1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18930:2011Imaging materials Pictorialcolour reflection prints Methods for evaluatingimage stability under outdoorconditionsBS ISO 18930:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forew
2、ordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18930:2011. Itsupersedes PD ISO/TR 18930:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to
3、 its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 70244 0ICS 37.040.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard wa
4、s published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18930:2011Imaging materials Pictorial colour reflection prints Methods for evaluating image stability under outdoor conditionsMatriaux pour lim
5、age Impressions de couleurs de rflexion picturale Mthodes dvaluation de la stabilit dimage dans des conditions extrieures ISO 2011Reference numberISO 18930:2011(E)First edition2011-10-01ISO18930INTERNATIONAL STANDARDBS ISO 18930:2011ISO 18930:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights re
6、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requ
7、ester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 18930:2011ISO 18930:2011(E)Contents PageForeword .vIntroduction .vi1 Scope 12 Normative references
8、 .13 Terms and definitions .24 Summary of test practice 34.1 Accelerated laboratory weathering tests 34.2 Outdoor weathering tests .45 Significance and use 45.1 Accelerated laboratory weathering tests 45.2 Outdoor weathering tests .46 Apparatus 46.1 Accelerated laboratory weathering test equipment .
9、46.2 Outdoor weathering tests .57 Interferences .58 Testing time consideration .68.1 Accelerated laboratory weathering tests 68.2 Outdoor weathering tests .69 Safety precautions 610 Test specimens 610.1 Substrate, method of printing, ink and post-treatment .610.2 Test image .610.3 Number of replicat
10、es 710.4 Laminates and encapsulation 710.5 Identification of samples .710.6 Backing of test specimens during accelerated laboratory weathering tests .810.7 Specimen preparation for outdoor weathering tests .811 Conditioning .812 Exposure program and settings 812.1 Accelerated laboratory weathering t
11、ests 812.2 Outdoor weathering tests .1013 Procedure 1013.1 Steps for laboratory accelerated weathering tests and outdoor weathering tests .1013.2 End-point .1113.3 Reporting of accelerated laboratory weathering test data .1113.4 Reporting of outdoor weathering test data 12Annex A (normative) Spectra
12、l power distribution for accelerated laboratory weathering tests 13Annex B (informative) Use of an end-point to determine specimen failure time 14Bibliography .15 ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 18930:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federati
13、on of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee
14、. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance wi
15、th the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approv
16、al by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 18930 was prepared by Technical Committee
17、ISO/TC 42, Photography.This first edition of ISO 18930 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 18930:2001, which has been technically revised.ISO 18930:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 18930:2011IntroductionPrinted digital images are used in many applications in which they are exposed to outdoor wea
18、thering. This International Standard provides standardized test procedures to evaluate image stability both in real-time outdoor weathering tests and in accelerated laboratory simulations of the weathering process.Accelerated laboratory weathering tests have been developed as a result of the desire
19、to obtain test results faster than would be obtained by actual outdoor exposure. However, accelerated weathering tests only have value if they can be correlated with actual outdoor performance. In outdoor testing, critical factors that cause image degradation include light, water, heat, ozone, and l
20、ocal and diurnal variations in climate. In accelerated testing, it is important that the most critical factors of light, water and heat are included. The use of xenon arc lamps with “daylight” filters has become an industry standard procedure for the most accurate simulation of the spectral power di
21、stribution of sunlight. The coupling of the xenon arc lamps and “daylight” filters with a water spray and elevated temperatures forms the basis for testing with accelerated laboratory weathering instruments. The accelerated weathering test procedure described in this test method is intended to provi
22、de a means for predicting the behaviour under actual outdoor exposure.ISO 18930:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18930:2011BS ISO 18930:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18930:2011(E)Imaging materials Pictorial colour reflection prints Methods for evaluating image stability under outdoor co
23、nditions1 ScopeThis International Standard describes test equipment and test procedures for determining the colour stability of photographic colour images when subjected to outdoor conditions. It does not specify limits of acceptability or failure criteria. Instead, it provides means for measuring i
24、mage changes that take place during the aging of pictorial photographic images and indicates the critical image-change parameters that should be reported. Users of this International Standard should determine which test end-points best simulate the intended display application.This International Sta
25、ndard is applicable to pictorial images made with digital printing media, for example: prints on coated papers, coated and uncoated clear and opaque films, vinyl, polyester, synthetic papers and other plastic substrates, laminated and not laminated; dye-based and pigment-based inkjet prints with aqu
26、eous, solvent, phase-change, or UV curing inks; thermal dye and mass transfer; dye sublimation prints; digitally-printed dye-diffusion-transfer prints; liquid- and dry-toner xerographic prints; liquid toner electrostatic prints; digitally printed images made with traditional chromogenic and silver d
27、ye-bleach photographic materials; colour direct thermal prints. In these digital printing processes, the ink laydown is controlled by means of digital pixel information, and all of the settings and controls of the printing system can be documented and repeated. In contrast, for many analogue printin
28、g systems, the control over the ink film thickness can be subject to manual adjustment. Window graphics on the outside of windows are covered by this International Standard. Window graphics on the inside of windows, for which sunlight is filtered by a layer of glass, will be covered by ISO 18937.Thi
29、s International Standard does not include test procedures for physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. However, it is recognized that in some instances physical degradation such as support embrittlement, image layer cracking, or delamination of an image layer from its support, rat
30、her than image stability, will determine the useful life of a print material.NOTE Image print stability results determined for one printer model, ink set, printing mode, print resolution and media combination are not applicable to image prints produced through another printer model, ink set, printin
31、g mode, print resolution and media combination, even if the ink jet cartridges and/or media used in testing are the same.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
32、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditionsISO 13655, Graphic technology Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts images ISO 2011 Al
33、l rights reserved 1BS ISO 18930:2011ISO 11664-4, Colorimetry Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour SpaceCIE 85:1989, Solar Spectral Irradiance3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1digital printing mediarecording elements used by digital print
34、ers to receive inks or pre-formed colorantsEXAMPLE The substrate might be paper, plastic, canvas, fabric, or other ink-receptive material; the substrate might, or might not, be coated with an ink-receptive layer. The category of digital printers includes inkjet, electrophotographic and thermal trans
35、fer.3.2encapsulationsealing of all edges of a specimen that has been laminated on both front and back surfacesNOTE This is usually done by laminating with sheets that are larger in dimension than the specimen and then sealing at the overlaps.3.3laminatelayer of material that goes over the top or bot
36、tom of a specimenNOTE This is usually to provide water-resistance, physical, and/or ultraviolet (UV) light protection of the specimen during a weathering test. A layer of protective film is applied with a pressure-sensitive or heat-activated adhesive.3.4accelerated laboratory weatheringsimulated wea
37、thering where instruments (weathering devices) are used to obtain very controlled conditions that simulate, to some degree, and generally accelerate, the outdoor weathering resultsNOTE The use of such instruments is described in ISO 4892-1and ASTM G151.3.5outdoor weatheringactual placement of specim
38、ens outdoors in specific locationsNOTE This is differentiated from simulated weathering where instruments (weathering devices) are used to obtain very controlled conditions that simulate, to some degree, and generally accelerate, the outdoor weathering results. Use of such instruments is described i
39、n ISO 4892-1and ASTM G151.3.6accelerated outdoor weatheringuse of mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto specimens for increased intensityNOTE The use of such devices is described in ISO 877-3.3.7reciprocity failurenon-equivalence in weathering results between a long exposure/low-intensity experim
40、ent and its short exposure/high-intensity counterpart with an equivalent intensity-time product3.8total solar UV irradianceirradiance in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 400 nm integrated over the duration of a testNOTE This quantity is usually fairly consistent from year to year in a given locat
41、ion, and is usually given in units of MJ/m2.ISO 18930:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 18930:20113.9daylight filteroptical filter, or combination of filters, that modifies the spectral power distribution of a light source to better represent some defined daylight spectrumNOTE 1 These filt
42、ers are not related to the blue filters used in the photographic industry for the change of correlated colour temperature of light sources.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 18913.3.10operational control pointset point for equilibrium conditions measured at sensor location(s) in an exposure deviceASTM G1133.11
43、operational fluctuationspositive and negative deviations from the setting of the sensor at the operational control set point during equilibrium conditions in a laboratory accelerated weathering deviceNOTE The operational fluctuations are the result of unavoidable machine variables and do not include
44、 measurement uncertainty. The operational fluctuations apply only at the location of the control sensor and do not imply uniformity of conditions throughout the test chamber.ASTM G1133.12operational uniformityrange around the operational control point for measured parameters within the intended expo
45、sure area, within the limits of intended operational rangeASTM G1133.13uncertainty (of measurement)parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could be reasonably attributed to the measurandNOTE 1 The parameter might be, e.g., a standa
46、rd deviation (or a given multiple of it), or the half-width of an interval having a stated confidence level.NOTE 2 Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these components can be evaluated from statistical distribution of the results of series of measurements and c
47、an be characterized by experimental standard deviations. The other components, which also can be characterized by standard deviations, are evaluated from assumed probability distributions based upon experience or other information.NOTE 3 It is understood that the result of the measurement is the bes
48、t estimate of the value of the measurand and that all components of uncertainty, including those arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and reference standards, contribute to the dispersion.ASTM G1134 Summary of test practice4.1 Accelerated laboratory weather
49、ing testsAccelerated laboratory tests performed in weathering chambers should simulate the outdoor environment for which the display is intended. The test specimens should be subjected to light, water, and elevated temperature. The duration of the test can vary widely, depending on the stability of the imaging materials.ISO 18930:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18930:2011During the course of the test, the colour changes in the printed samples are periodically evaluated instrumentally. Results a
