1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1193 : 1998 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1193 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 79.060.99; 91.080.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Timber structures Structural timber and glued laminated timber Determination of shear strength and mechanical properties perpendicular to
3、 the grainThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 28999 0 BS EN 1193 : 1998 Amendments issued since publ
4、ication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1193 : 1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/518, Structural timber, to Subcommittee B/518/1, Test methods, which has the responsibility to
5、: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations repre
6、sented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspon
7、dence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an insi
8、de back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
9、 Members. Ref. No. EN 1193 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1193 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM October 1997 ICS 79.040; 79.060.99; 91.080.20 Descriptors: Timber construction, wood, laminated board, timber frames, tests, determination, physical properties, mechanical properties, tensile strength,
10、compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, shear strength English version Timber structures Structural timber and glued laminated timber Determination of shear strength and mechanical properties perpendicular to the grain Structures en bois Bois de charpente et bois lamelle -colle D e termination
11、de la re sistance au cisaillement et des proprie te sm e caniques perpendiculaires aux fibres Holzbauwerke Bauholz fu r tragende Zwecke und Brettschichtholz Bestimmung der Scherfestigkeit und der mechanischen Eigenschaften rechtwinklig zur Faserrichtung This European Standard was approved by CEN on
12、2 October 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
13、be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centr
14、al Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom
15、.Page 2 EN 1193 : 1997 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124, Timber structures, the Secretariat of which is held by DS. NOTE. It is considered desirable to maintain the same clause numbering throughout this series of standards. Consequently, so
16、me clauses are empty but it is envisaged that future editions may need to include text in these clauses. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1998, and conflicting national standa
17、rds shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
18、Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Symbols 3 5 Determination of dimensions of test pieces 3 6 Determination of density of test pieces 3 7 Condition
19、ing of test pieces 3 7.1 General 3 7.2 Test area environment 3 8 Determination of tension and compression strengths perpendicular to the grain 4 8.1 Requirements for test pieces 4 8.2 Procedure 4 8.3 Expression of results 5 9 Determination of modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the grain 5 9.1 Re
20、quirements for test pieces 5 9.2 Procedure 5 9.3 Expression of results 6 10 Determination of shear strength parallel to the grain 6 10.1 Requirements for test pieces 6 10.2 Procedure 7 10.3 Expression of results 8 11 Test report 8 11.1 General 8 11.2 Test piece 8 11.3 Test method 8 11.4 Test results
21、 8 Annexes A (informative) Example of compression test arrangement 9 B (informative) Example of tension test arrangement with rigid fixings 10Page 3 EN 1193 : 1997 BSI 1998 1 Scope This standard specifies test methods for determining: tensile and compressive strengths perpendicular to the grain of s
22、tructural timber and glued laminated timber; and tensile and compressive moduli of elasticity perpendicular to the grain of structural timber and glued laminated timber; and shear strength parallel to the grain of structural timber and of the laminates used in glued laminated timber. 2 Normative ref
23、erences None. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 compressive strength perpendicular to the grain Stress corresponding to the load which occurs at the intersection of the line of the load/deformation curve and line 2 of figure 3. 3.2 modulus of elast
24、icity in compression perpendicular to the grain Property relating to the inclination of the straight line joining two points in figure 3 corresponding to the loads 0,1 F c,90,max and 0,4 F c,90,max . 3.3 shear strength parallel to the grain Maximum test load (F max ) per unit area of the test piece,
25、 multiplied by a factor of 0,97 (i.e. cos 148). 4 Symbols b test piece width, in millimetres; E c,90 modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; E t,90 modulus of elasticity in tension perpendicular to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre
26、; F applied load, in newtons; F c,90 compressive load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; F c,90,max maximum compressive load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; F c,90,max,est estimated maximum compressive load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; F t,90 tensile load perpendicular to the
27、 grain, in newtons; F t,90,max maximum tensile load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; F max maximum load applied by the test machine, in newtons; f c,90 compressive strength perpendicular to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; f t,90 tensile strength perpendicular to the grain, in new
28、tons per square millimetre; f v shear strength parallel to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; h test piece height, in millimetres; h 0 gauge length, in millimetres; l test piece length, in millimetres; t plate thickness, in millimetres; w deformation, in millimetres. 5 Determination of dim
29、ensions of test piece The dimensions of the test pieces shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 %. All measurements shall be made when the test pieces are conditioned as specified in clause 7, and planed. NOTE. If the width or length varies, then these dimensions should be recorded as the average of t
30、hree measurements on the height of the test piece. 6 Determination of density of test pieces The density of the test pieces shall be determined prior to test from the measurements of mass and volume of the whole test piece. 7 Conditioning of test pieces 7.1 General The tests shall be carried out on
31、test pieces which are conditioned at the standard environment of (20 2)8C and (65 5) % relative humidity. The test piece is conditioned when it attains constant mass. Constant mass is considered to be attained when the results of two successive weighings, carried out at an interval of 6 h, do not di
32、ffer by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the test piece. Where the timber to be tested is not readily conditionable to the above standard environment, (e.g. for hardwoods with high densities), that fact shall be reported. 7.2 Test area environment Unless otherwise protected, test pieces shall not be r
33、emoved from the conditioning environment more than 1 h before testing. NOTE. Test pieces can be stored in the test area for up to 24 h provided they are close piled and wrapped in vapour tight sheeting.Page 4 EN 1193 : 1997 BSI 1998 Table 1. Dimensions of structural timber or glued laminated timber
34、test pieces Specimen characteristics Structural timber Glued laminated timber b (mm) h (mm) l (mm) Volume bl (mm 2 ) b$ (mm) h (mm) Tension 45 180 70 0,01 m 3 25000 100 400 Compression 45 90 70 25000 100 200 The symbols are as given in clause 4. The permissible tolerances of the test piece dimension
35、s b, h and l shall be 1 %. 8 Determination of tension and compression strengths perpendicular to the grain 8.1 Requirements for test pieces 8.1.1 Fabrication The fabrication of the test pieces shall be such as will allow for the application of the loads to the test piece. NOTE 1. Suitable arrangemen
36、ts are shown in annexes A and B. For tension tests, the test piece shall be glued to steel plates. The gluing process shall be capable of ensuring the specified position of the test piece during testing. NOTE 2. A suitable adhesive for fixing the steel plates to the timber test piece is a two-part e
37、poxy. Immediately prior to gluing, the surfaces to be joined should be prepared by planing the timber test piece surfaces and sandblasting the steel plates. 8.1.1.1 Surface preparation The loaded surfaces shall be accurately prepared to ensure that they are plane and parallel to each other and perpe
38、ndicular to the test piece axis. This preparation shall be carried out after conditioning. 8.1.1.2 Structural timber The test pieces shall have the dimensions given in table 1 and be as shown in figure 1a. 8.1.1.3 Glued laminated timber The test pieces shall have the dimensions given in table 1, wit
39、h the object of achieving a volume of 0,01 m 3 for tension test pieces, and be as shown in figure 1b. 8.2 Procedure The test piece shall be mounted vertically between the test machine platens and the appropriate compression or tension loads applied. The gauge length, h 0 (approximately 0,6 h), shall
40、 be located centrally in the test piece height and not closer than b/3 to the loaded ends of the test piece, (see figure 2). Figure 1a. Structural timber test piece Figure 1b. Glued laminated timber test piecePage 5 EN 1193 : 1997 BSI 1998 Figure 2. Test principle The loading equipment used shall be
41、 capable of measuring the load to an accuracy of 1 % of the load applied to the test piece or, for loads less than 10 % of the maximum load, with an accuracy of 0,1 % of the maximum load. The test piece shall be loaded concentrically. NOTE 1. This can be achieved using spherically seated loading-hea
42、ds (see also annexes A and B). In the case of the compression test, after an initial load has been applied, the loading-heads shall be locked to prevent rotation or angular movement during the test. NOTE 2. Suitable devices are shown in annex A. In the case of either a tension test or a compression
43、test the longitudinal axis of the test piece shall be aligned with the axis of the machine and fixed in such a way that no initial stresses in the test piece are introduced, except those due to the weight of the test piece and the equipment. In the case of tension tests on solid timber the test piec
44、e shall have pinned ends, with the axis of the pin parallel to the grain direction of the test piece. The load F shall be applied at a constant rate of cross head movement throughout the test. The rate of loading shall be adjusted so that the maximum load F c,90,max,est or F t,90,max is reached with
45、in (300 120) s. NOTE 3. This rate should be determined from the results of preliminary tests. The objective is that the time to reach F max for each test piece is 300 s. NOTE 4. The relationship between F c,90,max,est and F c,90,max is discussed in 9.3.1. 8.3 Expression of results 8.3.1 Compression
46、perpendicular to the grain The compressive strength f c,90 shall be determined from the equation: f c,90 = F c,90,max bl The compressive strength shall be calculated to an accuracy of 1 %. The method for determining F c,90,max is given in 9.3. The symbols are as given in clause 4. 8.3.2 Tension perp
47、endicular to the grain The tensile strength f t,90 shall be determined from the equation: f t,90 = F t,90,max bl The tensile strength shall be calculated to an accuracy of 1 %. The symbols are as given in clause 4. The result of a test shall be disregarded where failure occurs on the system used to
48、connect the test piece to the testing machine (e.g. in the glue line between the steel plates and the timber of the test piece). If the failure occurs partly in the glued area of the test piece/steel plate interface, the result is valid only if this area is less than 20 % of the area of failure. 9 D
49、etermination of modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the grain 9.1 Requirements for test pieces The shape and dimensions of the test pieces shall comply with 8.1. 9.2 Procedure The test pieces shall be mounted in the loading equipment as specified in 8.2, and the loading procedure described in 8.2 shall be followed. Two extensometers shall be used, and shall be positioned to minimize the effects of distortion. The extensometers shall measure the deformations which shall be determined to an accuracy of 1 %. The deform
