1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 2081-1:1998 ICS 91.140
2、.70 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Closets for use with chemicals Part 1: Specification for portable closetsBS 2081-1:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published
3、 under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1998 BSI 1998 First published January 1954 Second edition March 1976 Third edition December 1978 Fourth edition April 1980 Fifth edition December 1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard
4、: Committee reference B/505/40 Draft for comment 96/105599 DC ISBN 0 580 28219 8 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/505, Wastewater engineerin
5、g, to Subcommittee B/505/40, Wastewater treatment plants, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Precast Concrete Federation Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Building Research Establishment) Insti
6、tution of Civil Engineers Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: The Caravan Club Individual Manufacturers Inland Waterways Association National Caravan CouncilBS 2081-1:1998 BSI 19
7、98 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Instructions for use 1 5 Marking 1 6 Design, construction and dimensions 2 7 Materials and workmanship 2 Annex A (normative) Load test on the closet assembly 4 Anne
8、x B (normative) Impact tests on the seat and cover 4 Annex C (normative) Chemical resistance tests 4 Annex D (normative) Water absorption tests on the seat and cover 4 Annex E (normative) Staining test on the cover and the seat 5 Annex F (normative) Test for the flushing mechanism 5 Annex G (normati
9、ve) Strength test for handles and fixings 5ii BSI 1998 BS 2081-1:1998 Foreword This part of BS 2081 has been prepared by Subcommittee B/505/40, Wastewater treatment plants. It supersedes BS 2081-1:1980, which is withdrawn. Parts 1 and 2 of BS 2081 have been revised to reflect current practice in the
10、 provision and use of chemical closets. Part 1 deals specifically with portable chemical closets (i.e. closets which may be carried by one person without spillage when filled to their effective working capacity). Part 2 deals specifically with permanently installed closets (i.e. closets which requir
11、e special tools to remove them from their installed position). In order to allow the use of new materials and manufacturing methods in the future, this standard specifies performance requirements rather than precise materials and dimensions, except insofar as they are necessary for interchangeabilit
12、y. Part 3 of this standard is in preparation. It will be a code of practice, relating to the safe use, handling and storage of the chemicals used in chemical closets, and in particular will provide guidance on the safe disposal of wastes from chemical closets. Annexes A to G of this standard are nor
13、mative. Aircraft applications are specialized and remain outside the scope of this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of
14、 itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. BSI 1998 1 BS 2081-1:1998 1) Marking BS 2081-1:1998 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of c
15、onformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity. 1 Scope This standard specifie
16、s performance requirements and test methods for portable chemical closets. It covers only those closets which may be used for the following applications: a) camping sites, caravan sites and marinas; b) caravans and motor caravans; c) small boats; d) remote facilities without access to other forms of
17、 drainage. It does not cover closet installations in aircraft. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
18、of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 2893:1989, Specification for chemical preparations for portable and transportable chemical closets. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 2081, the
19、following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 chemical closet sanitary appliance comprising integral or holding waste container, cover, seat, bowl and handle(s), designed to receive and contain human excreta to be treated by chemicals 3.2 portable chemical closet a chemical closet having an effective w
20、orking capacity of not more than 20 l which has not been permanently installed 3.3 effective waste capacity maximum capacity in litres which the waste container is designed to hold 3.4 manufacturer chemical closet manufacturer 3.5 excreta human body wastes 3.6 flushing closet closet with a built-in
21、pumped flushing facility which can be flushed from a position separate from the waste container 4 Instructions for use Closets shall be provided with instructions for use, which shall include: a) information regarding the chemicals to be used, including the dosage and the method and frequency of cha
22、rging and emptying the waste container; b) information on the use, cleaning and maintenance of the closet; c) information on the precautions to be taken when handling chemical preparations, including a warning that the mixing of incompatible chemicals may produce toxic results; d) advice and guidanc
23、e relating to the safe disposal of closet wastes. 5 Marking Closets shall be permanently marked in a readily visible position with the following information: a) the number of this British Standard 1) ; b) the manufacturers name or registered identification mark; c) the specified chemical(s) to be us
24、ed; d) the word “portable”; e) the effective waste capacity in litres.2 BSI 1998 BS 2081-1:1998 6 Design, construction and dimensions 6.1 General The closet shall be so designed and constructed that it shall be capable of containing the excreta and the chemical preparation specified by the manufactu
25、rer in accordance with BS 2893, and without ventilation limit the odour. When used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, the design and finish of the product shall present no risk of personal injury or damage to clothing. The total height above the base to the top face of
26、 the seat, excluding any cover, shall be not less than 300 mm and not more than 490 mm. 6.2 Waste container The waste container shall have an effective working capacity of not more than 20 l. The closet shall be so constructed that all solid and liquid excreta is directed into the waste container. W
27、here a removable waste container is provided it shall be fitted with a means to facilitate handling without spillage. The design of the waste container shall be free from features, fittings or internal structures which obstruct cleansing. If it includes an inner or detachable container, this shall b
28、e easily removable. All working parts shall be removable for servicing. The waste container shall be fitted with an indicator to show when it is more than 75 % full by volume. The indicator shall be visible from a standing position in front of the unit. 6.3 Handles The waste container, whether a sep
29、arate unit or part of the base unit of the appliance, shall be provided with an attached carrying handle(s) by which the unit may be carried without risk of spillage of the contents. Handles shall be positioned so as not to be fouled by the contents when the closet is being used or emptied. 6.4 Cove
30、r, seat and bowl The cover and seat shall be hinged or attached in another way to the base unit. The dimensions of the seat opening shall be not less than 235 mm and not more than 300 mm in length and not less than 180 mm and not more than 250 mm in width at the widest point. The dimensions of the b
31、owl aperture shall be not less than those of the seat opening. The distance from the top of the seat to the lower aperture of the bowl shall be not less than 175 mm. When the lower aperture of the bowl is operated by the weight of the excreta, this distance shall be not less than 160 mm. The interna
32、l diameter of the lower aperture of the bowl shall be not less than 65 mm. 6.5 Flushing mechanism The pump or bellow of the flushing mechanism shall be capable of wetting the whole area of the bowl below the flush rim. 7 Materials and workmanship 7.1 General requirements All materials and finishes u
33、sed in manufacture shall conform to the appropriate British Standards for those products. When tested in accordance with annexes A to G, these materials and finishes shall show no deterioration. 7.2 Physical requirements 7.2.1 Stability of the closet assembly When tested in accordance with annex A,
34、the deflection of the closet assembly shall not exceed 20 mm at any position around the closet periphery. One hour after removal of the load the residual deflection shall not exceed 5 mm. The closet shall not have sustained any damage or deformation during the test and any mechanical parts shall ope
35、rate as intended after removal of the load. There shall be no leaks from the closet. 7.2.2 Impact resistance of the cover and seat When tested in accordance with annex B, the seat and cover hinge shall be capable of withstanding the impact test described in annex B without damage, and any mechanical
36、 part shall operate as intended after the test. 7.3 Chemical resistance requirements 7.3.1 General All materials of manufacture with which the excreta and/or the specified chemical are likely to come into contact shall be capable of withstanding the expected corrosive action. 7.3.2 Chemical resistan
37、ce of the bowl and container When tested in accordance with C.1.1 and C.1.2, there shall be no physical deterioration of the container tank and bowl. There shall be no staining of the tank and bowl, but internal staining or bleaching of the container tank is permissible. BSI 1998 3 BS 2081-1:1998 7.
38、3.3 Chemical resistance of the cover and seat When tested in accordance with C.1.3, there shall be no physical deterioration or staining of the seat or cover. 7.3.4 Resistance to water absorption of the cover and seat When tested in accordance with annex D, the percentage increase in mass of either
39、the seat or the cover shall be no greater than 0.75. There shall be no changes in dimensions and surface characteristics of either the seat or cover. 7.3.5 Stain transfer from the cover and seat When tested in accordance with annex E, no transfer of colour pigment from the seat or cover to the white
40、 cloth shall occur. 7.4 Mechanical requirements 7.4.1 Efficiency and durability of the flushing mechanism When tested in accordance with annex F, the variation in the flushing volume shall be less than 10 % over the range of samples collected. There shall be no obvious loosening or tightening of the
41、 flushing mechanism after the completion of the test. The pump or bellow shall continue to wet the whole area of the bowl below the flush rim on completion of the test. 7.4.2 Strength of the handles and fixings When tested in accordance with the strength test described in annex G, there shall be no
42、failure of a handle and after the test, when the container has been emptied, there shall be no permanent distortion of the assembly.BS 2081-1:1998 4 BSI 1998 Annex A (normative) Load test on the closet assembly A.1 Test conditions Carry out the test at a temperature of 208C 58C. A.2 Apparatus A.2.1
43、Plywood board, with a minimum thickness of 25 mm. A.3 Procedure Place the closet upon a firm, flat, horizontal surface with the seat in the closed position and the cover in the raised position. Place the plywood board on the seat so as to cover the seat ring completely without it being in contact wi
44、th any other part of the closet. Measure the distance of the board above or below any convenient fixed datum level (e.g. the surface on which the closet stands). Apply a steady load of 400 kg 1 kg to the board, at a position corresponding to the centre of the seat ring over an area of not more than
45、0.025 m 2 , and measure the distance of the board above or below a datum line at 1 min intervals. When this distance has remained constant for two successive readings, note this value and remove the load. Leave the closet unloaded for 1 h and then take the same measurement in this unloaded condition
46、. Annex B (normative) Impact tests on the seat and cover B.1 Test conditions Carry out the test at a temperature of 208C 58C. B.2 Procedure B.2.1 Closet, seat and cover Assemble the seat and cover in the closed position on the closet. Raise them into the vertical position and allow them to swing dow
47、nwards together and freely onto their normal support surface. Repeat the procedure 100 times. B.2.2 Closet cover Raise the cover into the vertical position and allow it to swing downwards and freely onto the seat. Repeat the procedure 100 times. B.2.3 Closet seat Assemble the seat alone in the close
48、d position on the closet. Raise it to the vertical position and allow it to swing downwards and freely onto its support surface. Repeat the procedure 100 times. Annex C (normative) Chemical resistance tests C.1 Procedure C.1.1 Container and bowl Fill the container and bowl with a quantity of undilut
49、ed chemicals as specified by the manufacturer for normal use and leave for a minimum of 24 h. If the chemicals are in powder form, use a saturated solution. After 24 h, empty, rinse with clean water and examine for changes of dimension and deterioration in both the materials of construction and in their surface finish. C.1.2 Container tank Fill the tank with a diluted chemical solution as specified by the manufacturer for normal use. Leave this charge in the container for a minimum period of four weeks. After four weeks, empty, rinse with clean water and examine for c
