1、BSI Standards PublicationPhotovoltaic systems Design qualification of solar trackersBS EN 62817:2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62817:2015. It is identical to IEC 62817:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/82,
2、Photovoltaic Energy Systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 20
3、15.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81894 3ICS 27.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued
4、 since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62817:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 62817 March 2015 ICS 27.160 English Version Photovoltaic systems - Design qualification of solar trackers (IEC 62817:2014) Systmes photovoltaques - Qualification de conception des
5、 suiveurs solaires (IEC 62817:2014) Sonnen-Nachfhreinrichtungen fr photovoltaische Systeme - Bauarteignung (IEC 62817:2014) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-09-29. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for g
6、iving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in thr
7、ee official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national elec
8、trotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Ro
9、mania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruss
10、els 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 62817:2015 E BS EN 62817:2015EN 62817:2015 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 82/853/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62817, prepared by IEC/TC 82 “Solar photovoltaic energy sys
11、tems“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62817:2015. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-09-13 latest date by w
12、hich the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-09-29 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
13、t rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62817:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. BS EN 62817:2015- 3 - EN 62817:2015 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European pu
14、blications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
15、es. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu. Publication Year Title EN/HD
16、Year IEC 60068-2-6 - Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) EN 60068-2-6 - IEC 60068-2-21 - Environmental testing - Part 2-21: Tests - Test U: Robustness of terminations and integral mounting devices EN 60068-2-21 - IEC 60068-2-27 - Environmental testing - Part 2-2
17、7: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock EN 60068-2-27 - IEC 60068-2-75 - Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests EN 60068-2-75 - IEC 60529 - Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) - - IEC 60904-3 2008 Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles for t
18、errestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data EN 60904-3 2008 IEC 61000-4-5 2005 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test EN 61000-4-5 2006 IEC 62262 2002 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
19、 for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code) EN 62262 2002 ISO 12103-1 - Road vehicles_- Test dust for filter evaluation_- Part_1: Arizona test dust - - ISO/IEC 17025 - General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories EN ISO/IEC 17025 - BS EN
20、 62817:2015 2 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD. 6 1 Scope and object . 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications 9 5 Report . 12 6 Tracker definitions and taxonomy . 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Payload types . 13 6.2.1 Standard
21、photovoltaic (PV) module trackers . 13 6.2.2 Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module trackers . 13 6.3 Rotational axes . 14 6.3.1 General . 14 6.3.2 Single-axis trackers 14 6.3.3 Dual-axis trackers 15 6.4 Actuation and control 17 6.4.1 Architecture . 17 6.4.2 Drive train 17 6.4.3 Drive types 17 6.4.4
22、 Drive train torque . 18 6.5 Types of tracker control . 18 6.5.1 Passive control 18 6.5.2 Active control . 18 6.5.3 Backtracking 19 6.6 Structural characteristics . 19 6.6.1 Vertical supports 19 6.6.2 Foundation types . 20 6.6.3 Tracker positions . 20 6.6.4 Stow time . 21 6.7 Energy consumption 21 6
23、.7.1 Daily energy consumption 21 6.7.2 Stow energy consumption 21 6.8 External elements and interfaces . 21 6.8.1 Foundation 21 6.8.2 Foundation interface 21 6.8.3 Payload . 21 6.8.4 Payload interface . 22 6.8.5 Payload mechanical interface . 22 6.8.6 Payload electrical interface 22 6.8.7 Grounding
24、interface . 22 6.8.8 Installation effort 22 6.8.9 Control interface 22 6.9 Internal tolerances 23 6.9.1 Primary-axis tolerance . 23 6.9.2 Secondary axis tolerance . 23 6.9.3 Backlash 23 BS EN 62817:2015IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 3 6.9.4 Stiffness 23 6.10 Tracker system elements . 24 6.10.1 Mechanical s
25、tructure 24 6.10.2 Tracker controller . 24 6.10.3 Sensors . 24 6.11 Reliability terminology . 24 6.11.1 General . 24 6.11.2 Mean time between failures (MTBF) . 24 6.11.3 Mean time between critical failures (MTBCF) 25 6.11.4 Mean time to repair (MTTR) . 25 6.12 Environmental conditions 25 6.12.1 Oper
26、ating temperature range 25 6.12.2 Survival temperature range 25 6.12.3 Wind speed 25 6.12.4 Maximum wind during operation . 26 6.12.5 Maximum wind during stow . 26 6.12.6 Snow load 26 7 Tracker accuracy characterization 26 7.1 Overview 26 7.2 Pointing error (instantaneous) . 26 7.3 Measurement 27 7.
27、3.1 Overview . 27 7.3.2 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error 27 7.3.3 Calibration of pointing error measurement tool 28 7.4 Calculation of tracker accuracy 28 7.4.1 Overview . 28 7.4.2 Data collection . 28 7.4.3 Data binning by wind speed 29 7.4.4 Data filtering 30 7.4.5 Data qua
28、ntity . 30 7.4.6 Accuracy calculations . 30 8 Tracker test procedures . 31 8.1 Visual inspection . 31 8.1.1 Purpose . 31 8.1.2 Procedure 31 8.1.3 Requirements 31 8.2 Functional validation tests . 32 8.2.1 Purpose . 32 8.2.2 Tracking limits verification 32 8.2.3 Hard limit switch operation . 32 8.2.4
29、 Automatic sun tracking after power outage and feedback sensor shadowing . 32 8.2.5 Manual operation . 33 8.2.6 Emergency stop . 33 8.2.7 Maintenance mode . 33 8.2.8 Operational temperature range . 33 8.2.9 Wind stow 33 8.3 Performance tests . 33 8.3.1 Purpose . 33 BS EN 62817:2015 4 IEC 62817:2014
30、IEC 2014 8.3.2 Daily energy and peak power consumption . 33 8.3.3 Stow time and stow energy and power consumption 34 8.4 Mechanical testing 34 8.4.1 Purpose . 34 8.4.2 Control/drive train pointing repeatability test . 35 8.4.3 Deflection under static load test . 36 8.4.4 Torsional stiffness, mechani
31、cal drift, drive torque, and backlash testing 38 8.4.5 Moment testing under extreme wind loading . 41 8.5 Environmental testing 43 8.5.1 Purpose . 43 8.5.2 Procedure 43 8.5.3 Requirements 45 8.6 Accelerated mechanical cycling . 46 8.6.1 Purpose . 46 8.6.2 Procedure 46 8.6.3 Requirements 48 9 Design
32、qualification testing specific to tracker electronic equipment 48 9.1 General purpose . 48 9.2 Sequential testing for electronic components . 48 9.2.1 General . 48 9.2.2 Visual inspection of electronic components . 49 9.2.3 Functioning test . 50 9.2.4 Protection against dust, water, and foreign bodi
33、es (IP code) . 51 9.2.5 Protection against mechanical impacts (IK code) 51 9.2.6 Robustness of terminals test 52 9.2.7 Surge immunity test . 53 9.2.8 Shipping vibration test 53 9.2.9 Shock test 54 9.2.10 UV test 54 9.2.11 Thermal cycling test . 55 9.2.12 Humidity-freeze test . 56 9.2.13 Damp heat .
34、57 10 Additional optional accuracy calculations . 57 10.1 Typical tracking accuracy range 57 10.2 Tracking error histogram . 57 10.3 Percent of available irradiance as a function of pointing error . 58 Figure 1 Convention for elevation angle 16 Figure 2 Illustration of primary-axis tolerance for VPD
35、AT 23 Figure 3 General illustration of pointing error 27 Figure 4 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error . 27 Figure 5 Example measurement locations for structural deflection . 37 Figure 6 Load configurations while the payload is in the horizontal position . 37 Figure 7 Load config
36、uration when the payload is in the vertical position 37 Figure 8 Moment load applied to an elevation axis 39 Figure 9 Angular displacement versus applied torque to axis of rotation 39 Figure 10 Examples of characteristic length for (a) elevation torque, (b) azimuth torque . 41 BS EN 62817:2015IEC 62
37、817:2014 IEC 2014 5 Figure 11 Two configurations for extreme wind moment loading 42 Figure 12 Representation of a trackers discrete-movement profile 46 Figure 13 Representation of an accelerated discrete-movement profile for testing . 47 Figure 14 Test sequence for electronic components 49 Figure 15
38、 Electronic component thermal cycling test . 55 Figure 16 Electronic component humidity-freeze test 56 Figure 17 Pointing-error frequency distribution for the entire test period 58 Figure 18 Available irradiance as a function of pointing error 58 Figure 19 Available irradiance as a function of point
39、ing error with binning by wind speed . 59 Table 1 Tracker specification template . 10 Table 2 Alternate tracking-accuracy reporting template . 31 BS EN 62817:2015 6 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS DESIGN QUALIFICATION OF SOLAR TRACKERS FOREWOR
40、D 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electr
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