1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18238:2015Space systems Closed loopproblem solving managementBS ISO 18238:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18238:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space s
2、ystems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Publ
3、ished by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 87388 1ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued si
4、nce publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18238:2015 ISO 2015Space systems Closed loop problem solving managementSystmes spatiaux Gestion de rsolution du problme de boucle fermeINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18238First edition2015-11-01Reference numberISO 18238:2015(E)BS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:20
5、15(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or po
6、sting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41
7、22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Basic elements for closed loop problem solving management 24.1 Implemention time 24.2 Implemention plan 24.3 Problems summary . 24.4 Revie
8、w 24.5 Records maintenance 35 Procedures of closed loop problem solving management 36 Implementation of closed loop problem solving 46.1 Problem report . 46.2 Start immediate containment actions . 56.3 Build the team 56.4 Define problem . 66.5 Complete and optimize containment actions . 66.6 Identif
9、y root causes. 76.7 Conduct recurrence experiments . 76.8 Define and select root cause corrective actions . 86.9 Implement root cause corrective actions . 86.10 Implement lessons learning 96.11 Finish “Closed loop problem solving management report” . 96.12 Recognize and close the team . 11Annex A (i
10、nformative) Format of “Closed Loop Problem Solving Management Report” .12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The wo
11、rk of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governm
12、ental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in th
13、e ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the poss
14、ibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list o
15、f patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as
16、 information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.iv ISO 2
17、015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)IntroductionThis International Standard is useful to promote a method to identify the root causes of problems including failures, defects, accidents and other undesirable conditions, and to implement corrective actions and preventive actions.T
18、he intent of this International Standard is to define the best practices dealing with root causes analysis and problem solving, prevent recurrence of the problem, and achieve quality improvement. It provides a standard process flow method to identify the root causes and improve the process and achie
19、ve quality improvement. It applies to all space products and organizations, at all levels and phases.The process described in this International Standard is created by comparing and mixing root cause analysis and problem solving methodologies used by main actors of aerospace industry around the worl
20、d. The process flow chart can be used to find root causes and to solve the problem thoroughly.This International Standard provides a method for finding the root causes mainly against failures, defects, and accidents. As for non-conformance, ISO 23461 “Programme Management - Nonconformance control sy
21、stem” is usually applied.When necessary, the problem solving process method in this International Standard should also be used for processing of major non-conformance in ISO 23461. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18238:2015BS ISO 18238:2015Space systems Closed loop problem solving management1 S
22、copeThis International Standard provides basic procedures and requirements of closed loop problem solving against product quality problems including failures, defects, accidents, and other undesirable conditions for organizations.This International Standard is intended to improve the closed loop pro
23、blem solving management which covers the impact mitigation of the problem, root causes identification and problem containment, and lessons learned.This International Standard is applicable to problem solving management of all space products, starting from engineering development phase.2 Normative re
24、ferencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
25、ISO 10795, Space systems Programme management and quality VocabularyISO 16192, Space systems Experience gained in space projects (Lessons learned) Principles and guidelinesISO 23461, Space systems Programme management Non-conformance control system3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this Stand
26、ard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10795 and the following apply.3.1root causeoriginal event, action, and/or condition resulting in an actual or potential undesirable condition, situation, nonconformity or failureNote 1 to entry: There are often several root causes for one problem.3.2root c
27、ause analysisprocess of identifying all root causes that have or may have resulted in an undesirable condition, situation, nonconformity or failure3.3lessons learningprocess of distributing the problem information to the whole project and organization as well as other related projects and organizati
28、ons, warning if similar failure modes or mechanism issues exist and taking preventive actionsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18238:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)4 Basic elements for closed loop problem solving management4.1 Implemention timeThe organization shall
29、 implement closed loop problem solving management according to this International Standard when the following problems are detected and the root causes are not obvious.a) Problems in design which might delay development schedule, create interface design change with other business units, lower perfor
30、mance index, and result in production rework.b) Problems in design and production which might result in major economic losses.c) Problems in production which might occur repeatedly and in batch due to technology causes.d) Problems in EEE components and raw materials which might occur in batch due to
31、 technology causes.e) Problems in test technology which might result in test failure or product damage.f) Problems which might occur due to technology causes after the parts, subsystem, or system were delivered.g) Problems which might occur due to technology causes in shooting range or launching sit
32、e.h) Problems which might occur due to technology causes after the final product had been delivered for use.i) Problems which might occur in orbit operation and return of satellite and spacecraft, due to failure or other technology causes which can affect mission completion.j) Problems which might a
33、ffect cost, schedule, or performance and could jeopardize intended system use.4.2 Implemention planThe organization shall prepare an implementation plan for closed loop problem solving with sufficient resource support and incorporate the plan into the organizations quality management activities.4.3
34、Problems summaryThe organization shall summarize and classify problems at the following key decision points. Inspection and review should be conducted if necessarya) before transferring to next development phase,b) before acceptance of components, subsystem, or system,c) before exfactory of satellit
35、es, launch vehicles, and space crafts,d) before transferring to shooting range or launching site,e) before launching,f) cefore the delivery of satellites and space crafts on orbit, andg) after the return of satellites and space crafts.4.4 ReviewAt the end of closed loop problem solving, the organiza
36、tion shall review whether corrective actions are appropriate and effective.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)4.5 Records maintenanceThe organization shall maintain all records.5 Procedures of closed loop problem solving managementThe organization should use closed loop
37、management of problems in the development phase and the production phase of contractually specified products. In order to ensure that the problem is solved and will not happen again, the organization shall locate the problem accurately, define root causes by theoretical analysis or experiments, cond
38、uct problem recurrence experiments when necessary, take corrective actions against the root causes, and implement lessons learning in the whole organization and project. Figure 1 gives the procedures of closed loop problem solving management. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:
39、2015(E)Figure 1 Procedures of closed loop problem solving management6 Implementation of closed loop problem solving6.1 Problem reporta) The objective is to let related people informed about the problem timely.b) When a problem is detected, the organization shall protect the scene, make records, and
40、report timely without compromising safety and security.4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)c) Contents of the report include: product information; problem phenomena; test condition; working hours and environment; problem observer, etc.Non-conformances of deliverable produ
41、cts and supplies shall be reported and disposed in accordance with ISO 23461. The relation between the problem report and the nonconforming report provided in ISO 23461 should be shown when it is done according to this International Standard.6.2 Start immediate containment actionsa) The objective is
42、 to mitigate the impact of the problem, protect the customer operations and the organization, and ensure that problem does not deteriorate before identification of root causes.b) The organization shall implement immediate containment actions when the problem detected is having an impact now on the c
43、ustomer or the organization, especially if no action is taken, the problem will deteriorate.c) Immediate containment actions shall be implemented according to the following steps:1) identify, isolate of defectives and perform immediate correction;2) identify apparent cause and perform immediate corr
44、ective action to eliminate, prevent, or reduce the probability of any additional non-conformances from happening again in the short-term;3) typical immediate containment actions include immediate stop of the working process, including deliveries, recall product if necessary, increase inspection, and
45、 conduct inventory checks and isolation of defectives.;4) identify immediate potential risk for defectives not detected;5) determine apparent criticality. Customers or the design department might be asked to assist in evaluating the criticality.NOTE immediate containment actions terminate when corre
46、ctive actions are in place or when a more effective containment action is found.d) The organization shall communicate and implement actions across various entities and other organizations.1) Identify the entities affected or impacted by the problem(internally and externally).2) Inform all identified
47、 entities.3) Immediate information to the customer is mandatory if product has been delivered which is known or suspected to be affected by the issue, potentially impacts safety and more generally have a significant impact on customers operations.6.3 Build the teama) The objective is to ensure that
48、representatives from relative parties (suppliers and customers) and functions that might have an influence on the problem solving processes are in the team.b) Gather a team in which members from different functions have an influence on the problem and get the team prepared to carrying out the proble
49、m solving activities. The team should be modified or completed if necessary all along the problem solving process.c) Sufficient communication is required to ensure1) team leader has a clear understanding of his responsibility, the teams resources and constraints, ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 18238:2015ISO 18238:2015(E)2) each team member has a clear understanding of his responsibility as far as possible,3) managers of functions where team members come from are informed about the involvement (time, duration, role)of
