1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12846-1:2011 BS 2000-484:2011Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of efflux time by the efflux viscometerPart 1: Bituminous emulsionsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EX
2、CHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12846-1:2011. It supersedes BS EN 12846:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techni
3、cal Committee PTI/13, Petroleum Testing and Terminology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Energy Institute, under the brand of IP, publishes and sells all Parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methodsthat would be Part of BS 20
4、00, both in its annualpublication “Standard methods for analysis and testing ofpetroleum and related products and British Standard2000 Parts” and individually.Further information is available from: Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR. Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472.This
5、 publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 64495 5 ICS 91.100.50 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published u
6、nder the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM
7、 EN 12846-1 March 2011 ICS 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 12846:2002English Version Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of efflux time by the efflux viscometer - Part 1: Bituminous emulsions Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Dtermination du temps dcoulement laide dun viscosimtre coulement - Partie
8、1: Emulsions de bitume Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der Ausflusszeit mittels Ausflussviskosimeter - Teil 1: Bitumenemulsionen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulat
9、e the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Stan
10、dard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nat
11、ional standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switze
12、rland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. E
13、N 12846-1:2011: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EN 12846-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 45 Reagents and materials 56 Apparatus .57 Sampli
14、ng .68 Procedure .68.1 General 68.2 Preparation of apparatus 78.3 Measurement 79 Expression of results 810 Precision .810.1 General 810.2 Repeatability .810.3 Reproducibility .811 Test report 9Annex A (normative) Specifications of thermometer . 12Bibliography . 13Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANG
15、E CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EN 12846-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12846-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous binders”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given t
16、he status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
17、 be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12846:2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, a
18、nd supports essential requirements of EU Directive 89/106/EEC. This European Standard EN 12846 consists of the following parts under the general title Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of efflux time by the efflux viscometer: Part 1: Bituminous emulsions; Part 2: Cut-back and fluxed bitum
19、inous binders. EN 12846-1 has been created as the result of the merging of EN 12846:2002 and EN 13357:2002 under a single EN 12846 reference (two different parts), since both standards describe very similar procedures with identical equipment. The two different parts have been made as consistent as
20、possible by eliminating all existing minor differences between both methods. Compared with the previous edition, EN 12846:2002, the scope and principle were detailed, Figure 2 was added, tolerances were specified or modified in the apparatus dimensions, details were added in the test procedure and m
21、easurements made and the test precision data were reviewed. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
22、 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, U
23、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EN 12846-1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 40 C of bituminous emulsions in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperature is 50 C. NOTE The procedure described in thi
24、s standard may also be followed to determine efflux time at other temperatures such as for instance 25 C. WARNING The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
25、 its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of thi
26、s document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders Sampling bituminous binders EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders Preparation of test s
27、amples EN 13302, Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of dynamic viscosity of bituminous binder using a rotating spindle apparatus EN ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders (ISO 4788:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms an
28、d definitions apply. 3.1 viscosity internal resistance of a fluid to flow 3.2 efflux time time needed for a specified volume of a material to flow through a specified orifice at a specified temperature NOTE The efflux time is an indirect measure of the viscosity and is also referred to as “pseudo-vi
29、scosity”. 4 Principle The efflux time of a bituminous emulsion is determined using an efflux viscometer known as the Standard Tar Viscometer (STV) which determines the time of efflux of a 50 ml sample through a 10 mm or a 4 mm or a 2 mm orifice at a specified temperature. Whatever temperatures or or
30、ifice diameters used, the efflux time shall not exceed 600 s. For highly viscous emulsions, EN 13302 shall be used. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EN 12846-1:2011 (E) 5 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 Light mineral oi
31、l. Light mineral oil having a viscosity equal or lower than 7 mm2/s at 40 C. 5.2 Solution Sa. Aqueous solution with a 1 % mass of sodium lauryl sulfate preferably, or aqueous solution with a nominal 1 % mass of sodium oleate shall be used for testing anionic emulsions. Those solutions (surfactants)
32、shall be solubilised with 1 % mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The actual soap solution may be used if available on site, in case of routine tests or for simplicity. NOTE Sastands for “anionic solution“ as this solution is used for testing anionic emulsions. 5.3 Solution Sc. Aqueous solution with a
33、1 % mass of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride preferably, or aqueous solution with a nominal 1 % mass of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide shall be used for testing cationic emulsions. Those surfactants shall be solubilised with 1 % mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (HCl concentration shall be approximatel
34、y equal to 1 mol/l). The actual aqueous phase may be used if available on site, in case of routine tests or for simplicity. NOTE 1 SCstands for “cationic solution“ as this solution is used for testing cationic emulsions. NOTE 2 The solution of 1 % of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide should be prepared
35、 slightly above 25 C (but not higher than 30 C). Then it should be stored at a temperature of (251) C before test. 6 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following: 6.1 Efflux viscometer (see an example of viscometer on Figure 1) consisting essentially of a cup with
36、an orifice in the centre of the base which may be closed by a ball-and-socket valve (see Figure 2). Three forms are required, differing only in the size of the orifice (10 mm, 4 mm and 2 mm). For other dimensions of the cup and the ball-valve, see Figure 3. The cup cylinder shall be made of brass. T
37、he ball valve should be made of corrosion-resistant metal, with a ball on a rod, a levelling peg attached to the rod and a hemispherical top by means of which the valve may be supported in a vertical position. The viscometer cups shall be equipped with suitable corks or caps for closing the orifices
38、 with the ball valve in position, and some means of covering the cups (e.g. lids) to prevent evaporation of water and minimize surface cooling effects. The viscometer-cup holder shall be capable of: supporting one or more cups in a vertical position; providing a valve support to hold the valve at le
39、ast 16 mm vertically above the orifice of the cup during efflux of the test material. NOTE 1 To enhance resistance to wear and corrosion of the ball and socket valve, the bottom of the cup may be made from a different, corrosion resistant, material and screwed to the brass tube. It is then advised t
40、o use the same material, such as for instance phosphor-bronze, for the cup bottom and the ball valve. Wrought nickel alloy with copper or metals NiCu30 in accordance with ISO 9722 are possible materials for the rod of the ball valve. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011
41、09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EN 12846-1:2011 (E) 6 NOTE 2 The viscometer cup should be provided with a lid suitable for closing the upper end of the cup without touching the test material when the cup is filled. This lid is provided with a central hole through which the thermom
42、eter can pass and with a groove on one side through which the rod of the valve can pass. 6.2 Viscometer water-bath, constant temperature for maintaining the test temperature to within 0,5 C. A typical elevation and a plan of assembled viscometer are given in Figure 1. 6.3 Temperature controlled wate
43、r bath, maintained at (40,0 0,5) C, in which one or more of the viscometer cups can be immersed up to the rim of the cup. NOTE 1 Other test temperatures are (50,0 0,5) C or (25,0 0,5) C. If a multiple-cup heating bath is used, the cups shall be separated from each other and from the walls of the bat
44、h by at least 55 mm. A suitable support shall be provided to maintain the cup(s) in a vertical position. An appropriate climatic chamber may be used for low breaking index emulsions (see 8.3.4). NOTE 2 The viscometer water bath (6.2) may also be used to directly condition the test sample in the cup.
45、 6.4 Thermometers, two, conforming to the requirements described in Annex A. Other temperature measuring devices may be used instead of mercury stem thermometers. However, the mercury stem thermometer is the reference device. Therefore any alternative device employed shall be calibrated so as to pro
46、vide the same readings as would be provided by the mercury stem thermometer, recognising and allowing for the fact of changed thermal response times compared with the mercury thermometer. When measuring and controlling nominally constant temperatures, as in this test method, alternative devices can
47、indicate greater cyclic variations than mercury thermometers, to an extent depending on the cycle time of heating and the power of the controlled heat input. 6.5 Receiver, consisting of a 100 ml cylinder with graduations at 20 ml, 25 ml and 75 ml, complying with the requirements of EN ISO 4788. 6.6
48、Timing device, capable of measuring the efflux time with an accuracy of 0,2 s. 7 Sampling The material under test shall be sampled in accordance with EN 58 and prepared in accordance with EN 12594. The test shall be carried out in duplicate. 8 Procedure 8.1 General Carry out the procedure in laborat
49、ory at room temperature between 18 C to 28 C. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/08/2011 09:07, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12846-1:2011EN 12846-1:2011 (E) 7 8.2 Preparation of apparatus Clean the viscometer cup (6.1) with a suitable solvent, to remove any mark of binder, and thoroughly dry it to remove all traces of solvent. If necessary, rub the interior of the cup and/or clean the orifice. Use soft tissue-paper or some sim
