1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 15091:2012Paints and varnishes Determination of electrical conductivity and r e s i s t a n c eCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under li
2、cense with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 15091:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/
3、10, Test methods for paints.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution
4、2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 70812 1 ICS 87.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued
5、 since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 15091 December 2012 ICS 87.
6、040 English Version Paints and varnishes - Determination of electrical conductivity and resistance (ISO 15091:2012) Peintures et vernis - Dtermination de la conductivit et de la rsistance lectriques (ISO 15091:2012) Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der elektrischen Leitfhigkeit und des elektrischen
7、Widerstandes (ISO 15091:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-dat
8、e lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
9、under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Form
10、er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT
11、EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 15091:2012: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Pro
12、vided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012EN ISO 15091:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 15091:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 “Paints and varnishes” in collaboration with
13、 Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall
14、be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
15、ions, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
16、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15091:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15091:2012 without any modification. Copyright Eu
17、ropean Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012ISO 15091:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and d
18、efinitions . 14 General . 34.1 Measurement of the resistance . 34.2 Avoidance of electrolysis and polarization effects 45 Apparatus 55.1 Measuring instrument 55.2 Measuring cell 56 Sampling 57 Procedure 57.1 Test conditions . 57.2 Viscosity of test sample 67.3 Number of determinations 67.4 Measureme
19、nt of the electrical resistance or the electrical conductivity . 68 Expression of results . 69 Precision 610 Test report . 7Annex A (normative) Calibration 8Annex B (informative) Dependence of the conductivity on the measurement temperature 10Bibliography . 11Copyright European Committee for Standar
20、dization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012ISO 15091:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member b
21、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a
22、nd non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
23、 Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies cast
24、ing a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 15091 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
25、 SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO
26、 15091:2012(E)Paints and varnishes Determination of electrical conductivity and resistance1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determining the electrical conductivity and the electrical resistance of coating materials. The conductivity is usually measured for water-borne paints
27、and varnishes, including electrodeposition coating materials, and the resistance is usually measured for solvent-borne paints and varnishes. If required, the resistivity of the coating material is calculated from either of these measurements. The method is applicable to products having a conductivit
28、y less than 5 S/cm, corresponding to a resistivity greater than 200 kcm.The conductivity of coating materials influences their processibility in the presence of an electric field. This is particularly important for electrodeposition paints and coating materials which are processed electrostatically.
29、2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1513, Paints and varnish
30、es Examination and preparation of test samplesISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methodsISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions appl
31、y.3.1electrical resistanceRratio of the potential difference along a conductor and the current through the conductorNOTE Resistance is given by Ohms law:RUI= (1)whereU is the potential difference;I is the current.The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (), given by:111ohmvoltampere=The electric
32、al resistance depends on the material of the conductor, its dimensions (length and cross-section) and its temperature. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
33、cense from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012ISO 15091:2012(E)3.2resistivityresistance per unit length of a material of unit cross-sectional areaNOTE Resistivity is given by Equation (2): =RAl(2)whereA is the cross-sectional area of the conductor;l is the length of the conductor.The unit of resistivity is
34、 the ohm metre (m).3.3conductanceGreciprocal of the resistanceNOTE Conductance is given by Equation (3):GRIU=1(3)The unit of conductance is the siemens (S):1111Sohmamperevolt=3.4electrical conductivityreciprocal of the resistivityNOTE Electrical conductivity is given by Equation (4):=11RlA(4)The uni
35、t of electrical conductivity is the siemens reciprocal metre (Sm1).3.5cell constantcquotient of the length and the cross-sectional area of a conductorNOTE It is given by Equation (5):clA= (5)From Equation (2), it can be seen that it corresponds to the ratio of the resistance to the resistivity of th
36、e conductor material.For the determination of the resistivity by resistance measurement, this geometrical factor, i.e. the cell constant of the measurement assembly, will need to be known.Cell constants are given in reciprocal centimetres (cm1).2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedCopyright European Commit
37、tee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012ISO 15091:2012(E)4 General4.1 Measurement of the resistanceThe resistance may be determined by measurement of the current through a sam
38、ple and the voltage acting on the sample;or comparison of the measured resistance with a reference resistance.For the current/voltage measurement, usually a constant pre-determined voltage is applied to the sample, and the current is measured with a suitable measuring instrument (e.g. a moving-coil
39、instrument or a digital instrument). The resistance is then calculated from Equation (1). See Figures 1 to 3.Figure 1 Direct-current measurementFigure 2 Alternating-current measurement Two-electrode cell ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS u
40、nder license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:2012ISO 15091:2012(E)Figure 3 Alternating-current measurement Four-electrode cellTo compare the resistance of the sample with a reference resistance, a bridge circuit is used in wh
41、ich the resistances are balanced so that the bridge current becomes zero. The resistance of the sample is calculated from the ratio of the resistances of the bridge circuit. Because the bridge current is zero, errors which can result from the existence of a load on the voltage source when the voltag
42、e/current measurement method is used are avoided. The only contributions to the overall measurement error are any uncertainty in the reference resistance and any uncertainty in the adjustable resistance. See Figure 4.RRabx=Figure 4 Wheatstone bridge4.2 Avoidance of electrolysis and polarization effe
43、ctsIn order to avoid electrolysis or polarization effects which would falsify the measurement, measurements of the resistance are usually carried out using alternating current. The frequency of the voltage applied to the measuring cell should, however, be as low as possible in order to minimize the
44、contribution made by the reactance of the measuring cell, which acts as a capacitor.4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 15091:
45、2012ISO 15091:2012(E)5 Apparatus5.1 Measuring instrumentUse a resistance- or conductivity-measuring instrument calibrated as described in Annex A.5.2 Measuring cellThe measuring cell consists of electrodes insulated from each other, with a known cell constant. The electrodes should preferably consis
46、t of a material that is easy to clean and inert (e.g. stainless steel, platinum, graphite, titanium) in order to make sure that the measurement will not be invalidated by changes in the electrodes. For examples of suitable electrodes, see Figure 5. It is important to ensure that the measuring cell i
47、s completely immersed in the liquid. The exact depth will depend on the type of electrode.The cell geometry shall be chosen so that the possibility of contamination by dirt is minimized.a) Measuring cell with cylinder electrodes b) Measuring cell with plate electrodesFigure 5 Examples of measuring c
48、ells6 SamplingTake a representative sample of the product to be tested, as described in ISO 15528.Examine and prepare each sample for testing, as described in ISO 1513.7 Procedure7.1 Test conditionsCarry out the test at a temperature of (25 1) C, unless otherwise agreed. The deviation from any agreed temperature shall also be not more than 1 C.The dependence of the conductivity on the measurement temperature is shown in Annex B. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 5Copyright European Committee for Standardization Pro
