1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 21848:2005 Road vehicles Electrical and electronic equipment for a supply voltage of ICS 43.040.10 42 V Electrical loadsBS ISO 21848:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee ISBN 0 580 46412 1 National forewor
2、d This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 21848:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/16, Electrical and electronic equipment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on
3、this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Sea
4、rch” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal o
5、bligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary o
6、f pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments on 12
7、July 2005 BSI 12 July 2005 Reference number ISO 21848:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21848 First edition 2005-04-15 Road vehicles Electrical and electronic equipment for a supply voltage of 42 V Electrical loads Vhicules routiers quipement lectrique et lectronique pour une tension dalimentation d
8、e 42 V Contraintes lectriques BS ISO 21848:2005 ii BS ISO 21848:2005 iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Supply voltage. 2 4.1 Direct current. 2 4.2 Overvoltages . 3 4.3 Superimposed alternating voltage 4 4.4 Slow decrease and increase of su
9、pply voltage . 6 4.5 Discontinuities in supply voltage 6 4.6 Reversed voltage 8 4.7 Open-circuit tests 9 4.8 Short-circuit protection 10 4.9 Withstand voltage . 11 4.10 Insulation resistance 12 4.11 Electromagnetic compatibility. 12 Bibliography . 13 iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization f
10、or Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has th
11、e right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internat
12、ional Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication
13、 as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
14、 ISO 21848 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment. BS ISO 21848:2005 1Road vehicles Electrical and electronic equipment for a supply voltage of 42 V Electrical loads 1 Scope This International Standard describes the electr
15、ical loads that can affect electric and electronic systems and components of road vehicles for a supply voltage of 42 V, which may be used in a single or a multiple voltage electrical system. In addition, it specifies the tests and resulting requirements, test equipment accuracy being agreed upon be
16、tween the vehicle manufacturer and the supplier. It does not cover electromagnetic compatability (EMC). NOTE Electrical loads are independent from the mounting location. This International Standard also provides design guidance for the interaction of 42 V with other system voltages. 2 Normative refe
17、rences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7637-2, Road Vehicles Electrical distu
18、rbances by conduction and coupling Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only ISO 16750-1:2003, Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment Part 1: General ISO 16750-2:2003, Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for ele
19、ctrical and electronic equipment Part 2: Electrical loads ISO 16750-4:2003, Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment Part 4: Climatic loads UL 1)94, Standard for Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances 3 Terms a
20、nd definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16750-1 and the following shall apply. 3.1 U highupper limit of the normal d.c. supply voltage range 1) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. BS ISO 21848:2005 2 3.2 U lowlower limit of the normal d.c. supply voltage r
21、ange 3.3 U max,dynmaximum dynamic overvoltage associated with generator load dump transient protection 3.4 U Tvoltage applied during testing under defined conditions and which may be static voltage or transient 3.5 U Sminimum permissible dynamic undervoltage associated with the starting pulse 3.6 U
22、Aminimum permissible steady-state voltage during cranking of the combustion engine including a possible ripple 4 Supply voltage 4.1 Direct current 4.1.1 Purpose This test verifies the device under test (DUT) functionality in the range between minimum and maximum supply voltage. 4.1.2 Test Set the su
23、pply voltage in accordance with Table 1 to all relevant inputs (connections) of the DUT. Measure all voltages at the relevant terminals of the DUT. The voltages given in Table 1 are relevant within the operating temperature range according to ISO 16750-4:2003, Table 1, without time limits. Table 1 S
24、upply voltage for U N= 42 V system devices Supply voltage V Code U lowU highL 30 48 4.1.3 Requirement All DUT functions shall remain Class A as defined in ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause 6. BS ISO 21848:2005 34.2 Overvoltages 4.2.1 Maximum continuous voltage Under all conditions the maximum continuous supp
25、ly voltage for the DUT shall not exceed U highaccording to Table 1. 4.2.2 Maximum dynamic voltage 4.2.2.1 Immunity Except for 4.2.2.1.1 to 4.2.2.1.3 below, immunity to voltage transients shall be in accordance with ISO 7637-2:2004. 4.2.2.1.1 Purpose This test verifies functionality of the DUT when s
26、ubjected to the maximum dynamic voltage, U max,dyn .It simulates the maximum dynamic voltage for high-energy pulses in a 42 V vehicle electrical system, caused by load dump, and is the upper voltage limit for load dump protection. 4.2.2.1.2 Test Apply one test pulse to the DUT according to Figure 1.
27、 Key t time, ms U voltage, V Figure 1 Test pulse for U max,dynThe internal resistance R iof the load dump test pulse generator shall be (100 to 500) m. BS ISO 21848:2005 4 4.2.2.1.3 Requirement The functional status shall be minimum Class D according to ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause 6. Special requiremen
28、ts may be agreed between vehicle manufacturer and supplier. 4.2.2.2 Emission No electrical and electronic equipment shall produce a voltage on the network exceeding 50 V except the generator during load dump and pulses as specified by ISO 7637-2. Except for 4.2.2.1.1 to 4.2.2.1.3, measures shall be
29、taken to ensure that 50 V is never exceeded (e.g. protection devices at the source and/or adjustment of generator voltage). 4.3 Superimposed alternating voltage 4.3.1 Purpose This test simulates a.c. on the d.c. supply. The DUT is checked for undesirable resonance modes and induced thermal stress. 4
30、.3.2 Test Connect the DUT as shown in Figure 2. Perform the test, in accordance with Table 2 and Figure 2, simultaneously on all applicable inputs (connections) of the DUT. NOTE Do not apply these test voltages to the battery. Figure 2 Test set-up for superimposing a.c. voltage on component power su
31、pply lines Table 2 Test values Test voltage (see Figure 3) U dc+ 0,5 U PPsin(t) a.c. voltage (sinusoidal) a) U dc= 48 V; U PP= 4 V for 50 Hz to 1 kHz b) U dc= 48 V; U PP= 1 V for 1 kHz to 20 kHz c) U dc= 32 V; U PP= 4 V for 50 Hz to 1 kHz d) U dc= 32 V; U PP= 1 V for 1 kHz to 20 kHz Internal resista
32、nce of power supply 50 m to 100 m Frequency range See Figure 4 Type of frequency sweep See Figure 4 Sweep duration (one sweep) (see Figure 4) 120 s Number of continuous sweeps per test 5 BS ISO 21848:2005 54.3.3 Requirement The functional status shall be Class A according to ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause
33、 6. Key U voltage, V t time, s Figure 3 Test voltage with superimposed sinusoidal a.c. voltage Key f frequency, Hz logarithmic scale t time, s A 50 Hz Table 2, a) and c) or 1 kHz Table 2, b) and d) B 1 kHz Table 2, a) and c) or 20 kHz Table 2, b) and d) Figure 4 Frequency sweep BS ISO 21848:2005 6 4
34、.4 Slow decrease and increase of supply voltage 4.4.1 Purpose This test verifies functional status operation according to the specification of the DUT when subjected to a gradual discharge and recharge of the battery. 4.4.2 Test Apply the following test simultaneously to all applicable inputs (conne
35、ctions) of the DUT. Decrease the supply voltage from U highto 0 V and then increase it from 0 V to U high , applying a change rate of (3 0,1) V/min, unless otherwise specified. 4.4.3 Requirement The functional status shall be Class A as defined in ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause 6, between U highand U low
36、. The functional status shall be a minimum of Class D as defined in ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause 6, between U lowand 0 V. 4.5 Discontinuities in supply voltage 4.5.1 Momentary drop in supply voltage 4.5.1.1 Purpose This test verifies functional status operation according to the specification of the DUT
37、when subjected to a momentary voltage drop. It simulates the impact on the power supply of a short circuit in another branch while a fuse element melts and clears. 4.5.1.2 Test Expose all relevant inputs (connections) of the DUT to the test pulse given in Figure 5. Key t time, s U voltage, V Figure
38、5 Momentary voltage drop The rise time and fall time between U lowand the 16 V level shall be u 10 ms. BS ISO 21848:2005 74.5.1.3 Requirement The functional status shall be Class B as defined in ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause 6. Class C is permitted upon agreement. 4.5.2 Reset behaviour at voltage drop 4.
39、5.2.1 Purpose This test verifies the reset behaviour of the DUT at different voltage drops. It is applicable to equipment with a reset function (e.g. equipment containing one or more microcontrollers). 4.5.2.2 Test Apply the test pulses in accordance with Figure 6 as specified in the application, an
40、d check the reset behaviour of the DUT. Decrease the supply voltage by 5 % from U lowto 0,95 U low . Hold this voltage for 5 s. Raise the voltage to U low . Hold U lowfor at least 10 s and perform a functional test. Then decrease the voltage to 0,9 U low , etc. Continue in steps of 5 % of U lowas sh
41、own in Figure 6 until the lower value has reached 0 V. Then raise the voltage to U lowagain. Key Y U low , % t time, s Figure 6 Supply voltage profile for reset test The rise time and fall time shall be between 10 ms and 1 s. 4.5.2.3 Requirement The functional status shall be Class C as defined in I
42、SO 16750-1:2003, Article 6. 4.5.3 Starting profile 4.5.3.1 Purpose This test verifies the behaviour of a DUT during and after cranking. BS ISO 21848:2005 8 4.5.3.2 Test Apply the starting profile as specified in Figure 7, with the values given in Table 3, simultaneously to all relevant inputs (conne
43、ctions) of the DUT. Key t time, s U voltage, V Figure 7 Starting pulse Table 3 Voltage profile of the starting pulse U TV U SV U AV t 1ms t 2ms t 3ms t 4ms t 5ms 42 18 21 5 15 50 10 000 100 4.5.3.3 Requirement Functions that are relevant to vehicle operation during cranking shall be Class A. For spe
44、cial requirements, Class B may be agreed between vehicle manufacturers and suppliers. Functions not required during cranking shall be minimum Class C according to 16750-1:2003, Clause 6. Special requirements for voltages and durations during t 1 , t 2 , and/or t 3may be agreed between vehicle manufa
45、cturers and suppliers 4.6 Reversed voltage 4.6.1 Purpose The test is a check of the robustness of the DUT against the connection of a reversed battery. This test shall only be applied to DUTs used in a 42 V electrical system incorporating centralized reverse voltage protection consisting of a series
46、 fuse and a reverse polarity shunt diode. This test is not applicable to generators, or to relays with clamping diodes without external reverse polarity protection device. BS ISO 21848:2005 94.6.2 Test Apply a negative voltage simultaneously to all relevant power terminals of the DUT. Conditions are
47、 the following: a) U T= 2 V b) t = 100 ms (duration of the applied voltage) c) R i= 1 m (internal resistance of the battery source) NOTE The duration t and voltage U Tare chosen on the basis of the capability of current semiconductor and fuse technology. 4.6.3 Requirement The functional status shall
48、 be Class C as defined in ISO 16750-1:2003, Clause 6. NOTE Design precautions shall be taken to ensure 42 V cannot be applied to any component (e.g. loss of common ground). 4.7 Open-circuit tests 4.7.1 Single line interruption 4.7.1.1 Purpose This test simulates a rapid single line interruption. NOT
49、E This is not a test for connectors. Because of potential arcing damage to a contact if opened under load, it is recommended that the single line interruption be created and restored electronically. 4.7.1.2 Test Connect and operate the DUT as intended. Open one contact of the DUT interface. Then restore the connection. Observe the device behaviour during and after the interruption. Test voltage U T= 42 V Interruption time t = (10 1)
