1、Designation: F3300 18Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Flexible Packaging Films Using aReciprocating Weighted Stylus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-sion resistance of flexible non-conductive fil
3、ms and packagingmaterials using a weighted stylus that wears completelythrough a film by oscillating or reciprocating back and forthalong a linear path until an electrical circuit is completedshutting down the test.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
4、separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety co
5、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance wit
6、h internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
7、:2D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingD6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic FilmTest SpecimensE171/E171M Practice for Conditioning and Testing FlexibleBarrier PackagingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Tes
8、t MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF2251 Test Method for Thickness Measurement of FlexiblePackaging Material3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasionthe wearing away of any part of a materialby rubbing against another surface.3
9、.1.2 abrasion cyclein abrasion testing, one or moremovements of an abradant across a material surface, or thematerial surface across an abradant, that permits a return to itsstarting position.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the case of the linear abradingdevice, an abrasion cycle consists of one complete forwa
10、rd andone complete backward stroke.3.1.3 abrasion resistancein abrasion testing, the ability ofa material to withstand degradation caused by the rubbing ofone material against another.3.1.4 durabilitythe ability of a material to withstanddeterioration from the sum of all sources.3.1.5 non-conductive
11、 filmany film used in this test methodthat allows the stylus to completely abrade through the film,making a hole, and does not prematurely stop the test beforethe hole is made.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe stylus (on one side of the film) andthe mandrel (on the other side of the film) form part of anelectri
12、cal circuit that signals the end of the test. Wearing a holethrough a non-conductive film closes the circuit and stops thetest. A conductive film would conduct electricity between thestylus and the mandrel before the film completely abradesthrough and prematurely signal the end of the test.4. Summar
13、y of Test Method4.1 Aspecimen is abraded using a linear rubbing action.Thetest specimen, mounted over a mandrel and held in place bytwo plates, is rubbed back and forth with the hemispherical tipof a special stylus. The hemispherical tip rubs the specimenuntil it abrades through and the test is auto
14、matically stopped.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on PrimaryBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2018. Published March 2018. DOI: 10.1520/F3300-182For referenced ASTM standar
15、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
16、9428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tec
17、hnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Resistance to abrasion in this test method is reported as thenumber of back-and-forth cycles to breakthrough. Variablesthat influence the rubbing action are pressure on the specimen,temperature, relative humidity, and speed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Materia
18、ls such as engineered thermoplastic films areoften used for flexible barrier packaging. However, handlingand transportation can cause abrasion to the packaging film andpossibly compromise the integrity of the contents (e.g., sterilityof a medical device). This test method provides a comparativeranki
19、ng of material performance that can be used as anindication of relative end-use performance.5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, asmeasured on a testing machine under laboratory conditions, isonly one of several factors contributing to wear performance ordurability as experienced in
20、the actual use of the material.While abrasion resistance and durability are frequently related,the relationship varies with different end uses and differentfactors may be necessary in any calculation of predicteddurability from specific abrasion data.5.3 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasi
21、on may beaffected by factors including test conditions of temperature andhumidity, type of abradant, pressure between the specimen andabradant, mounting or tension of the specimen, and type, kind,or amount of finishing materials such as coatings or additives.Other causes of variation include local m
22、aterial movementduring testing, material direction alignment, materialcharacteristics, and mandrel and stylus wear. For consistency,samples to be evaluated under special environmental condi-tions shall be conditioned under those same conditions. It isimportant that the test instrument be shown to op
23、erate properlyunder special environmental conditions.5.4 This test method may not be suitable for all films,including the following cases:5.4.1 Films that stretch and generate a ripple in the abradedregion during testing,5.4.2 Films that have a thickness greater than 0.25 mm(0.010 in.), or are of su
24、ch rigidity that forming over themandrel would cause internal stresses that weaken the film, and5.4.3 Conductive films.6. Apparatus6.1 Linear Abrading Device,3as shown in Fig. 1, consistingof the following elements:6.1.1 Crank-Slide Drive Mechanism (not shown) to operatean oscillating arm in a linea
25、r distance of 25.4 mm (1 in.) at aspeed of 30 cycles/min,6.1.2 Splined Shaft, such that it cannot rotate during the test,mounted vertically at the end of the oscillating arm,6.1.3 A means to increase the vertical force on the stylus.This may be as simple as adding additional mass to the top ofthe sp
26、lined shaft,6.1.4 Attachment affixed to the end of the splined shaft tosecurely hold the stylus perpendicular to the test specimen,6.1.5 Mechanism to keep stylus off specimen surface untiltime of test,6.1.6 Means to automatically stop the test when the stylusabrades through the specimen and contacts
27、 the mandrel, and6.1.7 Specimen Table, to which the flexible material holdercan be secured.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this i
28、nformation to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Linear Abrading DeviceF3300 1826.2 Accessory Weight Holder and Weights, which can beperched on top of the splined shaft to
29、change the load appliedto the specimen.6.2.1 Flexible Material Holder,as shown in Fig. 2, con-sisting of a mandrel, base, and top plate to secure the specimenso that it is held rigidly during testing. The bottom plate shallhave a 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) radius or cradle to accept themandrel and have thre
30、e holes to assist with alignment andset-up (see Fig. 3). The top plate shall include a 6.35 mm (0.25in.) radius that is 5.60 mm (0.22 in.) deep to secure thespecimen and mandrel and include a cutout center slot throughwhich the stylus will be able to contact the test specimen. Themandrel shall have
31、a diameter of 11.94 mm (0.47 in.) andinclude a hole to insert a banana plug for the automatic shut-offsystem.6.2.2 Stylus, which is of sufficient length to be anchoredsecurely in the stylus holder mounted on the splined shaft withenough exposed length for the stylus holder to avoid rubbingagainst th
32、e upper sample holder plate.The stylus shall be 1.5 60.1 mm in diameter and have a hemispherical tip of the samediameter. The stylus shall be made from steel heat treated to ahardness of Rockwell C55 to C61 and the spherical radius shallhave a surface finish of 8 rms.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Speci
33、men SizeSpecimens shall be cut in a rectangularshape to a minimum of 38 mm (1.5 in.) wide and 50 mm (2 in.)long. Half of the specimens should be cut with the long side ofthe rectangle parallel to the film machine direction. Theremainder of the specimens should be cut with the long sideparallel to th
34、e film transverse direction. The long side of therectangle is parallel to the linear path of stylus travel. The shortside of the rectangle must be narrow enough to allow the filmto lay flat on the base and not bunch up around the positioningpins of the flexible material holder. Material thickness sh
35、all beless than 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).7.2 Using an indelible marker, label each specimen withsample identification, such as machine direction and samplenumber. Other useful information may include, for example,sealant versus non-sealant side and top versus bottom fornon-symmetric film. Markings shall n
36、ot be in the path of thestylus movement. .7.3 When testing different types of materials or film struc-tures for comparison purposes, it is advised to measure filmthickness in accordance with either Guide D6988 or TestMethod F2251 before the test. To simplify comparison testing,it is recommended that
37、 the same weight should be used on thestylus for all samples, letting the number of cycles to break-through differentiate the abrasion resistance.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 The pressure of the top plate against the sample shouldprevent film distortion or movement during testing.NOTE 1If there ar
38、e concerns of slippage during a test, a piece ofdouble-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, such as 3M 9492MP, maybe applied to the recessed portion of the flexible material holder top plateas a way to prevent specimen movement during the test.8.2 The stylus shall be inserted into its holder such
39、 that thehemispherical end is exposed.NOTE 2The condition of the abrading tip of the stylus should bemonitored and the stylus replaced when test results are affected.Alternatively, the stylus may be replaced according to a preventivemaintenance schedule. Do not allow the stylus to rub against any ha
40、rd orrough surface. Wear may be evaluated either with the use of a microscopeor by control charting the number of cycles to breakthrough of a controlfilm. A control film can be any lot of film similar to those undergoingabrasion testing in which the analyst has confidence in the consistency ofits ab
41、rasion resistance. This control film can be set aside and periodicallysampled and tested to generate a body of data that validates the confidencein the test and the equipment.8.3 Stroke LengthSet the stroke length using the recom-mended method given in the instrument instructions (see6.1.1).8.4 Spee
42、dSet the speed using the recommended methodgiven in the instrument instructions. A typical starting point is30 cycles/min (see 6.1.1).8.5 LoadThe weight applied to the film sample is the sumof the shaft-stylus assembly of the instrument and any addedweights. For the apparatus described in 6.1, the s
43、haft-stylusassembly consists of a standard weight holder, a splined shaft,a stylus holder and a stylus. One approach to the selection of astarting weight applied to the film may be found in AppendixX1.NOTE 3The weight of the shaft-stylus assembly is provided by theinstrument manufacturer. Disassembl
44、ing the spline shaft from the instru-ment is not recommended due to possible damage to the bearing guidingthe shaft.NOTE 4Sets of weights may be obtained from the manufacturer thatfit the standard weight holder. These have been scribed and weighed to thenearest gram and may be used without re-weighi
45、ng.FIG. 2 Flexible Material HolderF3300 1838.6 Alignment of Flexible Material HolderSections 8.6.1 8.6.4 describe the alignment procedure for the base plate ofthe flexible material holder to a specimen table or other type ofmounting fixture that is attached to or incorporated in the linearabrading d
46、evice.8.6.1 Position the oscillating arm so it is at the end of itsstroke (to the right most position). Align the base plate bylowering the stylus into the right most alignment hole. Lift thestylus out of the hole (see Fig. 3).8.6.2 Position the oscillating arm so it is at the beginning ofits stroke
47、 (to the left most position). Lower the stylus into theleft most alignment hole. If necessary, pivot the position of thebase plate so the stylus can be lowered into the left alignmenthole.8.6.3 Once aligned, tighten the fasteners to secure the baseplate of the flexible material holder to the specime
48、n table.8.6.4 Verify that the base plate is properly aligned byfollowing 8.6.1 and 8.6.2, and adjust as necessary.8.7 Test CyclesSet the number of cycles to breakthroughto a number greater than 1000 unless otherwise specified. Withthe automatic shutoff, the linear abrading device will stopautomatica
49、lly should the stylus abrade through the specimenmaterial before the number of cycles is completed.8.8 Automatic ShutoffFollow the manufacturers recom-mended instructions to connect the automatic shutoff feature tothe linear abrading device and flexible material holder.9. Conditioning9.1 Prior to testing, condition all specimens according toestablished procedures specific to the material being evaluatedor as agreed upon between the interested parties. If none arespecified, condition samples in accordance with either PracticeE171/E171M or D4332.10. Procedure10.
