1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4574:1970 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Recommendation for The determination of the ink absorbency of paper and board by use of K & N inkBS4574:1970 This recommendation, having been approved by the Paper Industry Standards Committee,was published underthe authorityof the Executiv
2、e Board on 31 March 1970 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this recommendation: Committee reference PAC/11 Draft for comment 67/22974 ISBN 0 580 05837 9 The following is a list of members of the Paper Industry Standards Committee, who have had the preparation of this rec
3、ommendation under consideration: The following is a list of members of the Technical Committee on Methods of Test for Paper, Board and Pulp, the Committee actually responsible for the preparation of this recommendation: Chairman: Vice-Chairman: Mr. A. C. Vincent Mr. Gilbert A. Smith Mr. S. Bailey Br
4、itish Federation of Master Printers National Association of Paper Merchants Mr. R. W. H. Bray, A.F.C. Dr. N. K. Bridge Mr. E. E. Capon ResearchAssociationforthePaperand Board,Printing and Packaging Industries (PIRA) Mr. J. Harding Mr. S. H. Hough British Paper and Board Makers Association (Incorpora
5、ted) Dr. J. F. Heggie Royal Institute of Public Health and Mr. J. Leather Hygiene British Railways Board Mr. F. M. Bolam Mr. K. Timberlake Mr. N. P. Brown Coated Paper and Board Makers Association Mr. I. F. Hendry Mr. C. Sumner Mr. H. R. Hutley Mr. A. D. P. Tanner Mr. L. A. Lawrence Envelope Makers
6、and Manufacturing StationersAssociation Mr. J. F. A. Rankin Mr. G. Thompson Mr. F. E. Ashman Technical Section of the British Paper H.M. Stationery Office andBoardMakers Association Chairman: Mr. H. R. Hutley Dr. George L. Fuchs Mr. H. A. Idle Mr. G. J. Strode Society of British Printing Ink British
7、 Federation of Master Printers Manufacturers Mr. J. D. Batley British Paper and Board Makers Association (Incorporated) Mr. F. M. Bolam Mr. N. P. Brown Mr. E. C. Allison Mr. C. A. Chester Mr. M. Ford Mr. G. F. Glover British Wood Pulp Association Mr. F. J. T. Harris Mr. E. D. Garner Mr. F. W. Haywar
8、d Chemical Industries Association Mr. I. F. Hendry Mr. H. F. Church Mr. L. F. Hopkins Electrical Research Association Mr. K. A. Hyam Mr. G. R. Keay Mr. L. A. Lawrence Mr. C. Sumner Mr. D. J. McConnell Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Mr. A. P. McDonald Stationers Association Mr. E. W. Peacock Mr. J
9、. A. Moore Mr. R. Peerless Mr. W. J. R. Howell Mr. J. F. A. Rankin H.M. Stationery Office Mr. J. R. Simmons Mr. R. R. Coupe Technical Section of the British Paper and London College of Printing Board Makers Association Mr. J. W. More Mr. E. Mytum Man-made Fibres Producers Committee Textile Institute
10、 Mr. C. F. Finney Mr. P. Howarth Ministry of Defence, Army Department University of Manchester Mr. J. A. Simmons Mr. W. D. I. Anderson Post Office Technical Committee DPE/2, Punched Mr. R. J. Hamer Cards, Dimensions and Properties Mr. F. D. Munday Mr. C. F. Finney Research Association for the Paper
11、and Board,Printing and Packaging Industries (PIRA) Technical Committee DPE/3, Punched Tape, Dimensions and Properties Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 702 March 1971 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS4574:1970 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Foreword ii 1 Scope 1
12、2 Definitions 1 3 Principle of the method 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Sampling 1 6 Conditioning 1 7 Procedure 1 8 Calculation and expression of results 1 9 Test report 1 Appendix A Supplementary information 2BS4574:1970 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This recommendation makes reference to the following British Stand
13、ards: BS 3430, Sampling of paper and board for testing. BS 3431, Conditioning of paper and board test samples. This recommendation is part of a series relating to the testing of paper and board, published under the authority of the Paper Industry Standards Committee. The committee concerned with met
14、hods of test for paper, board and pulp, has already produced a considerable number of British Standard test methods and has an extensive programme of work in hand. There are several instances in which it would be desirable to prepare standard methods for determining certain properties of paper and b
15、oard, but in the present state of knowledge this is not practicable. Nevertheless, it is felt that the issue of some methods in the form of recommendations rather than as British Standard methods will be helpful to users. This recommendation falls within that category. Appendix A contains supplement
16、ary information which may be of use in carrying out this test. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fr
17、om legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1and2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendmen
18、t table on the inside front cover.BS4574:1970 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This recommendation describes a method of measuring the ink absorbency of paper and board. The procedure may be used for paper and board to be printed by the litho, gravure or letterpress process. The absorbency and print gloss prop
19、erties of printing inks are dependent on their formulation which will be different from that of the K & N ink. Therefore, results obtained by this test are only an approximate indication of the ink absorption and print gloss properties of paper and board. The test is also indicative of varnishabilit
20、y and waxability. It is limited to white or near white materials, since colours interfere with the colour of the ink stain. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this recommendation the following definitions apply: K & N ink absorbency unit when the reflectance of the paper or board surface is set to100
21、and the reflectance of the same surface after absorption of the pigment of the K & N ink isx, the ink absorbency is said to be (100 x) K & N units ink absorbency “after conditioning” the results obtained from samples that have previously been conditioned according to BS3431 1) 3 Principle of the met
22、hod The principle of the method is to determine ink absorbency characteristics by measuring the loss in reflectance of the paper or board due to the absorption of a pigmented non-drying printing ink of standard shade in a given time. 4 Apparatus The following apparatus is required: 1) Spectrophotome
23、ter head fitted with “Y” filter (wavelength550nm) as specified by CIE 2) . 2) Galvanometer unit, of such sensitivity that it may be read to one K & N unit. 3) K & N ink. 4) Spatula. 5) Paint scraper, 75mm in length. 6) Tissues or cotton wool. 7) Stop watch. 5 Sampling Select units and sheets and tak
24、e test pieces according to BS3430 3) . 6 Conditioning Condition the samples according to BS3431 1) . 7 Procedure Carry out the test under the same conditions as are specified in Clause6. With the spectrophotometer head disconnected, set the meter reading to zero with the zero adjustment. Stir the K
25、& N ink thoroughly and place a quantity of it on the surface to be tested. The amount of ink used should be sufficient to cover a50mm diameter circle so that the ink remains glossy for the duration of the test. Leave the ink on the surface for exactly two minutes and then remove excess with, firstly
26、, a paint scraper or similar instrument. Then thoroughly wipe the smear dry with a clean tissue or cotton wool. Place the measuring head (with the “Y” filter) over the paper or board surface adjacent to the smear and set the scale to100. Then place the head over the smear and note the meter reading,
27、 say x on the0100scale. The ink absorbency is (100 x) K & N units. 8 Calculation and expression of results 8.1 Number of readings and calculation. Carry out the test procedure on each of ten test pieces from the lot. Calculate the mean of the ten results. 8.2 Expression of results. Express the resul
28、ts to the nearest whole number in K & N units. 8.3 Precision of results. The error in the mean result for ten test pieces should be less than 5% of the true mean value at the95% confidence limits. 9 Test report The test report should include the following items: 1) The mean value. 2) The number of t
29、ests. 3) The state of the sample at the time of test. 4) Any departure from the conditions of test according to BS3431 1) . The coefficient of variation and the95% confidence limits of the mean should be quoted for information. 1) BS3431, “Conditioning of paper and board test samples”. 2) Internatio
30、nal Commission on Illumination. 3) BS3430, “Sampling of paper and board for testing”.BS4574:1970 2 BSI 12-1999 Appendix A Supplementary information A.1 Owing to the nature of the K & N ink, it is not a product which can be considered to be of uniform shade from batch to batch. Consequently, it is us
31、eful to carry out the test procedure both on a reference paper or board and on the test paper or board, using the same batch of K & N ink. A.2 The coating formulation used on coated paper or board affects the test result but the difference may not be reflected in the practical printing properties. T
32、herefore, comparative tests should only be conducted on materials of similar composition. A.3 A suitable ink is supplied through the Fishburn Printing Ink Co. Ltd., Cassiobury Mills, St. Albans Road, Watford, Herts, and is manufactured by K & N Laboratories, Sherman Avenue, Evanston, Illinois,U.S.A.
33、 A.4 The galvanometer unit and spectrophotometer head recommended is the Zeiss Elrepho. Other suitable instruments are the Hilger J40 Colorimeter and the Eel Unigalvo Type20 with the Eel spectrophotometer head. A.5 The above test procedure is open to considerable test error. Whilst retaining the pri
34、nciple of the method, this error can be reduced by making use of instruments capable of automatic placing and removal of the ink, such as that produced by G.F.L.(Grafiska Forsknings-Laboratoriet) in Sweden.BS4574:1970 BSI 12-1999 British Standards The following are available on application: YEARBOOK
35、 Including subject index and numerical list of British Standards SECTIONAL LISTS. Gratis Acoustics (SL10) Aerospace materials and components (SL25) Automobile (SL34) British Standard Handbooks (SL27) Building (SL16) Chemical engineering (SL5) Chemicals, fats, glues, oils, soap, etc. (SL4) Cinematogr
36、aphy and photography (SL1) Coal, coke and colliery requisites (SL13) Codes of Practice (SL8) Consumer goods (SL3) Documentation, including Universal Decimal Classification (SL35) Drawing practice (SL37) Electrical engineering (SL26) Farming, dairying and allied interests (SL31) Furniture, bedding an
37、d furnishings (SL11) Gardening, horticulture and landscape work (SL41) Gas and solid fuel and refractories (SL2) Glassware, excluding laboratory apparatus (SL39) Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (SL42) Hospital equipment (SL18) Illumination and lighting fittings (SL14) Industrial instrument
38、s, etc. (SL17) Iron and steel (SL24) Laboratory apparatus (SL23) Leather, plastics, rubber (SL12) Local authority purchasing officers guide (SL28) Machine tools (SL20) Mechanical engineering (SL6) Nomenclature, symbols and abbreviations (SL29) Non-ferrous metals (SL19) Nuclear energy (SL36) Packagin
39、g and containers (SL15) Paints, varnishes, paint ingredients and colours for paints (SL9) Personal safety equipment (SL30) Petroleum industry (SL38) Printing and stationery, paper and board (SL22) Road engineering (SL32) Shipbuilding (SL40) Textiles and clothing (SL33) Welding (SL7)BS 4574:1970 BSI
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