1、The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterANSI/AWWA D115-06(Revision of ANSI/AWWA D115-95)AWWA StandardEffective date: Sept. 1, 2006.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 17, 1955.This edition approved Feb. 12, 2006.Approved by American National Standards Institute May 16, 2006.Tendon
2、-Prestressed Concrete Water TanksAdvocacyCommunicationsConferencesEducation and TrainingH17012 Science and TechnologySections6666 West Quincy AvenueDenver, CO 80235-3098T 800.926.7337www.awwa.orgiiAWWA StandardThis document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specific
3、ation. AWWA standardsdescribe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normallycontained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of thestandard. Until each optional feature is specified by t
4、he user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWApublication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify,or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent aconsensus
5、 of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revisesor withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertisingsection of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day o
6、f the month following the month of JournalAWWA publication of the official notice.American National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. AnAmerican National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, t
7、he consumer, and the general public. Theexistence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person hasapproved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proceduresnot conforming to the standard. Ameri
8、can National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautionedto obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard areencouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that
9、thegoods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standardindicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withd
10、rawn atany time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than fiveyears from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on allstandards by calling or writing the American National Sta
11、ndards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York,NY 10036; (212) 642-4900.Science and TechnologyAWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technologicalknowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products a
12、nd processes that advance publichealth and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording
13、, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of briefexcerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2006 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USAiiiCommittee PersonnelThe AWWA Standards Committee on Concrete Water Tanks
14、, Tendon-Type Prestressed,which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time ofapproval:Lawrence Thomas, ChairGeneral Interest MembersR.T. Bates, Bates Engineering Inc., Lakewood, Colo. (AWWA)C.A. Close, Bonita, Calif. (AWWA)S.R. Close, Jorgensen theamount of earth co
15、ver over the tank, if any; the height of backfill against the tank wall,if any; and any other special loading conditions that are anticipated or special criteriaon which the tank design is to be based. If, for example, the tank is located in a high-intensity earthquake area and must continue to serv
16、e without damage, the purchasermay specify an importance factor for earthquake design as described in Sec. 4.3.1 orprovide design values for the horizontal acceleration and for the spectrum velocity.6. A groundwater drainage and collection system plan.7. Delivery of electric power and water service
17、to the site.8. Details of other federal, state, local, and provincial requirements (Sec. 2.1).III.A.1. Information Required for Use of This Standard. The items which fol-low are either required information or alternative options in the standard that shouldxiibe considered and covered in the purchase
18、 documents, unless the purchaser intendsthat the choice for a particular option be left to the tank designers discretion.1. The standard used, that is ANSI/AWWA D115, Tendon-Prestressed Con-crete Water Tanks.2. The required tank capacity and either the plan dimensions or operatingwater depth.3. The
19、size, material, location, details, cover depths, and limits of responsibilityof pipe connections.4. The required elevation of the overflow weir and freeboard requirements.5. The size, material, arrangement and location of the overflow pipe.6. Finish grade relative to the tank foundation. (Are the ta
20、nk walls to be com-pletely exposed, partially buried, or completely buried?)7. Aboveground exterior concrete coatings or additional shotcrete cover, ifrequired (Sec. 2.12.1 and Sec. 5.4.3).8. Below-grade concrete coatings, if required (Sec. 2.12.2).9. Design loading conditions (Sec. 3.3.1, Sec. 3.3.
21、2, Sec. 3.3.3, and Sec. 3.3.4).10. Type of roof structure required: flat with column supports or domed (Sec.3.8, Sec. 3.9, and Sec. 3.10).11. Freeze protection requirements (Sec. 3.12).12. Tank Appurtenances required:a. Whether a removable silt stop is required.b. Arrangement of inletoutlet piping,
22、including cover depths (Sec. 3.13.1).c. Whether baffles are required (Sec. 3.13.1).d. Encasement of piping beneath the floor slab (Sec. 3.13.1.3).e. Design rates of inflow and outflow for design of overflow and ventsystems (Sec. 3.13.2.1 and 3.13.3.2).f. Tank drain line (Sec. 3.13.2.3).g. Water leve
23、l gauge or pressure sensor (Sec. 3.13.2.4).h. Required roof openings and hatches (Sec. 3.13.3).i. Roof ventilator requirements (Sec. 3.13.3.2).j. Access ladder and stair requirements (Sec. 3.13.4).13. Details of other federal, state, local, and provincial requirements (Sec. 2.1).14. Seismic Importan
24、ce Factor (Table 1) (Sec. 4.1).15. Seismic Soil Profile Coefficient (Table 3) from geotechnical foundation sur-vey provided by the purchaser (Sec. 4.1).xiii16. Seismic Zone Classification (Table 4 and Uniform Building Code) (Sec. 4.1).17. Type of shotcrete finish (Sec. 5.4.5.9).18. Watertightness cr
25、iteria (Sec. 6.1.4).IV. Modification of Standard. Any modification of the provisions, defini-tions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.V. Major Revisions. The second edition of this standard incorporates thefollowing major revisions:1. The Standard ANSI/AWWA D115 title
26、 is changed from “Circular PrestressedConcrete Water Tanks With Circumferential Tendons” to “Tendon-Prestressed Con-crete Water Tanks.”2. The scope of the standard is expanded to include rectangular and other non-circular shapes as may be applicable (oblong, rectangular with rounded corners, etc.)an
27、d to allow the use of unbonded tendons as provided for in this standard.3. Section 1 references have been updated.4. Section 2 material standards are updated for cement grout, aggregates,admixtures, reinforcement, sheathing, bearing pads, and shrinkage compensatinggrout.5. Section 3 design standards
28、 are updated for wall footings, floors, walls, verti-cal reinforcement, construction joints, and concrete and shotcrete cover.6. Section 4 seismic design calculations are removed from the standard andreplaced with references to appropriate ACI on Standards.7. Section 5 construction procedures are up
29、dated for tendon ducts, grouting,and shotcreting.VI. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,please call the AWWA Volunteer com-monly seven-wire strands, bars, or groups of strands.h. Sheathing: Extruded polyethylene or polypropylene enclosures in whichgreased, post-tensi
30、oning tendons are encased and waterproofed.i. Unbonded tendon: A tendon encased in a corrosion-inhibiting material(grease) and a sheathing that is not bonded continuously to the concrete section butanchored at each end after prestressing. Tendons may be unbonded to the extentallowed by ACI 350.15. W
31、aterstop: An impervious barrier installed to prevent passage of waterthrough a construction or expansion joint between adjacent elements of concrete orshotcrete construction.Sec. 1.3 ReferencesReferences identified refer to the latest revision available. The following is a listof references used in
32、this AWWA standard:ACI 301Specifications for Structural Concrete.ACI 302.1RGuide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction.ACI 304RGuide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete.ACI 305RHot Weather Concreting.ACI 306RCold Weather Concreting.ACI 308Standard Practice for Curing Concret
33、e.TENDON-PRESTRESSED CONCRETE WATER TANKS 5ACI 318Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Com-mentary.ACI 347Guide to Formwork for Concrete.ACI 350Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering ConcreteStructures and Commentary.ACI 350.3Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete St
34、ructures.ACI 372WDesign and Construction of Circular Wire and Strand WrappedPrestressed Concrete Structures and Commentary.ACI 373Design and Construction of Circular Prestressed Concrete Structureswith Circumferential Tendons.ACI 423.6Specification for Unbonded Single-Strand Tendons and Com-mentary.
35、ACI 503.2Standard Specification for Bonding Plastic Concrete to HardenedConcrete with a Multi-Component Epoxy Adhesive.ACI 504RGuide to Joint Sealants in Concrete Structures.ACI 506RGuide to Shotcrete.ACI 506.2Specification for Shotcrete.ACI SP-2ACI Manual of Concrete Inspection.ANSI*/AWWA C652Disin
36、fection of Water-Storage Facilities.ASCE7Minimum Design Load(s) for Buildings and Other Structures.ASTMA416Standard Specification for Steel Strand Uncoated Seven-Wirefor Prestressed Concrete.ASTM A475Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Wire Strand.ASTM A586Standard Specification for Zinc-Co
37、ated Parallel and Helical SteelWire Structural Strand.ASTM A603Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Structural WireRope.ASTM A615Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-SteelBars for Concrete Reinforcement.*American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor
38、, New York, NY 10036.American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191.ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.6AWWA D115-06ASTM A722Standard Specifications for Uncoated High-Strength Steel Barfor Prestressed Concrete.ASTM A775Standard Sp
39、ecification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Bars Reinforcing.ASTM A882Standard Specification for Filled Epoxy-Coated Seven-WirePrestressing Steel Strand.ASTM C260Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures forConcrete.ASTM C494Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.ASTM C881Stan
40、dard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systemsfor Concrete.ASTM C882Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-ResinSystems Used with Concrete By Slant Shear.ASTM C900Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of HardenedConcrete.ASTM C920Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sea
41、lants.ASTM C928Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-HardeningCementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs.ASTM C939Standard Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method).ASTM D395Standard Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression Set.ASTM D695Standard
42、Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlastics.ASTM D1056Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials-Spongeor Expanded Rubber.ASTM D1752Standard Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber andCork Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction.ASTM D2000Sta
43、ndard Classification System for Rubber Products inAutomotive Applications.ASTM D2240Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness.ASTM D4258Standard Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating.ASTM D4259Standard Practice for Abrading Concrete.Fed. Spec.*SS-S-210ASealing Compound f
44、or Expansion Joints.*Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120.TENDON-PRESTRESSED CONCRETE WATER TANKS 7PCI*Manual 116Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production ofStructural Precoat.PTIField Procedures Manual for Unbonded Single Strand Tendons.PTI Manua
45、l for Certification of Plants Producing Unbonded Single StrandTe n d o n s .PTI Post-Tensioned Commercial and Industrial Floors.PTI Post-Tensioning Manual.PTI Specification for Grouting of Post-Tensioned Structures.PTI Specification for Unbonded Single Strand Tendons.US Army Corps of Engineers Spec.
46、 CRD-C572Specification for PVCWaterstops.ICBOUniform Building Code.SECTION 2: MATERIALSSec. 2.1 MaterialsMaterials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Actand other federal requirements.Sec. 2.2 Concrete and Shotcrete2.2.1 General. The quality of concrete or shotcrete is of
47、great importance toa tendon tanks structural integrity and watertightness. Therefore, care shall be takenthroughout the construction to maintain close quality control of the materials,proportions, forming, embedded items, placement, finishing, curing, and otherdetails of the work. In the context of
48、watertightness, the aggregates used in concreteand shotcrete are impermeable and the permeability coefficient of cement pastehaving a watercement ratio of 0.45 is about 1014m/s (appendix A, ref. 12). Thisrenders uncracked, properly placed concrete and shotcrete essentially impermeable,less than 1 ga
49、l per year (3.78 L/year) through the walls and floor of a typical 5-milgal tank (18.9-ML).*Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 209 W. Jackson Blvd., Ste. 500, Chicago, IL 60606.Post-Tensioning Institute, 8601 North Black Canyon Highway, Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021.International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 Workman Mill Road, Whittier, CA 90601.8AWWA D115-06Concrete and shotcrete in water tanks that will be in contact with the storedwater shall:1. Be dense and of very low permeability in order to retain water, minim
