1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58concrete with open structureThe European Standard EN 1354:2005 has the status of a British Standard
2、ICS 91.100.30Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1354:2005BS EN 1354:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2005 BSI 28 September 2005ISBN 0 580 46611 6request to its
3、secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Cat
4、alogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document
5、comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations rep
6、resented on this committee can be obtained on present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forew
7、ordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1354:2005. It supersedes BS EN 1354:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/523, Prefabricated components of reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete and lightweight a
8、ggregate concrete, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1354 July 2005 ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 1354:1996 English version Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structu
9、re Dtermination de la rsistance la compression du bton de granulats lgers structure ouverte Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von haufwerksporigem Leichtbeton This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 June 2005. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipu
10、late the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard ex
11、ists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards b
12、odies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE
13、FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1354:2005: EEN 1354:2005 (E) 2 Contents p
14、age Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Apparatus .4 5 Test specimens5 6 Compression test.7 7 Test results.7 8 Test report 8 Annex A (normative) Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure on test specimens east in moulds.10 Ann
15、ex B (informative) Determination of the fresh density of LAC in situ by means of the water replacement method13 Bibliography 16 EN 1354:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 1354:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 177 “Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aer
16、ated concrete or light-weight aggregate concrete with open structure”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2006, and conflicting nation
17、al standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2006. This document supersedes EN 1354:1996. In order to meet the performance requirements as laid down in the product standard for prefabricated components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure, a number of standardized test m
18、ethods are necessary. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel
19、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1354:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method of determining the compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete w
20、ith open structure (LAC) according to EN 1520. The reference test method uses test specimens (cores or cubes) taken from prefabricated components. Test specimens cast separately in moulds may also be used. This alternative procedure is described in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following refer
21、enced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 992, Determination of the dry density of lightweight aggregate co
22、ncrete with open structure EN 1520, Prefabricated reinforced components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure EN 12350-1, Testing fresh concrete - Part 1: Sampling EN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete - Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds EN 123
23、90-2, Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests EN 12390-4, Testing hardened concrete - Part 4: Compressive strength - Specification for testing machines EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures - Part 1: Cored specimens - Testing, examining and testing in
24、compression 3 Principle The compressive strength is determined on test specimens taken from prefabricated components. It is defined as the ratio between the rupture load in axial compression and the cross-sectional area of the test specimen. 4 Apparatus a) A compression testing machine which meets t
25、he requirements of EN 12390-4 for testing machines of machine class 1 or 2; b) calipers, capable of reading the dimensions of the test specimens to an accuracy of 0,1 mm; c) straight-edge (at least as long as the longest diagonal of the test specimen surfaces, in the case of cylinders: at least as l
26、ong as the generatrices) and a 0,5 mm-feeler gauge; EN 1354:2005 (E) 5 d) equalising layers of soft fibreboard with a thickness of (12 2) mm and a density of (250 to 400) kg/m to be inserted between the loadbearing surfaces of the test specimens and the platens of the compression testing machine (no
27、t required in the case of levelling the loadbearing surfaces by grinding or capping). The edge length or the diameter of the equalising layers shall not exceed that of the loadbearing surfaces of the test specimen by more than 5 mm (see NOTE 1); e) balance, capable of determining the mass of the tes
28、t specimens to an accuracy of 0,1 %; f) ventilated drying oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 5) C (see NOTE 2); g) equipment for drilling cores from reinforced components, with water cooled diamond bit and sufficiently rigid so that the cores can be obtained with straight sides with
29、a minimum of surface irregularities and disturbances; h) any saw suitable for cutting reinforced LAC components. NOTE 1 The use of equalising layers with larger size may give higher strength results, especially for LAC in the lower strength range, due to the effect of lateral restraint. NOTE 2 In ad
30、dition a ventilated drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (40 to 60) C can be helpful for conditioning of test specimens. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Sample The sample for the preparation of the test specimens (usually at least one prefabricated component) shall be taken in such a manner that
31、 it is representative of the product to be investigated. 5.2 Shape and size of test specimens The test specimens shall be cores with a length equal to the diameter, or cubes. The preferred diameter or edge length, respectively, is 100 mm (reference test specimens). NOTE 1 Experience has shown, that
32、the strength results are practically the same in both cases. In EN 1520 both are considered as cube strength. NOTE 2 In the case of hollow core components or multilayer components it may be necessary to use smaller test specimens. 5.3 Number of test specimens A test set shall consist of at least thr
33、ee test specimens. If test specimens with a diameter or an edge length below 70 mm or less than three times the maximum aggregate size are used, at least six test specimens shall be tested. 5.4 Preparation of test specimens The test specimens shall preferably be taken from the following areas of com
34、ponents: solid and hollow core components: from the compression zone; if the shear strength shall be derived from the compressive strength, it may be necessary to take test specimens also from the weakest zone of the component (see NOTE 1) or, if applicable, from the webs between the hollow cores. m
35、ultilayer components: from the weakest part of the middle layer (see NOTE 2). EN 1354:2005 (E) 6 Cores shall be taken and prepared according to EN 12504-1 unless otherwise stated in this European Standard. If possible, the axis of the cores shall be chosen parallel to the direction of the compressiv
36、e stresses in the component. Cubes shall be cut by means of a saw, preferably a circular saw with water-cooled carborundum or diamond blade. One axis of the cubes shall be parallel to the direction of the compressive stresses in the component. The test specimens shall not contain any reinforcing bar
37、s in, or close to, the direction of the compressive force during the test. One or two reinforcing bars approximately perpendicular to the direction of the compressive force and with a diameter not exceeding 10 mm may be permitted, but should be avoided, if possible. The presence of steel within a te
38、st specimen shall be mentioned in the test report. The test specimens shall be drilled or cut within a period of (1 to 7) days before the compression test and stored until the test in air at (20 5) C and (50 15) % relative humidity. The moisture content at the compression test shall be 4 % by mass.
39、If the moisture content is found to be lower, the test specimens shall be wetted and subsequently stored under the conditions specified above for at least 1 day prior to the compression test. NOTE 1 Depending on the manufacturing process, the strength can decrease or increase from top to bottom. NOT
40、E 2 In general, it will not be possible to take test specimens with the required dimensions for the compression test from the thin outer layers of multilayer components. A feasible method would be to take several cores perpendicular to the plane of the component, to separate the outer layers of the
41、cores by cutting and to glue several of these discs one on top of the other until the required length (see 5.2) has been attained. In order to prevent impermissible strength increase by partly filling the interstitial pores with glue, only a minimum amount of glue should be used, and the glue, prefe
42、rably epoxy resin or cement paste, should have a plastic rather than a liquid consistency. Another possibility would be to add an additional length to the component and make it homogeneous, using concrete of the outer layers, and to take the test specimens from this part of the component. This metho
43、d can also be used in the case of hollow core components, where it is not normally possible to take test specimens with the required dimensions from the thin top and bottom layers. 5.5 Checking the dimension and the shape of test specimens The dimensions and the shape of the test specimens shall be
44、checked according to EN 12504-1. Each dimension shall be determined to an accuracy of 0,2 % by at least two measurements, taken at different positions, and the considered dimension is determined by the mean value. The length of cylinders shall not deviate from their diameter by more than 5 %. 5.6 Tr
45、eating of loadbearing surfaces The loadbearing surfaces shall not depart from perpendicularity with the longitudinal axis of the test specimen by more than 1. In the case of cubes the surfaces approximately perpendicular to the compressive stresses in the component when in use shall be chosen as the
46、 loadbearing surfaces. The loadbearing surfaces of the test specimens shall be plane within 0,5 mm. Planeness shall be checked across two orthogonal diameters or across the two diagonals, respectively, using a straight-edge and, if necessary, a 0,5 mm-feeler gauge. Necessary corrections of perpendic
47、ularity and/or planeness shall be made by cutting or grinding or, if applicable, by capping of the loadbearing surfaces. 5.7 Determination of mass of test specimens in air-dry state Immediately before the compression test the mass of the test specimens shall be determined in the actual air-dry state
48、. EN 1354:2005 (E) 7 NOTE The term “air-dry“ is not related to a strictly defined moisture content. The air-dry mass or density is therefore no absolute value but may be used for comparing the individual test specimens within a test set or for the calculation of the volume of a concrete sample taken
49、 from a crushed compression specimen to determine the dry density in accordance with EN 992. 6 Compression test The platens of the compression-testing machine shall be wiped clean, and the test specimen shall be positioned in the compression testing machine. In the case of test specimens where the loadbearing surfaces have not been capped or levelled by grinding and depart from planeness by more than 0,2 mm, equalising layers of soft fibreboard, as specified in 4 d), shall be inserted between the loadbearing s
