1、BRITISH STANDARD BS2573-1: 1983 Rules for the design of cranes Part 1: Specification for classification, stress calculations and design criteria for structures UDC 621.873:624.04BS2573-1:1983 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Mechanical Engineering Standards Commi
2、ttee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes into effecton 31 October1983 BSI 10-1999 First published February1955 First revision December1960 Second revision May1966 Third revision March1977 Fourth revision October1983 The following BSI references relate to the work on this st
3、andard: Committee reference MEE/41 Draft for comment 81/75204 DC ISBN 0 580 13385 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee(MEE/-) to Technical Committee MEE/41 upon which the following
4、bodies were represented: Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers British Constructional Steelwork Association British Ports Association and The National Association of Ports Employers British Transport Docks Board Bureau of Engineer Surveyors Construction Plant-hir
5、e Association Control and Automation Manufacturers Association(BEAMA) Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Department of Industry, Mechanical Engineering Department of the Environment(Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment(PSA) Engineering Equipment and Ma
6、terials Users Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain Health and Safety Executive High Commission of India Independent Engineering Insurers Committee Institute of M
7、aterials Handling Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Production Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers National Federation of Building Trades Employers Welding Institute Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS2573-1:1983 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Pag
8、e Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword iv Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions and applications of terms 1 Section 2. Classification of the crane as a whole 2.1 General 2 2.2 Class of utilization 2 2.3 State of loading and nominal load spectrum factor 2 2.4 Determination of g
9、roup classification of the crane 3 Section 3. Loads and load combinations 3.1 Loads and load combinations to be considered in design 5 3.2 Loads due to climatic conditions and natural phenomena 10 Section 4. Selection of steel, minimum thickness and working stresses 4.1 Selection of steel 15 4.2 Min
10、imum thickness of plates and sections 15 4.3 Working stresses 15 Section 5. Stresses in structural components 5.1 Individual members, rolled sections, hollow sections and members with plated webs: verification relative to the yield stress 16 5.2 Lattice girders and trusses: verification relative to
11、the yield stress 30 5.3 Secondary stresses 32 Section 6. Basic stresses in connections 6.1 Welds 33 6.2 Basic stresses for bolts, studs and rivets 35 Section 7. Proportions of structural components, plates and web stiffeners 7.1 Effective lengths of parts in compression 38 7.2 Widths of plates 41 7.
12、3 Web plates and web stiffeners 42 Section 8. Fluctuating loads: permissible fatigue stresses 8.1 Detail design 46 8.2 Number of stress cycles 46 8.3 Loads and stresses to be considered 46 8.4 Methods 46 8.5 Permissible fatigue stress 46 8.6 Classes of constructional details 47 8.7 Connections: rive
13、ted or bolted 48 8.8 Connection: load-carrying fillet welds 48 Appendix A Typical crane classifications 58 Appendix B The use of steels of higher tensile strengths than those of steels to BS4360 59 Appendix C Effective lengths of crane jibs, considered as uniform struts 59BS2573-1:1983 ii BSI 10-199
14、9 Page Appendix D Basic formula for calculation of C s 63 Appendix E Design checks for stiffened compression flanges 64 Appendix F Fatigue strength 86 Figure 1 Skew load coefficients 13 Figure 2 Conversion chart for wind speed and pressure 13 Figure 3 Definitions: aerodynamic slenderness, section ra
15、tio, solidity ratio and spacing ratio 14 Figure 4 Effective throat thickness of fillet welds 36 Figure 5 Effective throat thickness of deep-penetration fillet welds 37 Figure 6 Effective length with lateral bracing 39 Figure 7 Typical class E weld details 56 Figure 8 Typical class F weld details 56
16、Figure 9 Typical class F and class G weld details 57 Figure 10 Typical class G weld details 57 Figure 11 General case for determining effective length of jib 61 Figure 12 Special case where fixed pulleys for derricking and hoist ropes are in one vertical line 61 Figure 13 Special case where fixed pu
17、lleys for derricking and hoist ropes are vertically above jib pivot point 62 Figure 14 Cantilever crane jib with hoist rope parallel to jib axis 62 Figure 15 Cantilever crane jib with hoist rope not parallel to jib axis 62 Figure 16 Ratio of effective length/actual length for cantilever crane jibs 6
18、3 Figure 17 Box girder compression flange: typical construction 78 Figure 18 Types of stiffener 79 Figure 19 Factor C for tees to BS4-1 80 Figure 20 Variation of stresses in a stiffened compression panel 80 Figure 21 Plate strength curves for simple method 81 Figure 22 Column strength curves for sim
19、ple method 82 Figure 23 Classification of plate elements for detailed method 82 Figure 24 Plate strength curves for detailed method 83 Figure 25 Factor K 1for detailed method 84 Figure 26 Column strength curves for detailed method 85 Table 1 Class of utilization 3 Table 2 State of loading 4 Table 3
20、Group classification of the crane as a whole 4 Table 4 Impact and duty factors according to crane type and application 6 Table 5 In-service design wind pressures 10 Table 6 Wind force on suspended load 11 Table 7 Out-of-service design wind pressures 11 Table 8 Force coefficients C f 12BS2573-1:1983
21、BSI 10-1999 iii Page Table 9 Shielding factors 12 Table 10 Basic stresses in structural members 17 Table 11 Values of Robertson constant for struts of various sections 18 Table 12 Values of F cripfor steels to BS4360 19 Table 13 Values of K 1 21 Table 14 Values of K 2 22 Table 15 Values of A and B t
22、o be used in calculating values of C sin newtons per square millimetre 24 Table 16 Basic stress P bc.basfor different values of critical stress C s 25 Table 17 Basic average shear stress P q.basin stiffened webs of steel to BS4360 27 Table 18 Basic stresses in welds 34 Table 19 Basic stresses in riv
23、ets as a percentage of Y R0.2 36 Table 20 Effective lengths of parts in compression 38 Table 21 Effective length with no lateral bracing 40 Table 22 Maximum width of plates in compression 41 Table 23 Projection of unstiffened compression flange plates 42 Table 24 Permissible tensile and compressive
24、fatigue stresses P ftand P fcfor various classes of constructional detail in steels of grades 43, 50 and 55 to BS4360 49 Table 25 Overhead travelling industrial type cranes (O.T.C.) 58 Table 26 Overhead travelling steelworks cranes 58 Table 27 Transporters 58 Table 28 High pedestal or portal jib cra
25、nes and derrick cranes 59 Table 29 Tower cranes 59 Table 30 Freight container cranes 59 Table 31 Dimensional requirements for stiffeners 65 Table 32 Value of factor K 67 Table 33 Plate strength in newtons per square millimetre: class P 72 Table 34 Plate strength in newtons per square millimetre: cla
26、ss Q 73 Table 35 Column strength in newtons per square millimetre: ! =1.0 74 Table 36 Column strength in newtons per square millimetre: ! =2.0 75 Table 37 Column strength in newtons per square millimetre: ! =3.5 76 Table 38 Column strength in newtons per square millimetre: ! =5.5 77 Table 39 Effecti
27、ve length factor K 1 78 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS2573-1:1983 iv BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Part of BS2573 has been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee. It supersedes BS2573-1:1977 which is withdrawn. The fourth revision of this standard ha
28、s been prepared having due regard for the work of ISO/TC96, Cranes, lifting appliances and related equipment, in preparing the International Standard ISO4301 covering crane classification. The classification requirements have been revised to align with the requirements of the International Standard.
29、 This new edition of BS2573-1 also aligns the method of classification with that of BS2573-2 which covers permissible stresses in crane mechanisms and in which account had already been taken of the ISO4301 requirements. An approach to classification based on ISO work is considered to provide scope f
30、or precise definition of the purchasers requirements on the one hand and for rational design and economic production on the other. The change in the method of classification will not lead to any substantial change in the design of cranes although it has entailed alterations to related clauses of the
31、 standard, notably those dealing with duty and impact factors and fatigue. Because the classification of a crane is determined by the number of hoisting cycles and the state of loading, as defined by the load spectrum factor, comparisons with the four former classes in BS2573-1:1977 can be readily m
32、ade. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document compr
33、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi to iv, pages1to86, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS2573-1:1983 BSI 10-1999
34、1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS2573 specifies the basis for computing stresses in crane structures and the way in which permissible stresses in crane structures shall be determined in order to secure economy in design and reliability in operation. For this purpose it specifies a class
35、ification system that enables the purchaser and the manufacturer to match a particular crane to the required duty and utilization. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions and applications of terms 1.2.1 Definitions. For the
36、 purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 1.2.1.1 dead loads all the loads of constant magnitude and position that act permanently on the structure or member 1.2.1.2 live loads any load except wind load that gives rise to variation of stress in a member. Such variation may
37、be due to any change of position or magnitude of an externally applied load or to the movement of the crane structure itself 1.2.1.3 inertia forces the forces produced by change of velocity 1.2.1.4 wind load the forces produced by the velocity of the wind, which is assumed to act horizontally 1.2.2
38、Applications of terms. For the purposes of this British Standard the following terms apply as stated. 1.2.2.1 basic stresses the stresses as set out in5.1, 5.2 and section 6 1.2.2.2 permissible working stress the stress numerically equal to the basic stress multiplied by the relevant duty factor and
39、 the factor corresponding to the load combinations as specified in3.1. Permissible working stresses are specified in4.3.2 1.2.2.3 permissible fatigue stresses stresses as set out in section 8 1.2.2.4 service conditions the crane is deemed to be under service conditions when it is operating without l
40、oad or with a load up to the maximum safe working loadBS2573-1:1983 2 BSI 10-1999 Section 2. Classification of the crane as a whole 2.1 General To provide a rational and uniform basis for certain aspects of the design of the crane structure, a group classification for the crane as a whole in the ran
41、ge of A1 to A8(seeTable 3) and based on the requirements of2.2 to2.4 shall be established. NOTE 1The group classification of the crane as a whole provides a framework of reference between purchaser and manufacturer for contractual and technical purposes by means of which a crane may be matched to th
42、e service for which it is required. It also enables a fatigue analysis of the design to be based on the specified life and conditions of service (seesection 8). Cranes shall be classified into groups according to: a) class of utilization: as determined from the required number of operating cycles fo
43、r the crane, in accordance with2.2. b) state of loading: as determined from the conditions of loading to which the crane will be subjected, in accordance with2.3. NOTE 2It is recommended that the group classification(with the class of utilization and state of loading from which it is derived) are cl
44、early and permanently marked on the crane. 2.2 Class of utilization 2.2.1 General. The class of utilization of the crane shall be determined from its assumed total number of all operating cycles during its intended life. For the purpose of classification, an operating cycle shall be considered to co
45、mmence when a load is picked up and end at the moment when the crane is ready to pick up the next load. NOTEWhere a crane is fitted with a lifting attachment, the weight of which forms a significant proportion of the crane capacity, the effect of this on fatigue life should be carefully evaluated. 2
46、.2.2 Determining the class of utilization 2.2.2.1 Where sufficient information is available, the number of operating cycles shall be calculated from a knowledge of the duties which the crane will be expected to perform, e.g.for a crane performing part of a continuous, repetitive process the number c
47、an readily be derived from the number of operating cycles per hour and the total number of working hours during the intended life. The class of utilization of the crane shall then be selected from Table 1 according to the tabulated number of operating cycles that is nearest to, but not less than, th
48、e number calculated by the procedure outlined in the previous paragraph. 2.2.2.2 Where insufficient information is available for calculating the total number of operating cycles, as may be the case when the crane is used for a variety of duties, a suitable value, estimated on the basis of experience
49、, shall be used. Where there is difficulty in assigning a suitable value, the next highest figure in Table 1 shall be taken. 2.2.2.3 Typical values or ranges of the class of utilization normally associated with particular types of crane and crane applications are given in Appendix A. 2.3 State of loading and nominal load spectrum factor 2.3.1 General. The state of loading of the crane and the corresponding nominal load spectrum factor shall c
