1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1184 : 1997 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1184 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 67.250 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for translucency of ceramic articlesBS EN 1184 : 1997 This British Standard, having been
3、 prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CW/29 Draft for comment
4、 93/311361 DC ISBN 0 580 27675 9 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee CW/29, Tableware, upon which the following bodies were represented: Associat
5、ion of Consulting Scientists Association of Metropolitan Authorities Association of Public Analysts British Ceramic Confederation British Ceramic Gift and Tableware Manufacturers Association British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Glass Manufacturers Confederation British Hardware and Housewares Manuf
6、acturers Association British Importers Association British Retail Consortium CESA The Association of Catering Equipment Manufacturers and Importers Co-operative Union Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Trade and Industry, Consumer Safety Unit Stoneware Potteries Association Vitreous Enam
7、ellers AssociationBS EN 1184 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 1184 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 1184 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CW/29 and is the English language ver
8、sion of EN 1184 : 1997 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for translucency of ceramic articles, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It was assumed during the preparation of this standard that the execution of its provisions would be entrusted to
9、 those who were appropriately qualified and experienced. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, and inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover
10、 and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997. All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and its members R
11、ef. No. EN 1184 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1184 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM May 1997 ICS 67.250 Descriptors: Kitchen utensils, tableware, ceramics, porcelain, food-container contact, tests, determination, transparency English version Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test
12、methods for translucency of ceramic articles Mate riaux et objets en contact avec les denre es alimentaires Me thodes dessai visant a de terminer la translucidite des objets en ce ramiques Werkstoffe und Gegensta nde in Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln Pru fverfahren fu r die Transparenz von kermischen Geg
13、ensta nden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-02-14. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic
14、al references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN m
15、ember into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, S
16、weden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1184 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 194, Utensils in contact with food, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Further European Standards are being prepared with the following titles: E
17、N 1183 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for thermal shock and thermal shock endurance EN 1217 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test method for water absorption of ceramic articles A further standard is proposed with the following title: Materials and ar
18、ticles in contact with foodstuffs Test method for crazing resistance of ceramic articles This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be
19、 withdrawn at the latest by September 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembou
20、rg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Test method A 3 4 Test method B 5 5 Test report 5 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 5Page 3 EN 1184 : 1997 BSI 1997 Introduction This European Standa
21、rd specifies two test methods for the determination of the translucency of ceramic articles. Translucency is the ability to transmit light, and is an important aesthetic property of china tableware. Translucency is one of the properties which is used to distinguish china tableware from other types o
22、f ceramic tableware. Either test method is applicable but test method A is based on European Community Regulation No 679/72 Customs classification of products to be allied to porcelain: Vitreous china or Semivitreous china type, and is for use, for such classification purposes. Most commercial ceram
23、ic tableware articles lie within the thickness range specified for test method A. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of the translucency of ceramic articles. Two test methods are described: Test method A, a qualitative method for estimating translucency, appl
24、icable to ceramic articles within a specified thickness range. Test method B, a quantitative method for the determination of body translucency requiring test specimens to be cut from ceramic articles. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply: 2.1 translucency
25、Ability to transmit incident light. NOTE. Translucency is dependent strongly upon the thickness of the sample. 2.2 body Ceramic material shaped to constitute the ware, more or less vitrified, which is generally coated with glaze. 3 Test method A 3.1 Principle The visibility of the outline of an opaq
26、ue object through a 2 mm to 4 mm thick test specimen is examined under defined lighting and observation conditions. 3.2 Apparatus and material 3.2.1 Light source box with a square cross section as shown schematically in figure 1, painted matt white inside with a lamp placed at one end, radiating a l
27、uminous intensity of 4000 lx to 5000 lx. A circular hole is cut at the opposite end to the lamp to allow the outline of an opaque object to be seen through the test specimen. 3.2.2 Calipers, or micrometer, capable of measuring the thickness of the test specimen. 3.2.3 Opaque object sticking to the t
28、est specimen e.g. piece of plasticine. 3.3 Test specimen The thickness of the test specimen in the viewing region shall be not less than 2 mm and not more than 4 mm. NOTE. The test specimen may be a plate or a large item of holloware with a flat base which can be placed over the viewing aperture. 3.
29、4 Procedure Fix the opaque object about 1 cm 2 in area to the back of the test specimen in the viewing region (see 3.3) and position the test specimen over the viewing aperture of the light source box (3.2.1). Record whether the outline of the opaque object is visible. 3.5 Expression of result If th
30、e outline of the opaque object is visible, the ceramic article is reported to be translucent. If the outline of the opaque object cannot be observed the ceramic article is reported to be not translucent.Page 4 EN 1184 : 1997 BSI 1997 Dimensions in millimetres 1 - Test specimen 2 - Opaque object 3 -
31、Lamp a = Approximately 200 mm3 200 mm b = Approximately 100 mm diameter c = 500 mm 5m m Figure 1. Light source box (schematic diagram)Page 5 EN 1184 : 1997 BSI 1997 4 Test method B 4.1 Principle The translucency of a ceramic article is assessed as the ratio of the intensity of light transmitted thro
32、ugh a test specimen to the intensity of light incident upon it, expressed as a percentage for a test specimen thickness of 2 mm. 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Photometer, having a light source capable of emitting white light of colour temperature approximately 3400 K. NOTE. The photometer should provide incid
33、ent light in the form of a parallel beam normal to the surface of the test specimen and all transmitted light should be collected; the use of an instrument incorporating an integrating sphere is recommended as a means of achieving the latter. 4.2.2 Uniform reference samples of known translucency in
34、the range 0 % to 10 % for the calibration of the photometer. NOTE. These may be calibrated diffusing standards, or in the absence of these, neutral density filters. 4.2.3 Precision surface grinding equipment. 4.2.4 Micrometer. 4.3 Preparation of test specimen Cut a disc corresponding in size to the
35、sample holder of the photometer from a ceramic article. Grind away the glaze on each surface to provide a test specimen with parallel unglazed faces 2,00 mm 0,01 mm thick. 4.4 Procedure Calibrate the photometer (4.2.1) using the uniform reference samples (4.2.2). Determine the transmission of light
36、of the test specimen. 4.5 Expression of result Express the translucency of the test specimen as the percentage of light transmitted through a thickness of 2 mm. 5 Test report The test report shall include the following details: a) a reference to this European Standard; b) an identification of the ar
37、ticle tested; c) the test method used, i.e. A or B; d) translucency: for method A, whether the article is considered translucent or not; for method B, the percentage of light transmitted through a test specimen at 2 mm thickness. Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 Regulation (CEE) No 679/72 of the
38、 Commission of 29 March 1972 concerning Customs classification of products to be allied to porcelain: Vitreous chinaor Semivitreous china typeBSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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