1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13994:1998 Clothing for protection against liquid chemicals Determination of the resistance of protective clothing materials to penetration by liquids under pressure ICS 13.340.10BSISO13994:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Health and
2、Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authorityof the Standards Committee and comes intoeffecton 15 December 1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30878 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO13994:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participati
3、on in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/3, Protective clothing, to Subcommittee PH/3/3, Protective clothing against chemicals, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the
4、 interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Stan
5、dards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standa
6、rd does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, a
7、n inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 14 and abackcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since public
8、ation Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO13994:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 13994 1ii blankBSISO13994:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Principle 2 5 Apparatus 2
9、 6 Test specimens 2 6.1 Selection 2 6.2 Preparation of test specimens 3 7 Procedure 3 8 Test report 4 Annex A (informative) Availability of materials 14 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 14 Figure 1 Liquid penetration test apparatus (schematic) 6 Figure 2 Penetration cell with retaining screen (exp
10、loded view) 7 Figure 3 Test apparatus (three-dimensional side view) 8 Figure 4 Cell body 9 Figure 5 Spill pan 9 Figure 6 Swivel clamp 10 Figure 7 Cell support 11 Figure 8 Safety enclosure 12 Figure 9 Flange cover 12 Figure 10 Transparent cover (optional) 13 Table 1 Parts and materials for liquid pen
11、etration test apparatus 4 Table 2 Pressure/time sequences and conditions for selected circumstances 5 Descriptors: Garments, work clothing, liquids, chemical compounds, protective clothing, tests, laboratory tests, penetration tests, test equipment.BSISO13994:1998 BSI 05-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the I
12、nternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
13、has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnica
14、l standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO13994 was prepared by Technic
15、al Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC13, Protective clothing. Annex A andAnnex B of this International Standard are for information only.iv blankBSISO13994:1998 BSI 05-1999 1 Introduction Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation
16、 of liquid chemicals can be exposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma (such as skin irritation and burn) to chronic degenerative disease (such as cancer). Since engineering controls m
17、ay not eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration and degradation. This test method determines the resistance to penetration by liquids under pressure only.
18、Resistance to permeation and degradation, as well as penetration resistance for liquids not under pressure, should be determined by other methods. 1 Scope This International Standard describes a laboratory test method that enables determination of the resistance of materials used in protective cloth
19、ing to visible penetration under the conditions of continuous liquid contact and pressure, for example, clothing that is exposed to repeated splashes of liquid spray under pressure. Protective clothing “pass/fail” determinations are based on visual detection of liquid penetration. This test method i
20、s normally used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness against liquids of materials used for protective clothing and specimens from finished items of protective clothing. NOTEFinished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, suits, hoods, boots and the like. The phrase “speci
21、mens from finished items” encompasses seamed and other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items. This test method can be used to identify protective clothing materials and constructions that limit exposures to hazardous liquid chemicals under a varie
22、ty of circumstances. This test method is particularly useful for demonstrating the liquid hold-out capabilities of microporous fabrics. Significant amounts of hazardous materials may permeate specimens that pass penetration tests. More sensitive analysis of permeation may be carried out using ISO652
23、9. Penetration resistance of protective clothing materials using less severe liquid challenges, without pressure, may be carried out using ISO6530. ISO6530 uses a relatively low-volume, short-duration liquid challenge which is appropriate for treated porous and other non-film-based or uncoated mater
24、ials. This International Standard addresses only the performance of materials or certain material constructions (e.g. seams) used in protective clothing. It does not address the design, overall construction and components, or interfaces of garments or other factors which may affect the overall prote
25、ction offered by the protective clothing. It is emphasized that the test method specified in this International Standard does not necessarily simulate conditions that clothing materials are likely to be exposed to in practice. The use of test data should therefore be restricted to broad comparative
26、assessment of such materials according to their liquid penetration resistance characteristics. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indic
27、ated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid Int
28、ernational Standards. ISO 139:1973, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO 2286:1986, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics Determination of roll characteristics. ISO 2859-1:, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality
29、level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection 1) . ISO 3801:1977, Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area. ISO 5084:1996, Textiles Determination of thickness of textiles and textile products. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO2859-1:1989)BSISO13994:1998 2 BSI 05
30、-1999 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 degradation deleterious change in one or more physical properties of a protective clothing material due to contact with chemicals 3.2 penetration flow of a liquid through closures, porous materi
31、als, seams and holes or other imperfections in a protective clothing material on a non-molecular level 3.3 permeation combined process of molecular diffusion of a chemical through a solid material forming the whole or part of clothing, and its desorption into a specified medium 3.4 protective clothi
32、ng apparel used for the purpose of protecting part of the body from contact with a potential hazard NOTEIn this test method, the materials used in protective clothing are evaluated. The potential hazard is contact with liquid chemicals. 3.5 test liquid individual liquid chemical or a liquid formulat
33、ion of chemicals that is submitted for test by the method specified in this International Standard 4 Principle The resistance of a protective clothing material to penetration by a liquid under pressure is determined by subjecting the material to the liquid for a specified time and pressure sequence
34、and observing if visible penetration of the liquid occurs. In the penetration test apparatus, the clothing material acts as a partition separating the hazardous liquid chemical from the viewing side of the test cell. Any evidence of liquid penetration constitutes failure. Results are reported as “pa
35、ss/fail”. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Thickness gage, suitable for measuring thickness to the nearest 0,02mm, as specified in ISO2286, used to determine the thickness of each protective clothing material specimen tested. 5.2 Penetration test cell, to restrain the specimen during contact with the pressurized tes
36、t fluid. In the test cell, the specimen acts as a partition separating the test fluid from the viewing side of the test cell. It consists of a cell body that is fastened to a cell support. The cell body has a capacity of approximately 60ml for liquid. A flange cover, with an open area to allow visua
37、l observation, and a transparent cover are included. The cell body has a top port for filling and a drain valve for draining the penetration test cell. Other items, such as a fitting to allow attachment of the air line to the top port in the cell body, gaskets and the retaining screen are also requi
38、red. The complete penetration test cell apparatus is shown inFigure 1. An exploded view of the penetration test cell is shown inFigure 2. Figure 3 toFigure 10 provide examples of specifications for a penetration test cell apparatus in which the test cell has an interior diameter of57mm. NOTESeeTable
39、 1 for parts and materials for liquid chemical penetration test apparatus. 5.3 Retaining screen, comprising a smooth finish plastic or metal square mesh screen, meeting the following specifications used for procedure C2 inTable 2: a) open area of 50%; b) deflection of sample is limited to # 5,0mm. 5
40、.4 Air pressure source, capable of providing air at(13,8 1,38)kPa. 5.5 Stopwatch, or electronic timer. 5.6 Analytical balance, with a precision of 0,001g. 5.7 Vessel, graduated to measure water, with a precision of 1ml. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Selection 6.1.1 Select specimens from single material sampl
41、es or individual protective clothing items, consisting of either a single layer or a composite of multiple layers that is representative of an actual protective clothing construction with all layers arranged in the proper order. If in the design of an item of protective clothing, different materials
42、 or thicknesses of material are specified at different locations, select specimens from each location. If in the design of an item of protective clothing, seams are claimed to offer the same protection as the base materials, test additional specimens containing such seams. Cut each material specimen
43、 as squares with a minimum dimension of 70mm. A 75mm square is preferred.BSISO13994:1998 BSI 05-1999 3 Test three specimens taken at random from each material, composite, area (in the case of heterogeneous design), or other condition. If desired, generate random specimens as described in ISO2859-1.
44、6.1.2 It is possible that protective clothing materials incorporating an impervious layer between two fabric layers are sensitive to false positive failures by wicking at the edges. Seal the edges of the test specimens to prevent “wicking” modes of failure. Seal test specimens with an adhesive, para
45、film, paraffin wax, or adhesive backed foam prior to testing. Seal only the edges of the test specimens, leaving the centre 57mm area (57mm square) open for testing. Do not allow sealants to intrude, block or occlude the structure of the test specimen in the test area, as this may compromise the tes
46、t procedure. Choose sealants and sealing methods that are compatible with the protective clothing materials. 6.2 Preparation of test specimens Condition each protective clothing specimen for a minimum of 24h by exposure to a temperature of(21 5)C and a relative humidity of 30% to80% in accordance wi
47、th ISO139. If warranted, use other preconditioning options to assess possible degradation mechanisms of protective clothing. 7 Procedure 7.1 Measure the thickness of each specimen to the nearest 0,02mm in accordance with ISO5084. 7.2 Measure the weight of each specimen to the nearest 1g/m 2in accord
48、ance with ISO3801. 7.3 Place a small droplet of the test liquid on the normal inside surface of an extra piece of the material to be tested for predetermining the appearance of endpoint penetration. The droplet must remain easily visible to ensure that a droplet that penetrates the material will be
49、seen. If not, one of the following methods of enhancing droplet visibility by producing a characteristic discoloration is usually effective. a) Use talcum powder on the normal inside surface of the fabric to enhance droplet visibility. b) Change the color of the test liquid as an aid in improving the visibility of the test liquid. Food colouring or an acid-base indicator may be of use for water-based chemicals, and Oil Red may be dissolved in many organic chemicals to aid in detection of the liquid droplet. c) Apply food colouring
