1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1133-15: 1991 Packaging code Section 15: Tensional strappingBS1133-15:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Board and comes into effe
2、ct on 28 June 1991 BSI 07-1999 First published December 1943 Second edition July 1949 Third edition April 1967 Fourth edition February 1975 Fifth edition November 1985 Sixth edition June 1991 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/572 Draft for comm
3、ent 90/39663 DC ISBN 0 580 19488 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/572, upon which the following bodies were represented: Adhe
4、sive Tape Manufacturers Association British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Footwear Manufacturers Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation British Plastics Federation British Ports Association and the National Association of Ports Employers British Steel Industry British Ste
5、el Industry (Wire Section) British Telecommunications plc British Tensional Strapping Association Cordage Manufacturers Institute Department of Trade and Industry Food and Drink Federation Her Majestys Stationery Office Ministry of Defence Packaging and Industrial Films Association Packaging Distrib
6、utors Association Pira (the Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) Pressure Sensitive Manufacturers Association Soap and Detergent Industry Association Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1133
7、15:1991 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 General 1 3 Materials 1 4 Types of equipment 1 5 Methods of jointing under tension 3 6 Strength of joint 3 7 Physical properties and usage characteristics 4 8 Application 5 9 Choice of tensional st
8、rapping 5 Figure 1 Strapping of wooden boxes and cases and solid and corrugated fibreboard packing cases 6 Figure 2 Unitizing 7 Figure 3 Strapping of a unitized load 7 Figure 4 Skid packing 8 Figure 5 Palletizing drums for export shipment 8 Figure 6 Strapping of a palletized load of sacks 9 Figure 7
9、 Strapping of linoleum rolls on a pallet 10 Figure 8 Strapping of building materials 11 Figure 9 Partial crating 12 Figure 10 Baling and bundling 12 Figure 11 Strapping of a fibreboard bale 13 Figure 12 Tensional steel strapping securing a case of accessories (overwrapped in bituminous paper) to the
10、 base of an export packing case 13 Table 1 Surface finishes for tensional steel strapping 2 Table 2 Surface finishes for non-metallic tensional strapping 2 Table 3 Types of equipment 3 Table 4 Typical tensile properties of tensional steel strapping 4 Table 5 Typical properties of non-metallic strapp
11、ing 4 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS1133-15:1991 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This revision of this Section of BS1133, which has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, supersedes BS1133-15:1985, which is withdrawn. Section 15
12、was first published in1943and subsequently revised in1949,1967,1975and1985. This revision takes account of the tensional strapping currently available. The information given in this Section is intended as a general guide. Tensional strapping has such varied applications that the particular type and
13、strength of strapping and its method of use has to be related to the individual circumstances, and no detailed guidance can be given. The packaging code now consists of the following Sections all of which are published separately with the exception of Sections 1 to 3 which are published in one volum
14、e. Sections 1 to 3: Introduction to packaging; Section 4: Mechanical aids in package handling; Section 5: Protection against spoilage of packages and their contents by micro-organisms, insects, mites and rodents; Section 6: Temporary protection of metal surfaces against corrosion (during transport a
15、nd storage); Section 7: Paper and board wrappers, bags and containers; Subsection 7.1: Wrapping papers; Subsection 7.2: Bags and envelopes; Subsection 7.3: Cartons and boxes; Subsection 7.4: Fibreboard drums; Subsection 7.5: Fibreboard cases and fitments; Subsection 7.6: Moulded pulp packaging; Subs
16、ection 7.7: Composite containers; Section 8: Wooden containers; Section 10: Metal containers; Subsection 10.1: Tins and cans; Subsection 10.2: Metal drums; Subsection 10.3: Metal collapsible tubes; Section 12: Methods of protection against shock (excluding cushioning devices); Section 14: Adhesive c
17、losing and sealing tapes; Section 16: Adhesives for packaging; Section 18: Glass containers and closures; Subsection 1: Terminology; Section 19: Use of desiccants in packaging; Section 21: Regenerated cellulose film, plastics films, aluminium foil and flexible laminates; Section 22: Packaging in pla
18、stics containers.BS1133-15:1991 BSI 07-1999 iii Section 9 “Textile bags, sacks and wrappings”, Section 11 “Packaging felt”, Section 17 “Wicker and veneer baskets” and Section 20 “Packaging for air freight excluding livestock” were withdrawn as obsolete. Section 13 “Twines and cords for packaging” is
19、 obsolescent. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This docum
20、ent comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS1133
21、15:1991 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS1133gives guidance on the selection and use of steel and non-metallic tensional strapping. The term steel strapping covers flat band strapping and wire of round, oval or flat section. Non-metallic strapping covers weftless tapes and extruded thermopla
22、stics tapes. NOTE 1BS4853 specifies the breaking strength and dimensional tolerances of steel strapping and gives guidance on surface finishes of steel strapping. BS6975specifies the dimensional tolerances and tensile properties of thermoplastics and weftless (textile) strapping and gives guidance o
23、n surface finishes available. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 General 2.1 Applications Tensional strapping is applied to packages by semi-automatic, automatic, or automated equipment (see clause4) and tied or sealed while under
24、 tension. It may be applied to wooden boxes, crates, solid and corrugated fibreboard packaging cases, bundles, bales, palletized and unitized loads, to manufacturing processes, and as a safety factor in internal handling,e.g.temporary banding. 2.2 Purpose Many of the recommendations set out in other
25、 Sections of BS1133provide for the use of tensional strapping, applied correctly, as an integral part of the container or package. Some reasons for this are as follows: a) it reinforces and strengthens packages, protecting them against the hazards of transportation, thus assisting and ensuring safe
26、arrival at destination; b) it allows economies to be effected in load constructions and on other packaging materials; c) it renders the contents of the packages less liable to pilferage; d) it may be used as a method of closure or of reinforcing the closure. In addition, certain conditions experienc
27、ed in handling and transit require the use of strapping as an additional safeguard,e.g.load restraint. NOTESome grades of tensional steel strapping are also designed to be used for mechanical lifting purposes (see BS 4853). 2.3 Choice of strapping In determining the size, number and type of straps t
28、o be used, consideration should be given to the shape, size and distribution of mass of the package or load, the material from which it is made, and the handling, storage and transport conditions likely to be encountered. 3 Materials 3.1 Steel strapping BS4853 specifies the types of steel strapping
29、available.Table 1 gives the available surface finishes for the various types of steel strapping. 3.2 Non-metallic strapping 3.2.1 General BS6975 specifies the types of non-metallic strapping available. 3.2.2 Weftless strapping Weftless strapping consists of continuous strands of high tensile textile
30、 material laid side by side, and bonded together with suitable adhesives. Thickness varies according to the density of yarn used in its construction. Weftless strapping is generally available in widths from 6mm to25mm. 3.2.3 Thermoplastics strapping Thermoplastics strapping is an extrusion, generall
31、y of rectangular cross section, in which high tensile strength has been developed by orientation. Thermoplastics strapping is generally available in widths ranging from 5mm to25mm and various thicknesses. 3.2.4 Surface finishes Table 2 gives the available surface finishes for the different types of
32、non-metallic strapping. 4 Types of equipment The types of equipment generally available and the types of strapping with which they are normally used are listed inTable 3. There is a full range of options with various degrees of mechanization with additional options, if required. The advice and guida
33、nce of manufacturers are offered freely in evaluating the requirements of a given strapping application and recommending suitable systems. Within the types of equipment set out in Table 3 there are obviously special features designed for specialized applications as well as secondary factors which wi
34、ll enhance standard equipment. Suppliers will provide the detailed information upon which a choice can be made.BS1133-15:1991 2 BSI 07-1999 Semi-automatic, automatic and automated types of strapping equipment are classified as follows. a) Semi-automatic. Machinery, generally static, which does not h
35、ave a fixed track for feeding strapping around the article to be strapped. Feeding is by hand, the machine operator placing the leading end of a strap into the mechanism so that the remaining operations of the cycle, i.e.tensioning, sealing and cutting off, can be completed. b) Automatic. Machinery
36、with a fixed track for feeding the strapping. All operations of the complete strapping cycle are carried out on activation of the start control. c) Automated. Automatic machinery with additional electronic or other controls and a powered method of presenting packs to the strapping machine. An automa
37、ted system could be capable, without the presence of an operator, of controlling the input flow of packs, strapping them at the correct points for the requisite number of straps to be applied (at predetermined positions), activating the strapping machine and ejecting the strapped pack. Automation is
38、 a control system of variable sophistication, according to the requirements of the user and the strapping application. Table 1 Surface finishes for tensional steel strapping Table 2 Surface finishes for non-metallic tensional strapping Surface finish Cold rolled Hot rolled Wire Stainless steel Natur
39、al Bright Blued Blued and waxed Painted Painted and waxed Electro-zinc galvanized Hot-dipped galvanized Close-wiped galvanized Copper coated Printed NOTEThis table, whilst intended to be helpful and informative, does not guarantee that the particular size, quality and finish desired is in normal com
40、mercial production and users are advised to check with their supplier before ordering. Surface finish Weftless strapping Thermoplastic strapping Viscose Polyester Polypropylene Polyester Natural Coloured Smooth Embossed Plain Printed BS1133-15:1991 BSI 07-1999 3 Table 3 Types of equipment 5 Methods
41、of jointing under tension 5.1 Description 5.1.1 Sealing (separate seal) The two ends of the strapping are brought together and secured by a seal, clip or fastener. 5.1.2 Seal-less joint The two ends of the strapping are brought together and jointed by a method not involving the use of a separate sea
42、l,e.g.cutting and interlocking. 5.1.3 Welding The two ends of the strapping are fused together by the application of heat. 5.1.4 Friction welding The two ends of the strapping are welded together by means of pressure and heat generated by rubbing one against the other. 5.1.5 Buckling The two ends of
43、 the strapping are brought together and held by buckles of metal or plastics. 5.1.6 Tying The two ends of the strapping are twisted together, either mechanically or by hand. NOTEThis method includes preformed knotting. 5.2 Applicability 5.2.1 Flat steel band The methods used for jointing flat steel
44、strapping are sealing, seal-less joint and welding. 5.2.2 Steel wire The method used for jointing steel wire is tying. 5.2.3 Weftless tape The methods used for jointing weftless tape are sealing and buckling. 5.2.4 Thermoplastics strip The methods used for jointing thermoplastics strapping are seali
45、ng, welding, friction welding and buckling. 6 Strength of joint Figures currently available for seal strengths vary considerably depending upon the type of seal, the type of tensional strapping and the dimensions of the strap. These figures, ranging from 50 % to 100 % of the strength of the parent s
46、trap, are not considered to be meaningful in terms of performance under service conditions because of the varying ability of the strap to absorb impact forces. Hence, the type of joint employed will depend more upon the desired method of application and the preferred strap. In general, the joint str
47、ength should be not less than50 % of the strength of the parent strap for non-metallic strapping and not less than 65 % for metallic strapping. Equipment Cold rolled Hot rolled Wire Stainless steel Weftless Thermoplastic Hand operated Power assisted, portable Fully powered, portable Semi-automatic m
48、achines Automatic machines Automated machines Semi-automatic pack compression Automatic machines with pack compression Custom built automatic systems NOTESuppliers should be consulted to advise on the suitability of strapping to meet the requirements of specific application equipment.BS1133-15:1991
49、4 BSI 07-1999 7 Physical properties and usage characteristics 7.1 General The following properties of tensional strapping will have a bearing on the choice for a particular application: 7.2 Tensile strength and elongation Data on the tensile strength of the various types of tensional steel strapping are given inTable 4. For non-metallic ten
