1、AWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012An American National StandardSpecification forWelding ofRotating Elementsof EquipmentAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteFebruary 23, 2012Specification for Welding ofRotating Elements of Equipment4th EditionSupers
2、edes AWS D14.6/D14.6M:2005Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard establishes material and workmanship standards for manufacturers, fab
3、ricators, repair organizations, pur-chasers, and owner/operators of rotating equipment which are fabricated or repaired by welding. Included are sectionsdefining process qualifications, operator qualifications, quality control, inspection requirements, and repair requirements.iiAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012
4、International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-806-8American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
5、 or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only o
6、f specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standa
7、rds (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standar
8、ds are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by
9、the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or devi
10、ations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the
11、AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or
12、 to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information
13、published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rel
14、y on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent perso
15、nnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publicationof amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions ofAWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda ar
16、e posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users shouldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any pat
17、ent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are p
18、rinted incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such request
19、s should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex A).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are of
20、fered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unof
21、ficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment. It must bereviewed every five years, and if no
22、t revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and shouldbe addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D14 Commi
23、ttee onMachinery and Equipment and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision conc
24、erning all such comments areprovided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012vAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012Dedicatio
25、nIn MemoriamGordon Earle Cossaboom19252007This edition of AWS D14.6 is dedicated in memory of GordonEarle Cossaboom. Gordon was the chair of the D14.6 stan-dard when it was first published in 1981, and the secondedition in 1996. Gordon was a member of the AWS D14GSubcommittee for about 33 years.Gord
26、on Earle Cossaboom, an AWS Life Member, graduatedfrom the Boston Latin School in 1943. He served in the U.S.Army in Europe during WWII, then returned to Bostonwhere he graduated from Northeastern University with a BSin civil engineering. After receiving his BS degree, he studiedat The Ohio State Uni
27、versity where he earned a MS degree inwelding engineering.In 1954, Cossaboom started his career at General ElectricCompany where he worked for several years. Later, heworked with Westinghouse Electric Company, Syosset, NewYork, and with the Eutectic Corporation. With these weldingequipment manufactu
28、rers, he focused on new product devel-opment and participated in the development of CO2welding.In 1967, he joined American Standards Industrial ProductsDivision in Dearborn, Michigan, as manager of engineering.From 1978 to 1986, Cossaboom worked as a welding engineerfor the Manufacturing and Quality
29、 Division of Gilbert Com-monwealth, Jackson, Michigan. From 1986 to his retirementin 1988, he served on the faculty at Ferris State University asan associate professor in the Welding Technology Depart-ment. He was an AWS member for 54 years and an activemember of the Central Michigan Section.Gordon
30、was awarded the Samuel Wylie Miller MemorialMedal (Posthumous Recognition) in 2007. Gordon died at age82 on January 10, 2007.This page is intentionally blank.viAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012viiAWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012PersonnelAWS D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentT. J. Landon, Chair Chicago Bridge (2) Ade
31、quate initial and sustained performance of welded rotating elements of equipment;(3) Personnel safety;(4) Clear, concise fabrication practices that will be readily understood by the Manufacturer, Fabricator, or RepairOrganization, Fabricator, Owner, and user; and(5) Conservation of human and materia
32、l resources in the fabrication of welded rotating elements of equipment.This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). These measure-ments may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other without combin
33、ingin any way. The specification with the designation D14.6 uses U.S. Customary Units. The specification D14.6M uses SIUnits. The latter are shown in appropriate columns in tables or within brackets ( ) when used in the text.Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard
34、, and therefore are not fully addressed herein.Safety and health information is available from other sources, including, but not limited to ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding,Cutting, and Allied Processes, and applicable federal and state regulations.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain
35、 provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this AWSstandard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subsequentamendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.AISI Steel Specifica
36、tions1AISI no longer publishes steel specifications.1AISI standards can be obtained at www.steel.org.AWS D14.6/D14.6M:20122ASTM Standards2(1) ASTM E 94, Guide for Radiographic Testing(2) ASTM E 164, Recommended Practices for Ultrasonic Contact Examination of Weldments(3) ASTM E 165, Standard Recomme
37、nded Practice for the Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method(4) ASTM E 317, Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing Systemswithout the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments(5) ASTM E 709, Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination(6) ASTM E 747, Practice
38、for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Indicators(IQI) Used for Radiology(7) ASTM E 1025, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-TypeImage Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology(8) ASTM E 1316, Terminology for
39、 Nondestructive ExaminationsASME Standards3(1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:(a) Section V, Nondestructive Examination(b) Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels(c) Section IX, Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers, Welding andBrazing Operators(2) ASME B16
40、.9, Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings(3) ASME B16.11, Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded(4) ASME B16.28, Wrought Steel Butt Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns(5) ASME B31.1, Power Piping(6) ASME B46.1, Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and LayAWS Standards4(1
41、) AWS A1.1, Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Industry(2) AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination(3) AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying(4) AWS A5.
42、32/A5.32M, Specification for Welding Shielding Gases(5) AWS A5.X, For pertinent A5 electrode standards, see Table 1.(6) AWS B2.1/B2.1M, Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification(7) AWS B4.0 and B4.0M, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds(8) AWS D1.1, Structural We
43、lding CodeSteel(9) AWS D14.8M, Standard Methods for the Avoidance of Cold Cracks2ASTM standards are published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O.Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, www.astm.org.3ASME standards are published by the Ame
44、rican Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.4AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road. Miami, FL 33126.3AWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012Table 1Welding Procedure Process VariablesClause Para. VariableSMAW SAW FCAW GMAW GTAW PAW ESW EGW E
45、BWABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABCJoint Design6.71(1)Grove Design XXXXXXXXX(2) Backing X X X(3) Backing (complete joint penetration welds)XXXXXX(4) + Backing X X(5) Fit-up Gap XBase Metal6.7.2 (1) Penetration X(2) Group Number XXXXXXXX(3) Thickness of 5/8 in 16 mm Minimum QualifiedXXXXXX X(4) t Beyond Th
46、ickness QualifiedXXXXXXXXX(5)Pas Thicknes LimtXXXXXX(6) Base Metal Thickness (GMAW-S)X(7) M-Number XXXXXXXXX(8) M-Number from 9-Ato 9-BXXXXXXXXXElectrodes, Filler Metals, and Other Consumables6.7.3 (1) Cross Section or Wire SpeedX(2) Diametr XXXX XX(7) or of Supplementary DeoxidizersX(8) in AWS Flux
47、-Electrode Classification orUnlisted Flux-Electrode ClassificationXX(9) Chemistry by to Supplemental Powder Filler MetalX(23) Chemistry by or Maximum Preheat or Interpass Temperature from That QualifiedXXXXXXPostweld Heat Treatment6.7.6(1) (1) PWHT XXXXXXXXX(2) Solution PWHT for M-8 Base MetalXXXXXX
48、XXXGas6.7.7 (1) Trailing, Chemical Composition, or bothXX(2) from a Single Gas to Any Other Single Gas or a Mixture of Gases,or a Single Change inSpecified Percentageof a Gas CompositionOutside the Tolerances given in AWS A5.32,or Deletion of Shielding GasXXX X(3) Flow Rate XXX X(4) Chemical Composi
49、tion, Flow Rate, or bothX(5) Backing Gas; Flow Rate, Consumption, or bothXXX(6) Environmental XTable 1 (Continued)Welding Procedure Process VariablesClause Para. VariableSMAW SAW FCAW GMAW GTAW PAW ESW EGW EBWABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABC(Continued)5AWS D14.6/D14.6M:2012Electrical Characteristics6.7.8 (1) Current Type (I), Polarity, or Heat inputXXXXXXXX(2) Mode of Metal Transfer X X(3) Pulsed Current X X(4)15% Curent or Voltage XXXXXXX XX(5) Beam Parameters (EBW)X(6) Pulsing Frequency (EBW)X(7) Current Type or PolarityXXXXX XXX
