1、Designation: F3012 14Standard Specification forLoose-Fill Rubber for Use as a Playground Safety Surfaceunder and around Playground Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONRecycled rubber used in loose-fill applications is found in a wide variety of products, i
3、ncludinglandscaping mulch, equestrian surfacing, artificial turf in-fill, and resilient playground surfacing. Thegoal of this specification is to provide test methods and performance requirements for loose-fill rubberplayground-surfacing products. It is intended to complement existing ASTM Internati
4、onal standardsfor determining the shock attenuation and accessibility of a playground surface. This specification willassist playground designers and specifiers, owner/operators, and playground-surfacing suppliers inevaluating loose-fill rubber products for playground use.1. Scope1.1 This specificat
5、ion establishes test methods and perfor-mance requirements for particle size distribution, extractablehazardous metal content, total lead content, tramp metalcontent, and sharp tramp metal content for loose-fill rubber thatis intended to be used as a playground surface.1.2 This specification does no
6、t contain test methods orperformance requirements for the accessibility of loose-fillrubber playground surfacing. The specification also does notestablish test methods or performance requirements to charac-terize the release of organic chemicals from loose-fill rubberintended to be used as a playgro
7、und surface. Appendix X1 andAppendix X2 contain additional information on these topics.1.3 If loose-fill rubber which meets the requirements of thisstandard is to be installed in the use zone of playgroundequipment, it must also comply with Specification F1292.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound uni
8、ts are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to SI units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
9、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD1193 Specification for Rea
10、gent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) Techniqu
11、esF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfacingMaterials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment2.2 U.S. EPA Standards and Methods:3EPA Method 3050B Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludgesand Soils; SW 846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
12、Waste, Physical/Chemical MethodsEPA Method 3051A Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion ofSediments, Sludges and Soils; SW 846, Test Methods forEvaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical MethodsEPA Method 6010B Inductively Coupled Plasma-AtomicEmission Spectrometry; SW 846, Test Methods for Evalu-ating So
13、lid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.63 on Playground Surfacing Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014
14、. DOI: 10.1520/F3012-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the U.S. EPA, Office
15、of Resource Conservation and Recovery,(5305P), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20460.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1EPA Method 7470A Mercury in Liquid Waste (ManualCold-Vapor Technique); SW 846, Test Meth
16、ods for Evalu-ating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods2.3 Federal Standards:416 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Useby Children Under 8 Years of Age3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 hazardous metal, nmetal that could have t
17、he poten-tial to cause harm to humans3.1.2 organic chemical, nchemical compound containingcarbon and hydrogen.3.1.3 particle size distribution, nlist of values that definesthe relative amounts of particles present in a mixture.3.1.4 sieve analysis, nprocedure used to determine theparticle size distr
18、ibution of a granular material.3.1.5 tramp metal, nunwanted metal that finds its way intoloose-fill rubber, generally steel.3.1.6 use zone, narea beneath and immediately adjacent toa play structure or playground equipment that is designated forunrestricted circulation around the equipment and on who
19、sesurface it is predicted that a user would land when falling fromor exiting the equipment.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 buffng, rubber, nelongated rubber strand.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe approximate dimensions (0.039 to0.375 inches thick (1 to 9.5 mm), 0.039 to 0.50 in. (1 to
20、 12.7mm) wide, 0.079 to 3.0 in. (2 to 76.2 mm) long) of buffingsused in loose-fill rubber playground surfacing differ from thoseof buffings used in poured-in-place rubber playground surfac-ing.3.2.2 loose-fill rubber, nrubber particles in the form ofnuggets or buffings.3.2.3 nugget, rubber, nrubber
21、granule, irregular in shape,with maximum dimension of approximately38 to78 in. (9.5 to22.2 mm).4. Performance Requiremetns4.1 Loose-fill rubber represented as complying with thisspecification shall meet all applicable requirements specifiedherein.Anyone representing compliance with this specificatio
22、nshall keep such records as are necessary to document any claimthat the requirements within this specification have been met.4.2 Sieve Analysis:4.2.1 NuggetsWhen a sample of loose-fill rubber in theform of nuggets is tested in accordance with Section 7, theminimum and maximum passing through the two
23、 sieves shallbe as in Table 1.4.2.2 BuffngsWhen a sample of loose-fill rubber in theform of buffings is tested in accordance with Section 7, theminimum and maximum passing through four sieves shall beas in Table 2.4.3 Hazardous Metal ContentWhen the sample is ana-lyzed using the procedure described
24、in Section 8 (including thecorrection for statistical errors as described in 8.4.6), themaximum content of hazardous metals shall not exceed theconcentrations shown in Table 3.4.4 Tramp Metal ContentWhen tested in accordance withthe procedure described in Section 9, there shall be no trampmetal part
25、icles with any dimension of 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) orgreater or rubber particles which contain exposed metal thathas any dimension of 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) or greater.4.5 Sharp Tramp Metal ContentWhen tested in accor-dance with the procedure described in Section 9, there shall beno tramp metal particles wi
26、th any dimension of 0.20 in. (5 mm)or greater which are determined to have sharp points; or rubberparticles that contain exposed metal which has any dimensionof 0.20 in. (5 mm) or greater which is determined to have sharppoints.4.6 Total Lead ContentWhen tested according to theprocedure described in
27、 Section 10, total lead content shall notexceed 100 ppm.4.7 The tests required to determine compliance with theforegoing performance requirements shall be conducted notmore than three years before the date of the installation of theloose-fill rubber playground surface.5. Sampling5.1 Five 3-yd3(2.3-m
28、3) sample piles of loose-fill rubber arerequired. A smaller sample of loose-fill rubber is taken fromthese sample piles using the procedure in 5.2 and 5.3.NOTE 1The standard container size for bulk recycled loose-fill rubberis3yd3(2.3 m3).5.2 Eight 2-dry qt (2.2-L) samples are drawn from each3-yd3(2
29、.3-m3) sample pile, taking two 2-dry qt (2.2-L) samplesfrom each quadrant of the pile, digging 1 to 2 ft (0.3 to 0.6 m)into the pile. Each of the two probes (in each quadrant) shall bein different locations (in vertical and horizontal directions) inthe quadrant.4Code of Federal Regulations, availabl
30、e from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.TABLE 1 Sample of Loose-Fill Rubber in the Form of NuggetsTested in Accordance with Section 7Sieve Size Minimum % Maximum %78 in. 99 100No. 4 0 5TABLE 2 Sample of Loose-Fill Rubber in Form of Buffings Testedin Accordance with Section 7Sieve
31、 Size Minimum % Maximum %1 in. 99 100No. 5 0 45No. 8 0 15No. 16 0 5F3012 1425.3 Combine and thoroughly mix the 40 2-dry qt (2.2-L)samples to achieve a homogenous blend. The resultant 20-drygal (88-L) blended sample will be used to provide samples forthe sieve analysis, hazardous metal content testin
32、g, tramp metaltesting and total lead content testing.6. Summary of Test Methods6.1 Particle size distribution is achieved using Test MethodC136, which provides a test method for determining particlesize distribution by passing a sample of known mass through aseries of sieves of progressively smaller
33、 openings.6.2 Loose-fill rubber hazardous metal content is determinedusing a procedure contained in Specification F963. Thisprocedure simulates the situation in which loose-fill rubberremains in the digestive tract for 4 h after swallowing byextracting soluble hazardous metals from the loose-fill ru
34、bbersample with an acidic solution. The resultant solution is thenanalyzed for mercury content using EPA Method 7470A. Thecontent of the balance of the hazardous metals is analyzedusing EPA Method 6010B.6.3 The presence of tramp metal in the loose-fill rubber isdetermined by visual inspection as wel
35、l as by collecting anyferrous tramp metal particles from the loose-fill rubber sampleusing a Ceramic Grade 8 hand magnet. Tramp metal is testedfor sharpness according to the procedure in 16 CFR 1500.48.6.4 Total lead content of the loose-fill rubber sample isdetermined by strong acid digestion using
36、 EPA Method 3050Bor 3051A, followed by instrumental analysis of the resultantdigestate using one of the test methods specified in ASTME1613.TEST METHODS7. Sieve Analysis Test Method7.1 Significance and UseThis test method is used todetermine the particle size distribution of loose-fill rubber toinsu
37、re that the material tested has a particle size distributionthat is appropriate for use as a playground surface. Thespecified particle size distribution is one that provides sufficientporosity for drainage and limits compaction to allow for properresilience.7.2 Apparatus:7.2.1 BalancesBalances or sc
38、ales used in testing fine orcoarse aggregate shall be readable and accurate to the greaterof 0.018 oz (0.5 g) or 0.1 % of test load at any point within therange of use.7.2.2 Sieves:7.2.2.1 The sieve cloth shall be mounted on substantialframes constructed in a manner that will prevent loss ofmaterial
39、 during sieving. The sieve cloth and standard sieveframes shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11.Nonstandard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification E11, as applicable.7.2.2.2 Sieve sizes required are: for nuggets;78 in. and No.4(316-in. (4.8-mm) sieves, and fo
40、r buffings; one in., No. 5, No.8, and No. 16 sieves; mounted on a standard frame 8 in. (20cm) in diameter and 2 in. (5 cm) high.7.2.3 Sieve ShakerA mechanical sieving device, if used,shall create motion of the sieves to cause the particles tobounce, tumble, or otherwise turn so as to present differe
41、ntorientations to the sieving surface. The sieving action shall besuch that the criterion of adequacy of sieving described in thistest procedure is met in a reasonable time period.7.2.4 OvenThe oven used for drying the sample shall beof a size capable of accommodating a 1-dry gal (4.4-L) sampleand b
42、e capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 140 69F (60 6 5C).7.3 Sample Preparation:7.3.1 From the 20-dry gal (88-L) sample of loose-fill rubber,measure a 1-dry gal (4.4-L) sample for drying followed bysieve testing.7.3.2 Oven dry the 1-dry gal (4.4-L) test sample to aconstant weight using an
43、 oven temperature of 140 6 9F (60 612.7C). (A constant moisture level is necessary to preventweight changes because of changing moisture levels in thesample.)7.4 Procedure:7.4.1 Nest the sieves in order of decreasing size of openingfrom top to bottom and place the sample on the top sieve.7.4.2 Agita
44、te the sieve by hand or mechanical apparatus fora sufficient period, established by trial or checked by measure-ment on the actual test sample, to meet the criterion foradequacy of sieving described in 7.4.5.7.4.3 Limit the quantity of material on the sieve so that allparticles have the opportunity
45、to reach sieve openings anumber of times during the sieving operation.7.4.4 Prevent an overload of material on the individual sieveby one of the following methods:7.4.4.1 Insert an additional sieve with an opening sizeintermediate between the sieve that is overloaded and the sieveimmediately above t
46、hat sieve in the original set of sieves.7.4.4.2 Split the sample into two or more portions, sievingeach portion individually. Combine the masses of the generalportions retained on a specific sieve before calculating thepercentage of the sample on the sieve.7.4.5 Continue sieving for a sufficient per
47、iod and in such amanner that, after completion, not more than one mass percentof the residue on any individual sieve will pass that sieveduring 1 min of continuous hand sieving as follows: hold theindividual sieve provided with a snug-fitting pan and cover ina slightly inclined position in one hand.
48、 Strike the side of thesieve sharply and with an upward motion against the heel of theTABLE 3 Maximum Allowable Soluble Concentration in mg/LAntimony(Sb)Arsenic(As)Barium(Ba)Cadmium(Cd)Chromium(Cr)Lead(Pb)Mercury(Hg)Selenium(Se)60 25 1000 75 60 90 60 500F3012 143other hand at a rate of about 150 tim
49、es per minute, turning thesieve about one sixth of a revolution at intervals of about 25strokes. In determining the sufficiency of sieving for sizeslarger than the No. 16 sieve, limit the material on the sieve toa single set of particles. If the size of the mounted testing sievesmakes the described sieving motion impractical, use 8-in.(20-cm) diameter sieves to verify the sufficiency of sieving.7.4.6 Hand sieve larger particles by determining the small-est sieve opening through which each particle will pass. Startthe test on the smallest sieve to be
