F2945 123NOTE 1Other factors, that is, installation compaction, static soilloading, and dynamic vehicular loads may increase the ovality; therefore,5 % was chosen as the limit fo
48、r the amount contributed by manufacturing,packing, in-plant storage, and shipping.(1) Before or during installation, coiled pipe larger than 3in. IPS (88.9 mm) shall be processed by the installer throughre-rounding equipment that corrects ovality to5%orless.NOTE 2Ovality is a packaging condition tha
49、t occurs when roundablepipe is wound into a coilthe pipe flattens out as it is coiled. Ovality iscorrected when joining equipment is applied to roundable pipe, or by fieldprocessing roundable pipe through re-rounding and straightening equip-ment during installation.5.3.1.6 LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in straightlengths or coils as agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser. The length shall not be less than the minimumlength agreed upon when corrected to 73F (23C).TABLE 5 Tubing Diameters,
