1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8541-2:2011Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Library objects forarchitecture, engineeringand construction Part 2: Recommended 2D symbols ofbuilding elements for use inbuilding in
2、formation modellingPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 77126 2ICS 01.100.30The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/555Draft for commen
3、t 11/30218810 DCPublication historyFirst published September 2011Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affected31 December 2011 See forewordBS 8541-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDContents0 Introduction 1Section 1: General 31 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Terms and definitions 34 Rationale 45 Desig
4、n and use of symbolism 6Section 2: Compendium 96 Presentation of the compendium 9Group 1: Information devices 10Group 2: Materials in section 19Group 3: Land use 22Group 4: Landscape 24Group 5: Building components 27Group 6: Pipes, ducts, drains and sewers 32Bibliography 37List of figuresFigure 1 Co
5、re Maturity Model 2Figure 2 Examples of symbols/elements and constructed symbols 5Figure 3 Comparison between representations, simplified representation andsymbols 5Figure 4 Symbols and attributes 7Figure 5 Symbol and level of detail 8List of tablesTable 1.1 Datums, levels and orientation 10Table 1.
6、2 Indication of planes and voids 11Table 1.3 Conventions for indicating zones 12Table 1.4 Termination of dimension lines 13Table 1.5 Termination of modular coordination linesA)14Table 1.6 Referencing/cross-referencing 15Table 1.7 Handling of ironmongery for annotating schedules 16Table 1.8 Steps and
7、 gradients 17Table 1.9 Alterations and demolitions 18Table 2.1 Wood 19Table 2.2 Manufactured materials 19Table 2.3 Masonry 20Table 2.4 Site-formed materials 21Table 3.1 Drawings for statutory applications 22Table 3.2 Colouring/marking on Land Registry filed plans 23Table 4.1 Ground shaping, surfacin
8、g, edges 24Table 4.2 Existing trees 25Table 4.3 Proposed trees 26Table 5.1 Windows in horizontal/vertical section/cut 27Table 5.2 Windows in elevation 28Table 5.3 Doors and doorsets on plans 29Table 5.4 Support, enclosures and holes 30Table 5.5 Way-finding signage 31Table 6.1 Pipes, ducts, drains an
9、d sewers 32Table 6.2 Pipe fittings 33BRITISH STANDARD BS 8541-2:2011 BSI 2011 iTable 6.3 Sanitary fittings 35Table 6.4 Manholes and gullies 36Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 38, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STAND
10、ARDBS 8541-2:2011ii BSI 2011ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 8541 is published by BSI and came into effect on30 September 2011. It was prepared by Technical Committee B/555, Constructiondesign, modelling and data exchange. A list of organizations represented on thiscommittee can be obta
11、ined on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis part of BS 8541 supersedes BS 1192-3:1987, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 8541 comprises four parts as follows: Part 1: Identification andclassification1) Part 2 (this part): Recommended 2D symbols of building elements for
12、use inbuilding information modelling Part 3: Shape and measurement1) Part 4: Attributes for specification and assessment1)Information about this documentThe start and finish of text introduced or altered by Corrigendum No. 1 isindicated in the text by tagsand.This part of BS 8541 was written to brin
13、g the recommendations for constructiondrawing practice up-to-date and to conform to other national standards of theUnited Kingdom and with standards of the International Organization forStandardization (ISO) that have been accepted by the UK.Use of this documentAs a guide, this part of BS 8541 takes
14、 the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 8541 is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that d
15、eviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented
16、insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. Theword “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative tothe primary recommendation of the clause. The word “can” is used to expressp
17、ossibility, e.g. a consequence of an action or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard.Notes give references and additional information that are important but do notform part of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.1)In preparation.B
18、RITISH STANDARD BS 8541-2:2011 BSI 2011 iiiContractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRI
19、TISH STANDARDBS 8541-2:2011iv BSI 20110 Introduction0.1 GeneralThis part of BS 8541 is intended for those concerned with the application ofsymbols and other graphic conventions on drawings and 2D BIM models and forthose concerned with the design, development and standardization of suchconventions, f
20、or the construction industry.0.2 Work within the International Organization forStandardization (ISO)International agreement has not always been achieved in this field of work:acceptability of symbols internationally is dependent partly on precedent andpartly on rationale. Precedent in this context c
21、an be determined only by aninternational survey which, although advocated by the United Kingdom, has notbeen undertaken. The development of a rationale for the design of new graphicconventions and for the selection of existing graphic conventions demands amajor research programme. As yet such a prog
22、ramme has not been undertaken.0.3 UK workAlthough not the result of either an international survey or a major researchprogramme, this part of BS 8541 is based on principles of rationale and also onprecedent. Graphic conventions proposed by ISO or other authorities that do notconform either to the st
23、ated rationale or to national precedent are notincluded. This part of BS 8541 is the first step towards a theoretical and practicalbasis for symbols and other graphic conventions for an industry that isconstantly progressing and changing. It will, therefore, be necessary for thiswork to be regularly
24、 monitored, adjusted and extended.0.4 Core Maturity ModelFigure 1 shows the Core Maturity Model against which this British Standardassists in the implementation of Building Information Modelling andManagement BIM(M).The purpose of the levels is to categorize types of technical and collaborativeworki
25、ng to enable a concise description and understanding of the processes,tools and techniques to be used. The levels are as follows: 0 - Unmanaged CAD probably 2D, with paper (or electronic paper) as themost likely data exchange mechanism. 1 - Managed CAD in 2 or 3D format using BS 1192:2007 with a col
26、laborationtool providing a common data environment, possibly some standard datastructures and formats. Commercial data managed by standalone financeand cost management packages with no integration. 2 - Managed 3D environment held in separate discipline “BIM” tools withattached data. Commercial data
27、managed by an ERP. Integration on thebasis of proprietary interfaces or bespoke middleware could be regarded as“pBIM” (proprietary). The approach may utilise 4D programme data and 5Dcost elements. 3 - Fully open process and data integration enabled by IFC/IFD. Managed bya collaborative model server.
28、 Could be regarded as iBIM or integrated BIMpotentially employing concurrent engineering processes.This standard for 2D symbology is the first of a number of symbology standardsand has been developed to sit within Level 0 and Level 1 of the maturity model.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8541-2:2011 BSI 2011 1Th
29、e symbols have been developed to provide consistent 2D representation fordrawing renditions and schematics with the basic metadata or attributesrequired for this level of definition.Further 3D symbols are to be developed to enable use in 3D models andBuilding Information environments with the abilit
30、y to be enhanced to allow formanufacturers objects, information and data.Figure 1 Core Maturity ModelIDMIFCIFDLifecycle ManagementDrawings, lines, arcs, text etc.CAD95% produce 2D drawings lackingcoordination increasing costs by25% through waste and rework.2D 3D spatial coordination based onCPIC 200
31、3, Avanti, BS 1192:2007 hasthe potential to remove error andreduce waste by 50%.A fully integrated and interoperableBIMM has the potential to mitigate riskthroughout the process and to increaseprofit by +2% through a collaborativeprocess.Models, objects, collaboration Integrated, Interoperable DataI
32、SO BIMNOTE Reproduced with kind permission of Mark Bew and Mervyn Richards.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8541-2:20112 BSI 2011Section 1: General1 ScopeThis part of BS 8541 gives guidance and recommendations for symbols and othergraphic conventions for use on drawings for the construction industry.It is primari
33、ly intended for those preparing drawings.The symbols covered by this British Standard is restricted to the architectural andland registry symbols as the base for architecture drawing, modelling andplanning activities. The more specific symbols for mechanical, electrical andplumbing along with the st
34、ructural steel sections and welding are deferred tothose institutes that have a greater understanding of the needs of theirmembers in a fast changing world.NOTE For example, BSRIA has a large symbol library for the MEP and BuildingServices engineers and the Institution of Engineering and Technology
35、(IET) coversboth electronic and electrical symbols.It also describes a rationale of symbolism (Clause 4) which establishes rules forthe design of symbols and other graphic conventions, and givesrecommendations for the application of those rules and the ways in whichsymbolism should be used (Clause 5
36、).It does not include the following: symbols applicable to signs for use on buildings or equipment; symbols for use on fire protection drawings (which are given in BS 1635).2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated refer
37、ences, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 3975-4, Glossary for landscape work Plant descriptionBS EN ISO 9431, Construction drawings Spaces for drawing and for text, andtitle blocks on drawing shee
38、ts3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 8541, the terms and definitions given inBS EN ISO 9431, BS 3975-4 and the following apply.3.1 conventionaccepted way of drawing an item which may have the nature of arepresentation, a simplified representation or a symbol3.2 information de
39、viceconvention indicating an abstract item3.3 representationscale view of an object3.4 simplified representationscale view incorporating only the essential shape, size or features of an objectBRITISH STANDARD BS 8541-2:2011 BSI 2011 33.5 symbolgraphic device without scale used:a) on a drawing to ind
40、icate the occurrence and/or location of an item;b) in an annotation to indicate one or more of the attributes of an item3.6 symbol element (element)graphic device without scale used only in combination with a symbol (orsymbols) or with other elements, to form a symbol4 Rationale4.1 Indication of all
41、 features of an objectAlthough all the features of an object (subject to the limitations of the scale ofthe drawing) can be shown on a detailed pictorial view (a representation, see3.3), there are usually other attributes of the object which need to be described,annotated or referred to in other doc
42、uments.4.2 Limited indication of the features of an objectTo reduce drawing effort and time, a pictorial view such as that described in 4.1can sometimes, as appropriate, be limited in detail (a simplified representation,see 3.4) but can still need a description, annotation or reference.4.3 Non-reali
43、stic indication of objectsTo reduce drawing effort and time still further for an object of which the size isnot significant on a drawing, especially if many such objects occur, the objectcan be indicated non-realistically by using a symbol (see 3.5).4.4 Symbols sharing common subsidiary featuresSome
44、 symbols share common subsidiary features; this part of BS 8541 refers tothese features as elements (see 3.6). These can be incorporated in new symbols,can be added to established symbols or can be combined with other elements asneeded.A symbol element should not be used in isolation.4.5 Types of sy
45、mbolThe simplest form of symbol is the basic symbol.More complex types of symbol are derived from the basic symbol. There arethree ways of deriving symbols:a) by embellishment of a basic symbol;b) by a combination of basic symbols;c) by extension of a basic symbol.Figure 2 gives examples of symbols/
46、elements and constructed symbols.4.6 Conventions showing abstract itemsConventions showing abstract items are referred to as information devices(see 3.2).BRITISH STANDARDBS 8541-2:20114 BSI 20114.7 Comparison between representations, simplifiedrepresentations and symbolsFigure 3 shows a comparison b
47、etween representations, simplifiedrepresentations and symbols.Figure 2 Examples of symbols/elements and constructed symbols123Symbols/elementsany new tree luminaire fall ofgroundpolearmshortstandardluminaireon polebankhalf standard luminaireonpole-mountedarmlight standardstandardtall standardselecte
48、dstandardNOTE The symbols given in columns 2 and 3 give examples of elements being combined to produce otherconstructedsymbols.Figure 3 Comparison between representations, simplified representation and symbolsItem Symbol Simplified representation RepresentationInterlocking concreteblock paving Fence
49、Gas meter andshut-off valveBRITISH STANDARD BS 8541-2:2011 BSI 2011 55 Design and use of symbolism5.1 Graphic simplicityThe amount of detail in a representation should be appropriate to the scale ofthe drawing.The amount of detail in a simplified representation should be limited to theessential attributes of the object (see 3.4 and Figure 3).NOTE Geometric shapes for information devices, elements and symbols are limited.Precedent (see the Introduction) can establish that one
