1、Designation: F2945 12aStandard Specification forPolyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.Balloted changes were added, and the year date was changed on November 27, 2012.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements and test m
3、ethodsfor the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, andfittings for use in fuel gas piping. The pipe and fittings coveredby this specification are intended for use in the transport of fuelgases.1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Ge-neric fusion guidelines are given in Ap
4、pendix X1. Designconsiderations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant qualitycontrol programs are specified in Annex A1.1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,and appendixes which provide explanatory material. Thesenotes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures)
5、shallnot be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following is an i
6、ndex of the annexes and appendixesin this specification:Annexes SubjectAnnex A1 In-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.Annex A2 PA-11 Butt Fusion FittingsAppendixes SubjectAppendix X1 Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 PipingAppendix X2 Design Consideration1.5 This standard does not purport to
7、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Heat fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings
8、meeting therequirements of this standard is limited to PA11 pipe and fittings meetingthe requirements of this Standard. Heat Fusion joining of PA11 pipe andfittings meeting the requirements of this standard is not allowed to pipesand fittings made from any other thermoplastic materials (for example,
9、PA12, PEs, PVCs, etc.).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsU
10、nder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD789 Test Methods for Determination of Solution Viscosi-ties of Polyamide (PA)D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive
11、Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipeUnder Constant Internal PressureD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time HydraulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1898 Practice fo
12、r Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength ofPlastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk MethodD2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pressure
13、 PipingD2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD4066 Clas
14、sification System for Nylon Injection and Extru-sion Materials (PA) (Withdrawn 2012)31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas.Current edition approved Nov. 27, 2012. Published December 20
15、12. Orginallyapproved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F294512. DOI:10.1520/D294512A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
16、 Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1025 Gui
17、de for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc-tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and TubingF1973 Specification for Factory Assembled
18、Anodeless Ris-ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) andPolyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel GasDistribution SystemsF2138 Specification for Excess Flow Valves for Natural GasServiceF2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Poly-amide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for Use
19、 on OutsideDiameter Controlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipeand TubingF2600 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-11Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-11Pipe and TubingF2897 Specification for Tracking and Traceability EncodingSystem of Natural Gas Distribution Component
20、s (Pipe,Tubing, Fittings, Valves, and Appurtenances)2.2 ANSI Standards:4B 16.40 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs andValves in Gas Distribution SystemsB 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems2.3 Federal Specifications:5Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
21、OPS Part 192 Title 49, Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations2.4 Military Standards:6MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-1235 (ORD) Single- and Multi-Level ContinuousSampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attri-butes2.5 ISO Standards:7ISO 751 Plastics - Determination of tempe
22、rature of deflec-tion under load - Part 1: General test methodISO 752 Determination of temperature of deflection underload - Part 2: Plastics and eboniteISO 179/1eA Determination of Charpy impact properties.Non-instrumented impact testISO 5271 Determination of tensile properties - Part 1:General pri
23、nciplesISO 5272 Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Testconditions for moulding and extrusion plasticsISO 1183 Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method, liquid py-knometer method and titration methodISO 22621 Part 1 Plastics piping systems for
24、 the supply ofgaseous fuels for maximum operating pressure up to andincluding 2 MPa (20 bar)Polyamide (PA): GeneralISO 13478 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance offluids- Determination of resistance to rapid crack propa-gation (RCP) - Full-scale test (FST)2.6 Plastic Pipe Institute:8PPI TR3 Poli
25、cies and Procedures for Developing Hydro-static Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB),Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum RequiredStrength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate-rials or PipePPI TR4 Hydrostatic Design Bases and Maximum Recom-mended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for
26、 ThermoplasticPiping MaterialsPPI TN7 Nature of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture CurvesPPI TR9 Recommended Design Factors for Pressure Appli-cations of Thermoplastic Pipe MaterialsPPI TR-45 Butt Fusion Joining Procedures for Field Joiningof Polyamide-113. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accor
27、dance with Termi-nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specificationis in accordance with ANSI B31.8 or CFR OPS Part 192 Title49, unless otherwise indicated.3.3 The term pipe used herein refe
28、rs to both pipe and tubingunless specifically stated otherwise.3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 re-rounding equipment, nequipment used to reformthe pipe and permanently reduce ovality to5%orless.3.4.2 rounding equipment, nequipment, devices, clamps,and so forth, used to tempo
29、rarily hold the pipe round whileout-of-roundness measurements are made, or a joining proce-dure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed.3.4.3 standard thermoplastic material designated code,nthe pipe material designation code shall consist of theabbreviation for the polyamide (PA) f
30、ollowed by Arabicnumerals which describe the short term properties in accor-dance with Classifications from Table 2 followed by thehydrostatic design stress for water at 73.4F (23C) in units of100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the hydro-static design stress code contains less than two
31、figures, a zero4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6Ava
32、ilable from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.7Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.8Available from Nationa
33、l Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.TABLE 1 Sustained PressureTestTemperatureMin Hr.PA 32312Hoop StressPA 32316Hoop Stress733.6F(232C)1000 hr 2800 psi(19 MPa)3200 psi(22 MPa)1763.6F(802C)100 hr 1850 psi(12.7 MPa)1850 psi(12.7 MPa)F2945
34、12a2is used before the number. Thus, a complete material designa-tion code shall consist of two letters and five figures forpolyamide 11 materials. For example, PA32316 is a polyamide11 with a 1600 psi design stress for water at 73.4F (23C).Thehydrostatic design stresses for gas are not used in this
35、 desig-nation code.3.4.4 thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (DR), nthe ratioof pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividingthe specified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches, by theminimum specified wall thickness, in inches. The standarddimension ratio (SDR) is a common numberin
36、g system whichis derived from the ANSI preferred number series R 10.3.4.5 toe-in, na small reduction of the outside diameter atthe cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe.4. Requirements for Materials4.1 GeneralThe polyamide 11 material used to make pipeand fittings shall be virgin or reworked mat
37、erial (see 4.5) andshall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostaticdesign stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determinedper PPI TR3 and PPI TR4.4.2 ClassificationPolyamide materials suitable for use inthe manufacturing of pipe and fittings under this specificationshall be c
38、lassified in accordance with Classification D4066-94b, as shown in Table 2.4.3 Short- and Long-Term PropertiesPolyamide 11 pipeand fittings shall be made from a Polyamide 11 material whichalso satisfies the combinations of short- and long-term propertyrequirements shown in Table 3.4.4 Resistance to
39、Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) forMaterialsThe material classification (formulation) used inthe manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specificationshall be tested for resistance to failure by RCP in accordancewith 6.6. The data obtained shall be made available uponrequest without limitations on
40、 disclosure, and shall not subse-quently be subject to disclosure limitations when used byothers. The values obtained are applicable to all pipes with thewall thickness of the pipe tested and all thinner wall pipes.4.5 Rework MaterialClean PA11 rework material of thesame commercial designation, gene
41、rated from the manufactur-ers own pipe and fitting production shall not be used unless thepipe and fitting produced meet all the requirements of thisspecification. The use of these PA11 rework materials shall begoverned by the requirements of 4.6 and the principals of PPITN-30/2006. In pipe, rework
42、materials shall be limited to amaximum of 30 % by weight.4.6 DocumentationA documentation system to allow fortraceability of raw materials including percentage and materialclassification (or designation, if applicable) of rework materialsused in the manufacture of the pipe product meeting therequire
43、ments of this specification shall exist and be supplied tothe purchaser, if requested.5. Requirements for Pipe and Fittings5.1 GeneralPipe shall be supplied in either coils orstraight lengths.Any pipe supplied in coils must meet the samerequirements before and after coiling.5.2 WorkmanshipThe pipe a
44、nd fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreigninclusion, blisters, and dents, or other injurious defects. Thepipe and fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practi-cable in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties.5.3 Pipe and Tubing Dimen
45、sions and Tolerances:5.3.1 DimensionThe dimensions shall be specified bywall thickness and outside diameter.5.3.1.1 DiametersThe outside diameter shall meet therequirements given in Table 4 or Table 5 when measured inaccordance with 6.5.5.3.1.2 Toe-InWhen measured in accordance with 6.5.1.1,the outs
46、ide diameter at the cut end of the pipe shall not be morethan 1.5 % smaller than the undistorted outside diameter.Measurement of the undistorted outside diameter shall be madeno closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mm),whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe.Undistorted o
47、utside diameter shall meet the requirements ofTable 4 or Table 5.TABLE 2 D406694b Classifications (dry as molded)Classification ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method DesignationPA Polyamide3 (group) PA112 (class) Heat stabilized3 (grade)Relative Viscosity, min, D789 1.83Melting Point, C D3418, DTA or DSC
48、 185 -195Specific Gravity D792 ISO 1183 1/03-1.06Tensile strength, min, (MPa) D638 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 48Elongation (ultimate), %, min. D638 200Flexural Modulus, Mpa D790 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 900Izod Impact Resistance, J/m2, min ISO 179/ 1eA 55Deflection temperature, min at 1.8 Mpa, min C D64
49、8 ISO 75-1 and 75-2 40Moisture, as received, max. D789 0.08TABLE 3 Short and Long Term Property RequirementsPA MaterialDesignation CodeShort-Term inAccordance withTable 2Long-Term inAccordance withD2837PA32312 PA323 HDB of 2500 psifor 73F (23C)PA32316 PA323 HDB of 3150 psifor 73F (23C)F2945 12a35.3.1.3 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall be asspecified in Table 5 or Table 6 when measured in accordancewith 6.5.1.2. The minimum wall thickness at any point ofmeasurement shall be not less than the minimum wall thicknessspecified in Table
