1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1133-21: 1991 Packaging code Section 21: Regenerated cellulose film, films made of plastics, aluminium foil, flexible multilayer structures and metallized materialsBS1133-21:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containe
2、rs Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 30 August 1991 BSI 02-1999 First published June 1964 Second edition August 1976 Third edition August 1991 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee refere
3、nce PKM/571 Draft for comment 90/35778 DC ISBN 0 580 19436 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/571 upon which the following bodi
4、es were represented: Aluminium Federation Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry British Aluminium Foil Rollers Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation British Plastics Federation Coated Paper and Board Makers Association Dairy Trade Federation Department of Health Depart
5、ment of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Flexible Packaging Association Food and Drink Federation Her Majestys Stationery Office Institute of Purchasing and Supply Milk Marketing Board Ministry of Defence Pira International Packaging and Industrial Films Association Retail B
6、ag Manufacturers Association Society of Dairy Technology Sterilization Packaging Materials Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1133-21:1991 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Safety aspects 1 3 Regenerated
7、 cellulose film 1 4 Polyethylene film 7 5 Polypropylene film 11 6 Polyvinyl chloride film and sheet 13 7 Polyester film 16 8 Films of other plastics 18 9 Aluminium foil 21 10 Multilayer structures 24 11 Metallized materials 26 Appendix A Abbreviations for polymer names used in this standard 31 Figur
8、e 1 Diagram of apparatus for the determination of jawstick properties of film 6 Figure 2 Diagram of a typical metallizer 27 Table 1 Tensile strength and elongation at break of cellulose film 5 Table 2 Bursting strength of cellulose film 5 Table 3 Classification of polyethylene film 7 Table 4 Typical
9、 properties of polyethylene film 10 Table 5 Typical properties of polypropylene films 12 Table 6 Typical properties of rigid and flexible PVC film and sheet 14 Table 7 Typical properties of polyester film 17 Table 8 Typical properties of 25 mm PVOH and EVOH film 18 Table 9 Typical properties of 25 m
10、m vinylidene chloride copolymer film 19 Table 10 Typical properties of 25 mm nylon film 20 Table 11 Typical properties of 25 mm polystyrene film 20 Table 12 Typical properties of RMHNR films 20 Table 13 Covering area of aluminium foil 21 Table 14 End uses for unsupported and laminated aluminium foil
11、 in packaging 22 Table 15 Properties obtained from various materials used in multilayer structures 25 Table 16 Typical multilayer structures and their applications 26 Table 17 Typical barrier properties of metallized materials 29 Table 18 Properties and applications of metallized double layer struct
12、ures 29 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS1133-21:1991 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword This Section of BS1133 was prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee. It constitutes a revision of, and supersedes, BS1133-21:1976 which is withdrawn. This
13、 revision brings Section21 up-to-date. It includes a new clause on metallized materials and information concerning linear low density polyethylene. The clause on polystyrene film has been incorporated into the clause on films of other plastics, which now also includes information on polyvinyl alcoho
14、l and its copolymers, nitrile polymers and certain acrylonitrile polymers. Information on polyester films has been separated from the clause on films of other plastics. The commercial codes for various types of regenerated cellulose film have been aligned with European codes. BS1133 now consists of
15、the following Sections all of which are published separately with the exception of Sections1 to3 which are published in one volume. Sections 1 to 3: Introduction to packaging; Section 4: Mechanical aids in package handling; Section 5: Protection against spoilage of packages and their contents by mic
16、ro-organisms, insects, mites and rodents; Section 6: Protection of metal surfaces against corrosion during transport and storage; Subsection 6.1: Cleaning and drying of metal surfaces; Subsection 6.2: Temporary protectives and their application; Section 7: Paper and board wrappers, bags and containe
17、rs; Subsection 7.1: Wrapping papers; Subsection 7.2: Bags and envelopes; Subsection 7.3: Cartons and boxes; Subsection 7.4: Fibreboard drums; Subsection 7.5: Fibreboard cases and fitments; Subsection 7.6: Moulded pulp packaging; Subsection 7.7: Composite containers; Section 8: Wooden boxes, cases an
18、d crates; Section 10: Metal containers; Subsection 10.1: Tins and cans; Subsection 10.2: Metal drums; Subsection 10.3: Metal collapsible tubes; Section 12: Methods of protection against shock (excluding cushioning devices); Section 13: Twines and cord for packaging; Section 14: Adhesive closing and
19、sealing tapes; Section 15: Tensional strapping; Section 16: Adhesives for packaging; Section 18: Packaging in glass; Section 19: Use of desiccants in packaging; Section 21: Regenerated cellulose film, films made of plastics, aluminium foil, flexible multilayer structures and metallized materials; Se
20、ction 22: Packaging in plastics containers.BS1133:21:1991 BSI 02-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer
21、immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in
22、the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS1133-21:1991 BSI 02-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS1133 gives a general description of, and provides information on, nomenclature, availability, properties, end uses and methods of test for regenerated cellulose film, films made of plastics, a
23、luminium foil and metallized materials, and gives general guidance on the use of these materials in flexible multilayer structures. NOTE 1Abbreviations for polymer names used in this Section of BS1133 are given inAppendix A. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this Section of BS1133
24、are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Safety aspects 2.1 Bags made of flexible plastics for toys or their parts Under the Toys (Safety) Regulations,1989SI No1275, the packaging in which toys or their parts are contained should not present risk of strangulation or suffocation. Bags made of flexible
25、plastics, which are used for packaging toys and which have an opening perimeter greater than 380mm, have to have an average sheet thickness not less than 0.038mm, and their means of closing cannot be a drawstring or cord. The average thickness is determined from measurements taken at10 places on the
26、 diagonal of a sample sheet. This requirement for thickness does not apply to the following: a) shrunk-on film packaging, which is normally destroyed when the packaging is opened by the user; b) bags made of perforated film, which makes it possible for the child to breathe through the film, and whic
27、h is unable to form a vacuum and stick to the face of the child. To comply with this requirement an area of maximum dimensions30mm 30mm has to have a minimum hole area of1%. 2.2 Bags made of flexible plastics for items other than toys or their parts It is strongly recommended that, whenever the cont
28、ents of the bag allow, bags which have an opening perimeter greater than380mm and are made from flexible plastics having a thickness less than0.038mm, should be perforated (see item b) of2.1). It is also recommended that bags which have an opening perimeter greater than380mm and are made from flexib
29、le plastics having a thickness less than0.038mm, should be conspicuously marked with a suitable warning to the effect that the bag should be kept away from babies and children to avoid risk of suffocation. The Packaging and Industrial Film Association recommend the following general warning: PLASTIC
30、 BAGS CAN BE DANGEROUS. TO AVOID DANGER OF SUFFOCATION KEEP THIS BAG AWAY FROM BABIES AND CHILDREN. For cot and perambulator mattresses and pillows (see BS1877-10) the following warning is recommended: TO AVOID DANGER OF SUFFOCATION REMOVE THIS PLASTICS COVER BEFORE USING THIS ARTICLE. THIS COVER SH
31、OULD THEN BE DESTROYED OR KEPT AWAY FROM BABIES AND CHILDREN. 2.3 Films made from plastics for use in contact with food The Materials and Articles in Contact with Food Regulations,1987SI No1523 specify an upper limit for the vinyl chloride monomer content of film made from plastics and an upper limi
32、t for the vinyl chloride monomer transferable to foods with which the film made from plastics comes into contact. These Regulations also specify the methods of analysis by which the vinyl chloride monomer content or the amount transferable to food is determined. The European Directive90/128/EEC rela
33、tes specifically to materials made from plastics intended to come into contact with food. 2.4 Regenerated cellulose film for use in contact with food The Materials and Articles in Contact with Food Regulations,1987SI No1523 specify requirements for regenerated cellulose film, which include requireme
34、nts for transferable adhesive, colourant, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether, and ethanediol, and specify permitted substances from which regenerated cellulose film has to be manufactured if it is for use in contact with food. 3 Regenerated cellulose film 3.1 General description Cellulose film is a thin, flex
35、ible, transparent material derived from wood pulp, a natural fibrous form of cellulose. The wood pulp is first converted into an alkaline solution of cellulose xanthate (“viscose”), which is subsequently extruded through a long, thin casting die into an acid bath, where it is regenerated chemically
36、into a continuous transparent web of non-fibrous cellulose. The film may be pigmented or dyed during manufacture.BS1133-21:1991 2 BSI 02-1999 In addition to cellulose, the regenerated web contains glycerine and/or other humectant softeners, to impart flexibility to a level that is controlled by vary
37、ing the proportion of chemical softener(s), in accordance with the specific end use requirements. The film also contains a small proportion of moisture, the amount of which varies with the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere and which exerts a considerable influence on the film performan
38、ce. The film is normally made to be in equilibrium with an atmosphere having a relative humidity of40% to50% and needs to be maintained in this condition for optimum performance, which is why the manufacturers supply the film in moisture resistant wrappings and attach such importance to correct stor
39、age. For the majority of applications, the basic cellulose film has to be further processed to give it moisture resistance and heat-sealability. For this purpose a thin coating is applied, usually to both sides of the film. A proportion of the film is sold in its original uncoated non moisture resis
40、tant form. Three basic types of coating are in general use, based on nitrocellulose, copolymers of vinylidene chloride, and copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. The standard nitrocellulose coating contains paraffin wax, plasticizers and other additives, suitably compounded to give high in
41、itial moisture resistance, heat-sealing properties, printability and low surface friction. It can be modified slightly to minimize or eliminate the heat-seal properties of the film, or to reduce the degree of moisture resistance. The vinylidene chloride copolymer coatings give more permanent moistur
42、e resistance during use, being more resistant to abrasion, creasing, heat-sealing, printing and the effect of greases and oils, including essential oils, all of which can cause a reduction in moisture resistance of nitrocellulose coatings. Two separate types of vinylidene chloride copolymer-coated f
43、ilm are produced, distinguished according to whether the coating is applied from a solution or from a water dispersion of the copolymer. The latter type has the higher level of moisture resistance because the method of application does not impose solubility limitations and thus enables an inherently
44、 more moisture resistant copolymer to be used. The vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer coatings have been developed for the packaging of products requiring a moisture permeable coating whilst retaining most of the other parameters present in vinylidene chloride copolymer coatings. Film coated on
45、one side only, with either nitrocellulose or copolymer, are also produced, mainly for laminating and extrusion coating applications. 3.2 Nomenclature The basic coated and uncoated cellulose films described in3.1 are all available in many grades, which, although superficially very much alike, vary si
46、gnificantly in thickness, base film flexibility and/or coating composition, to satisfy different end use requirements. A system of nomenclature is used to designate these different types by means of commercial codes comprising combinations of letters and numbers made up of three or four separate ele
47、ments as follows. a) A number indicating the approximate substance of the finished film, inmg/dm 2to the nearest 5mg/dm 2(subject to a manufacturing tolerance, see3.6.3). b) One or more letters denoting the basic type of film: c) One or more additional letters indicating special characteristics: P n
48、on-moisture resistant; M nitrocellulose-coated on both sides; QM nitrocellulose-coated on both sides but less moisture resistant than M; DM nitrocellulose-coated on one side; MXXT/W polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer-coated by aqueous dispersion on both sides; XS PVDC copolymer-coated by solve
49、nt process on both sides; MXDT/W PVDC copolymer-coated by aqueous dispersion on one side; DXS PVDC copolymer-coated by solvent process on one side; W polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/polyvinyl acetate copolymer-coated on both sides. B opaque; C coloured (followed by the name of the colour); F for twist wrapping; S heat-sealable; T for cigarette overwrapping; U unsized (film for adhesive tape manufacture); V high surface slip (uncoated film only).BS1133-21:1991 BSI 02-1999 3 d) A suffix number may be included, indicating special features of man
