1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15863:2015Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour testfor basic characterization Dynamic monolithicleaching test with periodicleachant renewal, under fixedconditionsBS EN 15863:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、 EN 15863:2015. Itsupersedes PD CEN/TS 15863:2012 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does n
3、ot purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 83658 9ICS 13.030.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obli
4、gations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15863:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15863 April 2015 ICS 13.030.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15
5、863:2012English Version Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation pour la caractrisation de base - Essai de
6、 lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement priodique du lixiviant, dans des conditions dessai fixes Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens fr die grundlegende Charakterisierung -Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren fr monolithische Abflle mit periodischer Erneuer
7、ung des Elutionsmittels unter festgelegten Prfbedingungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard withou
8、t any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other la
9、nguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denm
10、ark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE
11、 FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15863:2015 EBS EN 15863:2015EN
12、 15863:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Principle . 10 5 Reagents 10 6 Equipment . 11 7 Sample preparation 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 Preparation of the test portion 12 7.3 Determination of the geometric surface area 12
13、8 Procedure 13 8.1 Testing conditions 13 8.2 Step 1 of the leaching procedure 13 8.3 Steps 2 8 of the leaching procedure 13 8.4 Weight loss of the monolithic waste during the test 14 8.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis . 14 8.6 Blank test . 15 9 Calculations . 15 9.1 Expression of re
14、sults . 15 9.1.1 General . 15 9.1.2 Expression of results in terms of area related release . 16 9.1.3 Expression of results in concentrations 17 9.1.4 Calculation of release mechanism 17 10 Performance characteristics . 17 11 Documentation and test report . 18 11.1 General . 18 11.2 General data 18
15、11.3 Leaching test conditions . 18 11.4 Analytical report 18 11.5 Results of the leaching test . 19 Annex A (informative) Identification of release mechanisms and use of test results . 20 A.1 Introduction . 20 A.2 Examples of factors influencing the leaching of monolithic waste 20 A.3 Long term rele
16、ase prediction 22 Annex B (informative) Assessment of release mechanisms (if required) 23 B.1 Overview of release mechanisms . 23 B.2 Procedure of identification of release mechanisms . 24 B.3 Concentrations close to the limit of quantification . 25 B.3.1 Overall low concentrations 25 B.3.2 Surface
17、wash-off followed by low concentrations 26 B.4 Diffusion controlled release of a substance 26 BS EN 15863:2015EN 15863:2015 (E) 3 B.4.1 Identification of diffusion controlled release . 26 B.4.2 Surface wash-off preceding diffusion-controlled release . 28 B.4.3 Diffusion-controlled release followed b
18、y depletion . 28 B.4.4 Surface wash-off preceding diffusion-controlled release followed by depletion . 28 B.5 Dissolution controlled release of a substance . 28 B.6 Other release mechanism . 29 B.6.1 Unidentified release mechanism . 29 B.6.2 Surface wash-off of a substance . 29 B.6.3 Depletion of a
19、substance 30 B.6.4 Surface wash-off and depletion . 31 B.7 Calculation of release . 31 B.7.1 Area release . 31 B.7.2 Surface wash-off 31 B.7.3 Release in the case of dissolution . 31 B.7.4 Extrapolation of the cumulative area release for larger time values . 31 B.8 Examples 32 Annex C (informative)
20、Examples of data about the L/A ratio 51 Annex D (informative) Process map for EN 15863 . 52 Annex E (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 54 E.1 Material used in the interlaboratory comparison study 54 E.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 54 Bibliography 61 BS EN 15863:2015EN 1586
21、3:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15863:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endo
22、rsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for iden
23、tifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15863:2012. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document was elaborated on the basis of NEN 7345:1995. The following significant te
24、chnical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has been changed from a CEN/TS into a European Standard; performance data has been added (see Annex E). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fol
25、lowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
26、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15863:2015EN 15863:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This
27、 document specifies a dynamic leaching test for monolithic waste materials, to determine key parameters to address the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test metho
28、ds is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which ca
29、n be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shr
30、apnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations should be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble co
31、nstituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The com
32、plexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to
33、the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive 1)and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive 2)for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of th
34、e waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit va
35、lues, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Charac
36、terization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testi
37、ng. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance
38、with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for complian
39、ce purposes. 1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. BS EN 15863:2015EN 15863:2015 (E) 6 c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subject
40、ed to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a). According to EN 12920 the evaluation of the release of constituents from waste materials
41、 in a certain scenario involves the performance of various tests. This document describes one of the parametric test that can be used for such purposes, especially for monolithic waste. The test procedure allows the determination of the release under dynamic conditions of constituents from a monolit
42、hic waste material, as a function of time. This release is calculated from the concentrations of the constituents measured in the solution (eluate) that is collected in a fixed number of separate fractions. Besides, the following test conditions are fixed: the type of leachant, the temperature, the
43、liquid to surface area ratio (L/S), and the duration of the test. Results of this test, combined with those from other tests (e.g. EN 14429) and the use of more or less sophisticated models, allow the identification of the main leaching mechanisms that can be distinguished, such as diffusion, dissol
44、ution of constituents, initial surface wash-off, dissolution of the matrix (see Annex A). These intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials in practical situations or scenarios
45、as defined in EN 12920. For assessment of the leaching under equilibrium conditions (low L/A condition, pore water and/or long contact times) there are other tools available, such as the pH dependence test EN 14429, the percolation test for granular material CEN/TS 14405 (with L/S 0,1 l/kg to 0,5 l/
46、kg) and the batch test for granular waste EN 12457-1 to EN 12457-4. NOTE At low L/A conditions, pore water conditions in monolithic specimens can be approached. BS EN 15863:2015EN 15863:2015 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste
47、s under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant). This dynamic
48、 monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified
49、conditions. In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios). The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in a
