1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58of use and user characteristicsICS 13.180Ease of operation of everyday products Part 1: Design requ
2、irements for context BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 20282-1:2006BS ISO 20282-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49599 XAmendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are
3、 responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 20282-1:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Co
4、mmittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on PH/9 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 20282-1:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO20282-1First edition2006-10-15Ease of o
5、peration of everyday products Part 1: Design requirements for context of use and user characteristics Facilit demploi des produits quotidiens Partie 1: Exigences de conception pour le contexte dutilisation et pour les caractristiques de lutilisateur BS ISO 20282-1:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv
6、 Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformity. 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Ease of operation 5 5 Requirements for review and documentation . 6 5.1 Review stages . 6 5.2 Suggested process. 8 5.3 Documentation 10 6 Context of use . 11 6.1 Main goal(s). 11 6.2 Factors relating to other equipment . 11 6.3
7、 Physical environmental factors. 11 6.4 Social environmental factors. 11 7 User characteristics 12 7.1 General. 12 7.2 Psychological and social characteristics. 13 7.3 Physical and sensory characteristics. 15 7.4 Demographics . 17 Annex A (informative) User characteristics Further information 18 Ann
8、ex B (informative) Ease of operation as instantiation of usability as defined in ISO 9241-11. 23 Bibliography . 24 BS ISO 20282-1:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing
9、 International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liais
10、on with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of te
11、chnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is dr
12、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20282-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, Ergonomic guiding princip
13、les. ISO 20282 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ease of operation of everyday products: Part 1: Design requirements for context of use and user characteristics Part 2: Test method Technical Specification The following parts are under preparation: Part 3: Test methods for cons
14、umer products Publicly Available Specification Part 4: Test methods for the installation of consumer products Publicly Available Specification BS ISO 20282-1:2006vIntroduction An increasing number of everyday products include computer technology, making them more complex. Users need to understand ho
15、w to operate products in order to benefit from the functionality they offer, so usability is a key factor in determining a products success. As product complexity increases, the challenge for the user in understanding how to use the various functions of the product also increases, and for the produc
16、er it can be harder to design sufficiently usable products. Products with low usability often require the assistance of other people in order to be used, and this can result in frustrated users as well as in extra costs for the producer and vendor. Many companies have realized the importance of the
17、usability of their products and employ usability specialists in usability laboratories. Many test organisations include usability in their evaluation procedures. ISO 20282 is based on ISO 9241-11, which provides guidance on the specification and measurement of usability in general. ISO 20282 applies
18、 ISO 9241-11 to the user interfaces of everyday products. The focus on everyday products reflects the fact that many of the products we see around us on a regular basis still suffer from fundamental usability problems. The focus on user interfaces reflects the situation that while there are many fac
19、tors that may have important effects on usability, all interactive products will have a user interface whose quality can have significant positive or negative effects that facilitate or hamper the usage of the product. Everyday products include consumer products and walk-up-and-use products. For eve
20、ryday products it is particularly critical to ensure that the interface enables the user to achieve their main goal(s). The focus on the main goal(s) reflects the outcomes that all users, or a large majority of them, wish to achieve, e.g. to use a telephone to make or receive a phone call, to use a
21、ticket machine to buy a train ticket, or to use a television set to watch a television programme. The term “ease of operation” refers to this subset of the concept of usability and the specific measures used to support users in achieving their main goal(s). Everyday products are designed for an inte
22、nded user population, which in general ought to be assumed to include people with a wide range of user characteristics. This part of ISO 20282 describes the user characteristics to be accounted for in the design of an everyday product. In recognizing that the population of older persons of the world
23、 is increasing, it takes into account the needs of those users1). ISO 9241-11 states that usability is concerned with the extent to which the users of products are able to use them effectively, efficiently, and with satisfaction. As tasks performed with everyday products are generally fast and of lo
24、w complexity, the most important usability measure is effectiveness. 1) Developments in the field of accessibility have resulted in the creation and use of a wide variety of terms and definitions, related to older persons and disability, which differ throughout the world. For example, some people pr
25、efer to use the term “people with disabilities” and others prefer “disabled people”. Overall, terms have evolved to become more precise and descriptive, rather than negative or stigmatizing. As no universal practice exists, the terms used in this part of ISO 20282 reflect the language generally used
26、 by international agencies such as the United Nations Organization and the World Health Organization. BS ISO 20282-1:2006blank1Ease of operation of everyday products Part 1: Design requirements for context of use and user characteristics 1 Scope This part of ISO 20282 provides requirements and recom
27、mendations for the design of easy-to-operate everyday products, where ease of operation addresses a subset of the concept of usability concerned with the user interface by taking account of the relevant user characteristics and the context of use. This part of ISO 20282 is intended to be used in the
28、 development of everyday products, for which it defines ease of operation, explains which aspects of the context of use are relevant, and describes the characteristics of the intended user population that may influence usability. The intended users of this part of ISO 20282 are usability specialists
29、, ergonomists, product designers, interaction designers, product manufacturers and others involved in the design and development of everyday products. This part of ISO 20282 is applicable to mechanical and/or electrical products with an interface that a user can operate directly or remotely to gain
30、access to the functions provided. These products fall into at least one of the following categories: a) consumer products intended for some or all of the general public which are bought, rented or used, and which may be owned by individuals, public organizations, or private companies; b) consumer pr
31、oducts intended to be acquired and used by an individual for personal rather than professional use (e.g. alarm clocks, electric kettles, telephones, electric drills); c) walk-up-and-use products that provide a service to the general public (such as ticket-vending machines, photocopying machines, fit
32、ness equipment); d) products used in a work environment, but not as part of professional activities (e.g. a coffee machine in an office); e) products including software that supports the main goals of use of the product (e.g. a CD player). This part of ISO 20282 is not applicable to the following: f
33、) purely physical products without an interactive user interface (such as a jug or a hammer); g) products where appearance or fashion is the main goal (such as a watch with no markings); h) products requiring specialist training, specific skills and/or professional knowledge (such as a musical instr
34、ument or a car); i) standalone software products; j) products intended to be used for professional activities only. BS ISO 20282-1:20062 NOTE 1 Some products include elements within the scope of this part of ISO 20282 and at the same time those that are not. For example, tasks relating to the use of
35、 a public internet access terminal such as switching that terminal on and off are within the scope of this part of ISO 20282, whereas tasks relating to the general use of the internet from the terminal are not. NOTE 2 This part of ISO 20282 can be used in conjunction with ISO 13407, which describes
36、how to take account of wider aspects of usability within a human-centred design process. NOTE 3 Some of the guidance of this part of ISO 20282 could be applicable to other types of systems in everyday use. 2 Conformity In order to develop an everyday product that is easy to operate, the context of u
37、se and the user characteristics shall be analysed and documented in accordance with Clause 6, and the design of an everyday product shall take account of the range of each characteristic that has been determined as being relevant. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the follow
38、ing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 actual users group(s) of people who directly interact with a product NOTE Before a product is released, this relates to the intended user group; after release, it relates to what is known about the actual user group. 3.2 consumer product product that is intended
39、to be acquired and used by an individual for personal rather than professional use 3.3 context of use users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software and materials) and physical and social environments in which a product is used ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.5 3.4 ease of operation usability of the use
40、r interface of an everyday product when used by the intended users to achieve the main goal(s) supported by the product NOTE 1 Ease of operation is a specific subset of usability as defined in ISO 9241-11 (see 3.18), which in this case is applied to the operation of everyday products. Ease of operat
41、ion assumes that the functionality of the product other than the user interface operates correctly. NOTE 2 Ease of operation is measured as effectiveness of operation, optionally including efficiency of operation and satisfaction with operation. 3.5 effectiveness accuracy and completeness with which
42、 users achieve specified goals ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.2 BS ISO 20282-1:200633.6 effectiveness of operation percentage of users who achieve the main goal(s) of use of a product accurately and completely NOTE Measures of effectiveness of operation are based on success in achieving the end resu
43、lt independently of whether the goal is achieved in the most efficient way. 3.7 efficiency resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.3 3.8 efficiency of operation time taken to achieve the main goal(s) NOTE This iden
44、tifies a specific resource for efficiency as defined in 3.7. 3.9 everyday product consumer product or walk-up-and-use product designed for use by members of the general public NOTE 1 Some products are designed for use by the general public as well as for professional use, but this definition only ap
45、plies to non-professional use of the product. NOTE 2 “Everyday” does not imply that the product must be used every day by the user, rather that it is found in everyday life. 3.10 general public people having all possible variations of user characteristics, usually within a particular geographical ar
46、ea 3.11 goal intended outcome ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.8 NOTE A goal is stated independently of the functionality used to achieve it. 3.12 intended users group(s) of people for whom a product is designed NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 9241-9:1999, definition 3.4.6 NOTE 2 In many cases the actual user
47、 population is different from that originally intended by the manufacturer. The intended user group is based on realistic estimations of who the actual users of the product will be. 3.13 interaction bi-directional information exchange between users and equipment IEC/TR 61997:2001, definition 3.4 NOT
48、E 1 Equipment includes both hardware and software. NOTE 2 Information exchange can include physical actions, resulting in sensory feedback. BS ISO 20282-1:20064 3.14 main goal most frequent or important outcome(s) that all, or a large majority of users want to achieve when using a product EXAMPLE Fo
49、r the user of a mobile phone, it is to communicate, although the device can also be used for many other purposes (camera, organizer, MP3-player). The main goal of the user of a washing machine is to clean clothes, although the machine could offer additional functionality (e.g. allowing delayed washing, at a certain time, or to a certain target time). Such optional purposes and additional functionalities are not regarded as the main goal. NOTE A goal is stated independently of the functionality used to achieve
