1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawingThe European Standard EN 1367-1:2007 has
2、 the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.15; 91.100.30Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1367-1:2007BS EN 1367-1:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISB
3、N 978 0 580 53553 6Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1367-1:2007.
4、It supersedes BS EN 1367-1:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/502, Aggregates, to Subcommittee B/502/6, Test methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication
5、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1367-1March 2007ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 1367-1:1999 English VersionTests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawin
6、gEssais de dtermination des proprits thermiques et delaltrabilit des granulats - Partie 1: Dtermination de larsistance au gel-dgelPrfverfahren fr thermische Eigenschaften undVerwitterungsbestndigkeit von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 1:Bestimmung des Widerstands gegen Frost-Tau-WechselThis European Standa
7、rd was approved by CEN on 12 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning su
8、ch nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
9、and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembour
10、g, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of e
11、xploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1367-1:2007: EEN 1367-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions4 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus .5 6 Sampling .5 7 Test specimens 5 7.1 General5 7.2 Size o
12、f test specimens.7 7.3 Preparation of test specimens7 8 Procedure .7 8.1 Soaking .7 8.2 Exposure to freezing under water 7 9 Determination of the percentage mass loss .8 10 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Precision 10 Annex B (informative) Determination of the strength loss after freeze-thaw cyc
13、ling 11 Bibliography 12 EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1367-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identic
14、al text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007. This document supersedes EN 1367-1:1999. This European Standard is one of a series of tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates as listed
15、 below: EN 1367-2, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 2: Magnesium sulfate test EN 1367-3, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 3: Boiling test for “Sonnenbrand basalt“ EN 1367-4, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 4:
16、Determination of drying shrinkage EN 1367-5, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 5: Determination of resistance to thermal shock prEN 1367-6, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 6: Resistance to freezing and thawing in the presence of salt Test m
17、ethods for other properties of aggregates will be covered by parts of the following European Standards: EN 932, Tests for general properties of aggregates EN 933, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates EN 1097, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates EN 1744, Tests for che
18、mical properties of aggregates EN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
19、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard
20、 specifies a test method which provides information on how an aggregate behaves when it is subjected to the cyclic action of freezing and thawing. NOTE The stresses on aggregates due to frost depend, amongst other factors, on the degree of water saturation as well as the rate of cooling. The results
21、 provide a means for assessing an aggregates resistance to this form of weathering. The test is applicable to aggregates having a particle size between 4 mm and 63 mm. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc
22、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1: Methods for sampling EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for red
23、ucing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution Test sieves, nominal size of apertures EN 1097-2, Tests for mechanical a
24、nd physical properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test specimen sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more tha
25、n one determination of a property 3.2 laboratory sample reduced sample derived from a bulk sample for laboratory testing 3.3 constant mass successive weightings after drying at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 % NOTE In many cases constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has
26、been dried for a pre-determined period in a specified oven at (110 5) C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 5 4 Principle Test portions of single siz
27、ed aggregates, having been soaked in water at atmospheric pressure, are subjected to 10 freeze-thaw cycles. This involves cooling to -17,5 C under water and then thawing in a water bath at about 20 C. After completion of the freeze-thaw cycles, the aggregates are examined for any changes (crack form
28、ation, loss in mass and, if appropriate, changes in strength). The test method consists of soaking at atmospheric pressure and storage in water for thorough water absorption (see 8.1) and exposure to frost action under water (see 8.2). 5 Apparatus 5.1 All apparatus, unless otherwise stated, shall co
29、nform to the general requirements of EN 932-5. 5.2 Ventilated drying oven, with forced circulation of adequate capacity. The oven shall be capable of being controlled at (110 5) C. 5.3 Balance, with an accuracy of 0,1 g, of adequate capacity. 5.4 Low temperature cabinet, (upright or chest) with air
30、circulation. The cabinet shall be automatically controlled to adhere to the temperature curve shown in Figure 1. The sample temperature in the thawing out phase can be controlled either by air circulation or immersion of sample cans in a 20 C water bath. A manual method of control may be used, provi
31、ded the correct cooling curve, as shown in Figure 1, is adhered to. In the case of a dispute, the automatic control shall be used. 5.5 Cans, made from seamless drawn or welded corrosion-resistant sheet metal, with a thickness of about 0,6 mm, having a nominal capacity of 2 000 ml, an internal diamet
32、er of 120 mm to 140 mm, and an internal height of 170 mm to 220 mm are suitable. Cans shall be covered by suitable lids. For lightweight aggregates, cans shall be suitably ballasted. 5.6 Test sieves, conforming to EN 933-2. 5.7 Water, distilled or de-ionised. 6 Sampling Sampling shall be carried out
33、 in accordance with EN 932-1. 7 Test specimens 7.1 General Three individual test specimens shall be used. The test specimens shall be obtained in accordance with EN 932-2 by sample reduction from aggregates from which oversized and undersized fractions have been removed. NOTE If it is intended to ca
34、rry out a strength test after the freeze-thaw cyclic loading, this test should be performed on an appropriate grading sieved out from the laboratory sample, in accordance with Annex B. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 6 -25-20-15-10-505101520250 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24YX123K
35、ey 1 upper limit 2 control 3 lower limit X time, in hours Y temperature, in C Figure 1 Temperature curve in the centre of the filled can (reference measuring point) located in the middle of the cabinet EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 7 7.2 Size of test specimens The preferred size fraction shall be within the ra
36、nge 8 mm to 16 mm, but if required, any of the sizes listed in Table 1 may be used. The quantities for each of the three individual test portions are specified in Table 1, and deviations of 5 % are permissible. Table 1 Mass of test portions required for the freeze-thaw cyclic test Maximum aggregate
37、size mm Mass or volume of aggregate required Normal aggregate g Lightweight aggregate (bulk volume) ml 4 to 8 8 to 16 16 to 32 32 to 63 1 000 2 000 4 000 a6 000 a500 1 000 1 500 - aAdditional cans will be necessary. 7.3 Preparation of test specimens The test specimens shall be washed and adherent pa
38、rticles removed. They shall be dried to constant mass at (110 5) C, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and weighed immediately (M1). For lightweight aggregates, dry to constant mass. Weighing shall be carried out to the following accuracies: aggregates up to 16 mm size, to 0,2 g; aggregates abov
39、e 16 mm size, to 0,5 g. 8 Procedure 8.1 Soaking The test specimens prepared in accordance with 7.3 shall be stored at atmospheric pressure for (24 1) h in the cans specified in 5.5 at (20 5) C, in distilled or de-mineralized water, the water covering the test portions by at least 10 mm for the full
40、24 h period of soaking. 8.2 Exposure to freezing under water Check that the water level in each can is still at least 10 mm above the top of the test specimen and place the lids on the cans. Place the covered cans containing the test specimens in the cabinet, ensuring that the distance between the c
41、ans and the sidewalls of the cabinet is not less than 50 mm and the cans are not touching, in order that the heat is extracted from them as uniformly as possible from all sides. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 8 Using the temperature at the centre of a covered can, situated in the centre of the cooled area, as t
42、he reference measuring point of temperature, regulate the cabinet so that the temperature follows a cooling curve inside the limits as shown in Figure 1. Subject the samples in the cabinet to a series of 10 freeze-thaw cycles as follows: a) reduce the temperature from (20 5) C to (0 to 1) C in (150
43、60) min and hold at (0 to 1) C for (210 90) min; b) reduce the temperature from (0 to 1) C to (- 17,5 2,5) C in (180 60) min and hold at (- 17,5 2,5) C for a minimum of 240 min; NOTE If it is necessary to interrupt the test during the freezing cycle or when under manual control, for example at weeke
44、nds, the cans should be kept at (- 17,5 2,5) C. Any interruption should not exceed 72 h. c) at no stage allow the air temperature to fall below -22 C; d) after the completion of each freezing cycle thaw the cans by immersion in water at approximately 20 C. Thawing shall be considered to be completed
45、 when the temperature has reached (20 3) C; e) after the completion of each thawing phase hold the cans in water at (20 3) C for a maximum of 10 h. Each freeze-thaw cycle shall be completed within 24 h. On completion of the tenth cycle, pour the contents of each can into a test sieve having an apert
46、ure size that is half the lower size sieve used to prepare the test specimen (e.g. in the case of the 8 mm to 16 mm fraction, into a test sieve of 4 mm aperture size). Wash and sieve the test specimen on the specified sieve by hand. Dry the residue remaining on the sieve at (110 5) C to constant mas
47、s, cool to ambient temperature and weigh immediately (M2). 9 Determination of the percentage mass loss Calculate the undersize by combining the residues from the three test specimens, weigh and express the mass obtained as a percentage of the mass of the combined test specimens. Calculate the result
48、 of the freeze-thaw test (F) in accordance with Equation (1) below: 121100MMFM= (1) where M1 is the initial dry total mass of the three test specimens, in grams; M2is the final dry total mass of the three test specimens, that is retained on the specified sieve, in grams; F is the percentage loss in
49、mass of the three test specimens after freeze-thaw cycling. NOTE A statement on the precision of this test is given in Annex A. EN 1367-1:2007 (E) 9 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 1367-1; sampling method if known and marking, type and origin of the laboratory samples; shape, size, gradings and number of laboratory samples; visual observations of the
