1、Standard WeldingProcedure Specification(SWPS) forGas Tungsten ArcWelding withConsumable InsertRoot followed byShielded Metal ArcWelding of CarbonSteel (M-1/P-1/S-1,Group 1 or 2), 1/8through 1-1/2 inchThick, INMs-1, ER70S-2,and E7018, As-Weldedor PWHT Condition,Primarily Pipe ApplicationsSite License
2、AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)An American National StandardAWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)An American National StandardApproved by the American National Standards Institute October 31, 2001Reaffirmed: March 29, 2012 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) forGas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable
3、 Insert Rootfollowed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel(M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick,INMs-1, ER70S-2, and E7018, As-Welded or PWHTCondition, Primarily Pipe Applications3rd EditionSupersedes AWS B2.1-1-211:2000Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) B2 Co
4、mmittee on Procedure and Performance QualificationUnder the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by the AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard contains the essential welding variables for carbon steel in the thickness range of 1/8 through 11/2 inch,using manual gas tungst
5、en arc welding with consumable insert root, followed by shielded metal arc welding. It cites thebase metals and operating conditions necessary to make the weldment, the filler metal specifications, and the allowablejoint designs for groove welds. This SWPS was developed primarily for pipe applicatio
6、ns.International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-692-5American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2002 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaReaffirmed: March 29, 2012 AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)iiAWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Statement on
7、 the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standa
8、rds Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases
9、, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where
10、this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied
11、 viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its stan
12、dards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on thisstandard. AWS also makes no guarantee or wa
13、rranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or e
14、ntity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provision
15、s is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publica-tion of amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editio
16、nsof AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Usersshould ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this sta
17、ndard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have
18、 the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,i
19、n writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex A).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral
20、opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf
21、 of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure
22、 and Performance Qualification.It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom-mendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required andshould be addressed to AWS Hea
23、dquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification and the author of the comments will be informed of theCommittees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee onProcedure and P
24、erformance Qualification to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse deci-sion concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copyof these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeu
25、ne Road, Miami, FL 33126.iiiAWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Personnel (Reaffirmation)AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationJ. J. Fluckiger, Chair Idaho National LaboratoryJ. L. Cooley, Vice Chair J. C. nonmetallic or nonfusing metal retainers are not permittedPOSITIONSPermitted Posit
26、ions: All, except as noted in the Electrical Characteristics tableVertical Progression: UphillPREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURESPreheat Temperature:250F MinimumInterpass Temperature:250F Minimum, 500F MaximumPreheat Maintenance: Continuous or special heating is not requiredGASTorch Shielding Gas: We
27、lding Grade Argon or AWS A5.32 (ISO 14175)-I1-Ar-100Flow Rate: 10 to 25 ft3/hBacking/Root Shielding Gas: Welding Grade Argon or AWS A5.32 (ISO 14175)-I1-Ar-100. Gas shall remain inplace until the joint is completed or at least 3/16 in. weld metal has been deposited.When introducing gas to initiate t
28、he purge, it is necessary to have at least a 6 volumechange of atmosphere within the purge zone prior to welding. As an alternative, theoxygen content of the purge zone shall be 2% or less, as measured with an OxygenAnalyzer, prior to welding.Flow Rate: A typical flow rate of 5 to 15 ft3/h may be va
29、ried depending on component configurationTorch Gas Nozzle Size: 1/4 to 3/4 in. inside diameterTrailing Shield: Not requiredAWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 2 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding Society1M. P. and S numbers for base metal and F and
30、 A numbers for filler metal and weld metal respectively, are as detailed in AWSB2.1/B2.1M and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.2Preheat and interpass temperatures must be sufficient to prevent crack formation. Temperatures above the minimum shown may berequired for highly restrained
31、welds or by the fabrication document(s).AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 3 of 16Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)TUNGSTEN ELECTRODESType: AWS A5.12M/A5.12 (ISO 6848 MOD) or ASME SFA 5.12, EWTh-2, EWCe-2, orEWLa-1.5Size: 1/16 through 1/8 in. diameter sharpened to a pointELECTRICAL CHARAC
32、TERISTICSGROOVE WELDSFiller Metal CurrentLayer Classification Size (in.) AmperesaPolarityRoot INMs-1 1/16, 1/18, or 5/32 65120 DCEN (Straight)2nd Pass ER70S-2b1/16 60100 DCEN (Straight)2nd Pass ER70S-2b3/32 80140 DCEN (Straight)2nd Pass ER70S-2b1/8 100160 DCEN (Straight)Balance E7018c3/32 70100 DCEP
33、 (Reverse)Balance E7018c1/8 115165 DCEP (Reverse)Balance E7018c5/32 150220 DCEP (Reverse)Balance E7018c3/16d200275 DCEP (Reverse)aValues not to exceed capacity of tungsten electrodes.bAn additional layer is optional.cThe care and storage of electrodes shall be as recommended by the electrode manufac
34、turer to ensure that the low-hydrogen characteristics aremaintained.dFlat and Horizontal positions only.Pulsing Current: Not permittedPOSTWELD HEAT TREATMENTPostweld Heat Treatment: Welds may either be as-welded or postweld heat treated at 1100F to 1200F or asrequired by the fabrication document(s).
35、 If heat treated, the heat treatment time shallbe 1 hour per inch of thickness (15 minutes minimum) unless otherwise noted in thefabrication document(s).TECHNIQUEWeave or Stringer Bead: EitherPeening: Not permittedInitial Cleaning: Chemical or mechanical; joint shall be dry prior to weldingInterpass
36、 Cleaning: Mechanical onlyBackgouging: Not required. Mechanical or thermal when used.Single or Multiple Passes: MultipleMaximum Bead Thickness: 1/4 in.Repair: Defects in welds shall be removed by mechanical or thermal methods. The repaircavity may differ in contour and dimension from a normal joint
37、preparation and maypresent different restraint conditions. Repair of base metal defects shall be in accor-dance with the requirements of the fabrication document(s).COMPANY NAME_In the name of the Company stated above, I accept full responsibility for the application of this SWPS for use with:_ Date
38、d _Fabrication Document(s): (such as Code, Specification, or Contract Document)DATE _ APPROVED BY _ TITLE _Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyAWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 4 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted
39、 by the American Welding SocietyStandard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)Figure 1Allowable Joint DesignsGROOVE WELDS: For pipe and tubular products, see Joints 1 through 13. In addition, jointshaving groove designs resulting from end preparations conforming with ASME B16.25, BullWelding Ends,
40、are also allowable for application with this SWPS.JOINT 1JOINT 2fRrafRaAWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 5 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyRffra bJOINT 3Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)Figure 1 (Continued)Allowable Joint
41、DesignsfRraJOINT 4AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 6 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyfRaJOINT 5Rffra bFigure 1 (Continued)Allowable Joint DesignsJOINT 6Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 7 of
42、 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyStandard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)fRraJOINT 7Figure 1 (Continued)Allowable Joint DesignsfRaJOINT 8AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 8 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is
43、granted by the American Welding SocietyStandard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)Rffra bJOINT 9fRaFigure 1 (Continued)Allowable Joint DesignsJOINT 10AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 9 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyStandard Weldi
44、ng Procedure Specification (SWPS)fRraJOINT 11Figure 1 (Continued)Allowable Joint DesignsfRaJOINT 12AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 10 of 16Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyRffra bJOINT 13Figure 1 (Continued)Allowable Joint DesignsMetric Con
45、versionsin. mm F C ft3/h L/min1/32 0.8 50 10 5 2.41/16 1.6 500 260 10 5.03/32 2.4 1100 595 15 7.11/8 3.2 1200 650 25 11.85/32 4.03/16 4.81/4 6.43/4 19.01 25.411/2 38.0Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012)Page 11 of 16Annex A (Informative)Guidelines for Preparatio
46、n of Technical InquiriesThis annex is not part of AWS B2.1-1-211:2001 (R2012), Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, IN
47、Ms-1, ER70S-2, and E7018, As-Welded or PWHT condition, Primarily Pipe Applications, but is included for informational purposes only.Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding SocietyA1. IntroductionThe American Welding Society (AWS) Board of Directorshas ad
48、opted a policy whereby all official interpretations ofAWS standards are handled in a formal manner. Under thispolicy, all interpretations are made by the committee that isresponsible for the standard. Official communication con-cerning an interpretation is directed through the AWS staffmember who wo
49、rks with that committee. The policyrequires that all requests for an interpretation be submittedin writing. Such requests will be handled as expeditiouslyas possible, but due to the complexity of the work and theprocedures that must be followed, some interpretationsmay require considerable time.A2. ProcedureAll inquiri
