1、Designation: F412 12An American National StandardStandard Terminology Relating toPlastic Piping Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions o
3、ftechnical terms used in the plastic piping industry. Terms thatare generally understood or adequately defined in other readilyavailable sources are not included.1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for whichCommittee F17 is responsible it is included only when judged,after review, by Subcomm
4、ittee F17.91 to be a generally usableterm.1.3 Definitions that are identical to those published by otherASTM committees or other standards organizations are iden-tified with the committee number (for example, D20) or withthe abbreviation of the name of the organization (for example,IUPAC Internation
5、al Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-mation included in notes.1.5 Definitions are followed by the committee responsiblefor the standard(s) (for example, F17.26) and standardnumbers(s) in which they are used (for example, F714).2. Referen
6、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in
7、the Edgewise PositionD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-tics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Termino
8、logy Relating to PlasticsD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1488 Test Method for Amylaceous Mat
9、ter in AdhesivesD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1527 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80D1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2104 Specification for Po
10、lyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Schedule 403D2239 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside DiameterD2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe3D244
11、4 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D2447 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside Diameter3D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas PressurePipe, Tubing, and
12、FittingsD2661 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand FittingsD2666 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing3D2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite SewerPiping1T
13、his terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.91 on Editorialand Terminology.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2009
14、as F412 09. DOI:10.1520/F0412-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approve
15、d version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D2683 Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittingsfor Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe andTubingD2
16、737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Sewer Pipe and FittingsD2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsD2846/D2846M Speci
17、fication for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribu-tion SystemsD3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD3139 Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure PipesUsing Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3261 Specif
18、ication for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingD3309 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot- andCold-Water Distribution SystemsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsF402 Practice for Safe Handling
19、of Solvent Cements, Prim-ers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe andFittingsF405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipeand FittingsF441/F441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80F442/F442M Specification for Chlorinated
20、Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDRPR)F449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of CorrugatedPolyethylene Pipe forAgricultural Drainage or Water TableControlF628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent PipeWith a Cellular CoreF645 Gu
21、ide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Ther-moplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsF714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF771 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) ThermoplasticHigh-Pressure Irrigation Pipeline SystemsF876 Specification for Cro
22、sslinked Polyethylene (PEX)TubingF877 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsF891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular CoreF948 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipingSystems and Components Unde
23、r Constant Internal Pres-sure With FlowF1025 Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc-tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF1335 Specification for Pressure-Rated Composite Pipe andFittings for Elevated Temperature Service3F1473
24、Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure theResistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipesand ResinsF1488 Specification for Coextruded Composite PipeF1499 Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain,Waste, and Vent Pipe (DWV)F1668 Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried PlasticPipe
25、F1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and TubingF1760 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled ContentF1924 Specification for Plastic Mechanical Fittings for Useon Outsi
26、de Diameter Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distri-bution Pipe and TubingF1948 Specification for Metallic Mechanical Fittings forUse on Outside Diameter Controlled Thermoplastic GasDistribution Pipe and TubingF1970 Specification for Special Engineered Fittings,Appur-tenances or Valves for use in Poly (V
27、inyl Chloride) (PVC)or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) SystemsF1973 Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Ris-ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) andPolyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel GasDistribution SystemsF1986 Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, C
28、ompres-sion Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hot and ColdDrinking-Water SystemsF1987 Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, Compres-sion Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hydronic Heat-ing SystemsF2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Poly-amide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for
29、Use on OutsideDiameter Controlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipeand TubingF2158 Specification for Residential Central-Vacuum Tubeand FittingsF2160 Specification for Solid Wall High Density Polyeth-ylene (HDPE) Conduit Based on Controlled Outside Di-ameter (OD)F2176 Specification for Mechanical C
30、ouplings Used onPolyethylene Conduit, Duct and Innerduct2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3 Preferred NumbersISO 497 Preferred NumbersISO R 161 Pipes of Plastics Materials for the Transport ofFluids (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part I,Metric SeriesISO TR 9080 Thermolplastics Pipes for the Transpor
31、t ofFluids-Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic StressRupture Data to Determine the Long-Term HydrostaticStrength of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials2.3 ANSI Standard:4Z17.1 ANSI Preferred Numbers4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 1003
32、6, http:/www.ansi.org.F412 1222.4 PPI Standard:5PPI TR-43. Terminologyacceptance testingtesting performed on a product to deter-mine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements. F17DISCUSSIONThe number of requirements are usually fewer than forqualification te
33、sting (see definition).acetal plastics, nhighly crystalline linear thermoplastic ho-mopolymers or copolymers characterized by repeatingoxymethylene units. F17acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) pipe and fittingplasticsplastics containing polymers or blends of poly-mers, or both, in which the minim
34、um butadiene content is6%, the minimum acrylonitrile content is 15 %, the mini-mum styrene or substituted styrene content, or both, is 15 %,and the maximum content of all other monomers is not morethan 5 %; plus lubricants, stabilizers, and colorants.F17.61 D1527, D2282 17.62 D2680, D2751adhesivea s
35、ubstance capable of holding materials togetherby surface attachment. F17adhesive bonded jointsee joint, adhesive bonded.adhesive, solventsee solvent cement.adiabatic extrusiona method of extrusion in which, afterthe extrusion apparatus has been heated sufficiently byconventional means to plastify th
36、e material, the extrusionprocess can be continued with the sole source of heat beingthe conversion of the drive energy, through viscous resis-tance of the plastic mass in the extruder. D20 D883aging, n(1) the effect on materials of exposure to anenvironment for an interval of time.(2) the process of
37、 exposing materials to an environmentfor an interval of time. D20 D883alloy, nin plastics, two or more immiscible polymers united,usually by another component, to form a plastic resin havingenhanced performance properties. D20 D883antioxidant, ncompounding ingredient used to retard dete-rioration ca
38、used by oxidation. F17apparent densitythe weight per unit volume of a materialincluding voids inherent in the material as tested. F17DISCUSSIONThe term bulk density is commonly used for materialsuch as molding powder.approving authoritythe individual official, board, depart-ment, or agency establish
39、ed and authorized by a state,county, city, or other political subdivision, created by law toadminister and enforce specified requirements.artificial weatheringexposure to laboratory conditions,which may be cyclic, involving temperature, relative humid-ity, radiant energy, or any other conditions or
40、pollutantsfound in the atmosphere in various geographical areas; orboth. F17DISCUSSIONThe interlaboratory exposure conditions are usuallyintensified beyond those encountered in actual outdoor exposure in anattempt to achieve an accelerated effect.backfillall material used to fill the trench from bed
41、ding tofinished surface. F17.65 F449, F1668backfill, finalmaterial used to fill the trench from initialbackfill to finished surface. F17backfill, initialmaterial used to fill the trench from top ofbedding to a designated height over the pipe. F17backfill, pipe zonesee pipe zone backfill.backfill, un
42、consolidatednoncompacted material in place intrench. F17beam loadingthe application of a load to a pipe between twopoints of support, usually expressed in newtons (or pounds-force) and the distance between the centers of the supports.F17bedding, nmaterials placed in the bottom of the trench ontop of
43、 the foundation soil which provides stable bottomsupport for buried pipe including the trench bottom groovesupport angle or select material placed around the pipe, andenvelope or filter materials where used during insulation.F17.65 F449, F1668bedding, vplacement of support materials for buried pipe.
44、F17bell-and-spigot jointsee joint, bell-and-spigot gasket.bell endthe enlarged portion of a pipe that resembles thesocket portion of a fitting and that is intended to be used tomake a joint. F17benda fitting either molded separately or formed from pipefor the purpose of accommodating a directional c
45、hange.F17DISCUSSIONAlso called ell, elbow,orsweep. Bends generally implyfittings of relatively shorter radii than sweeps.beveled pipea pipe with an end chamfered to mate or adjustto another surface or to assist in assembly. F17binder, nin a reinforced plastic, the continuous phase whichholds togethe
46、r the reinforcement. D20 D883DISCUSSIONDuring fabrication, the binder, which may be eitherthermoplastic or thermoset, usually undergoes a change in state.blindingthe placement of soil, bedding material over and onthe sides of the pipe, tubing or envelope to ensure propergrade, alignment, support, an
47、d protection of pipe duringbackfilling and after installation. F17.65 F449blister, nan imperfection, a rounded elevation of the surfaceof a plastic, with boundaries that may be more or less sharplydefined, somewhat resembling in shape a blister on thehuman skin. D20 D883bloom, na visible exudation o
48、r efflorescence on the surfaceof a material. D20 D883blow moldinga method of fabrication in which a heatedparison (hollow tube) is forced into the shape of a moldcavity by internal gas pressure. D20 D883blowing agenta compounding ingredient used to producegas by chemical or thermal action, or both,
49、in manufacture ofhollow or cellular articles. D20 D883brittle failurea pipe failure mode which exhibits no visible(to the naked eye) permanent material deformation (stretch-ing, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the break.5Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.F412 123F17.40 F1473building drainthat part of the lowest horizontal piping of adrainage system that receives the discharge from soil, w
