1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58pumps, motors and integral transmissions Methods of testing and presenting basic steady state perfo
2、rmanceICS 23.100.10Hydraulic fluid power Positive-displacement BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 4409:2007BS ISO 4409:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 54337 1Amendments issued since publicationAmd.
3、No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It
4、 is the UK implementation of ISO 4409:2007. It supersedes BS 4617:1983 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid power systems and components, to Panel MCE/18/-/8, Product testing.A list of organizations represented on this committe
5、e can be obtained on request to its secretary.Reference numberISO 4409:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4409Second edition2007-04-01Hydraulic fluid power Positive-displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions Methods of testing and presenting basic steady state performance Transmissions hydr
6、auliques Pompes, moteurs et variateurs volumtriques Mthodes dessai et de prsentation des donnes de base du fonctionnement en rgime permanent BS ISO 4409:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols and units 5 5 Tests.
7、 6 5.1 Requirements 6 5.2 Pump tests. 8 5.3 Motor tests. 11 5.4 Integral transmission tests 13 6 Expression of results . 14 6.1 General. 14 6.2 Pump tests. 15 6.3 Motor tests. 16 6.4 Integral transmission tests 16 7 Identification statement 17 Annex A (informative) Use of practical units. 18 Annex B
8、 (normative) Errors and classes of measurement accuracy . 20 Annex C (informative) Pre-test checklist . 21 Bibliography . 23 BS ISO 4409:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pr
9、eparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, i
10、n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main tas
11、k of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attentio
12、n is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4409 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 8, Product test
13、ing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4409:1986), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 4409:2007vIntroduction In hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within an enclosed circuit. Pumps are components th
14、at convert rotary mechanical power into hydraulic fluid power. Motors are components that convert hydraulic fluid power into rotary mechanical power. Integral transmissions (hydraulic drive units) are a combination of one or more hydraulic pumps and motors and appropriate controls forming a componen
15、t. With very few exceptions, all hydraulic fluid power pumps and motors are of the positive-displacement type, i.e. they have internal sealing means that make them capable of maintaining a relatively constant ratio between rotational speed and fluid flow over wide pressure ranges. They generally use
16、 gears, vanes or pistons. Non-positive displacement components, such as centrifugal or turbine types, are seldom associated with hydraulic fluid power systems. Pumps and motors are available either as “fixed-” or “variable-displacement” types. Fixed-displacement units have pre-selected internal geom
17、etries that maintain a relatively constant volume of liquid passing through the component per revolution of the components shaft. Variable-displacement components have means for changing the internal geometries so that the volume of liquid passing through the component per revolution of the componen
18、ts shaft can be changed. This International Standard is intended to unify testing methods for hydraulic fluid power positive displacement hydraulic pumps, motors and integral transmissions to enable the performance of the different components to be compared. BS ISO 4409:2007blank1Hydraulic fluid pow
19、er Positive-displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions Methods of testing and presenting basic steady state performance 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for determining the performance and efficiency of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps, motors and int
20、egral transmissions. It applies to components having continuously rotating shafts. This International Standard specifies the requirements for test installations, test procedures under steady-state conditions and the presentation of test results. 2 Normative references The following referenced docume
21、nts are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 31, Quantities and units ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components Grap
22、hic symbols and circuit diagrams Part 1: Graphic symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications ISO 4391, Hydraulic fluid power Pumps, motors and integral transmissions Parameter definitions and letter symbols ISO 5598, Fluid power systems and components Vocabulary ISO 9110-1, Hydraul
23、ic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 1: General measurement principles ISO 9110-2, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 2: Measurement of average steady-state pressure in a closed conduit 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
24、 ISO 5598 and the following apply. NOTE When there is no risk of ambiguity (i.e. when a test has been carried out on a pump or a motor), the superscripts “P,” “M” and “T” specifying that the quantity concerns, respectively, a pump, a motor or an integral transmission, can be omitted. 3.1 volume flow
25、 rate qVvolume of fluid crossing the transverse plane of a flow path per unit time BS ISO 4409:20072 3.2 drainage flow rate qVdvolume flow rate from the casing of a component 3.3 pump effective outlet flow rate 2,ePVq actual flow rate at temperature 2,eand pressure p2,emeasured at the pump outlet NO
26、TE If the flow rate is measured anywhere other than at the pump outlet at temperature and pressure p, that flow rate is corrected to give the effective outlet flow rate value by using Equation (1). ()2,e2,eP2,eT1VVppqq K= + (1) 3.4 motor effective inlet flow rate 1, eMVq actual flow rate at temperat
27、ure 1,eand pressure p1,emeasured at the motor inlet NOTE 1 If the flow rate is measured anywhere other than at the motor inlet at temperature and pressure p, that flow rate is corrected to give the effective inlet flow rate value by using Equation (2). ()1, e1,eM1,eT1VVppqq K= + (2) NOTE 2 If the fl
28、ow rate is measured at the motor outlet and the motor has external drainage, the motor flow rate qvand the drainage flow rate, dM,Vq shall be corrected to refer to the inlet flow rate temperature and pressure p used for computing 1, eMVq by using Equation (3). () ()1, e d1,e 1,e dM1,e 1,e dTT11VV Vp
29、p ppqq q KK = + + + (3) 3.5 derived capacity Vivolume of fluid displaced by a pump or motor per shaft revolution, calculated from measurements at different speeds under test conditions ISO 8426 3.6 rotational frequency shaft speed n number of revolutions of the drive shaft per unit of time. NOTE The
30、 direction of rotation (clockwise or counter-clockwise) is specified from the point of view of the observer looking at the end of the shaft. It may also be defined by diagram, if necessary. BS ISO 4409:200733.7 torque T measured value of the torque in the shaft of the test component 3.8 effective pr
31、essure pefluid pressure, relative to atmospheric pressure, having a value that is a) positive, if this pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, or b) negative, if this pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. 3.9 drainage pressure pdpressure, relative to atmospheric pressure, measured at th
32、e outlet of the component casing drainage connection 3.10 mechanical power Pmproduct of the torque and rotational frequency measured at the shaft of a pump or motor as given by Equation (4): Pm= 2nT (4) 3.11 hydraulic power Phproduct of the flow rate and pressure at any point as given by Equation (5
33、): Ph= qV p (5) 3.12 effective outlet hydraulic power of a pump P2,hP total pump hydraulic outlet power given by Equation (6). 2,eP2,h 2,eVPq p= (6) 3.13 effective inlet hydraulic power of a motor M1,hP total motor inlet hydraulic power as given by Equation (7): 1,eM1,h 1,eVPq p= (7) NOTE The total
34、energy of a hydraulic fluid is the sum of the various energies contained in the fluid. In Equations (6) and (7) the kinetic, positional and strain energies of the fluid are ignored and the power is calculated using the static pressure only. If these other energies have a significant effect on the te
35、st results, due account should be taken of them. BS ISO 4409:20074 3.14 pump overall efficiency Pt ratio of the power transferred to the liquid, during its passage through the pump, to the mechanical input power as given by Equation (8): ()()2,e 1,e2,e 1,ePt2VVqp qp n =(8) 3.15 pump volumetric effic
36、iency pvratio of the actual output flow available for work to the product of the pump-derived capacity, Vi, and shaft rotational frequency, n, at defined conditions as given by Equation (9): 2,ePvPiVqVn=(9) 3.16 motor overall efficiency Mt ratio of the mechanical output power at the motor shaft to t
37、he hydraulic input power to the motor as given by Equation (10): ()()1,e 2,eMt1,e 2,e2VV n qp qp= (10) 3.17 motor volumetric efficiency Mvratio of the product of motor-derived capacity, Vi, and shaft rotational frequency, n, to the actual input flow required for work at defined conditions as given b
38、yEquation (11): 1, eMM ivVVnq= (11) 3.18 motor hydro-mechanical efficiency Mhmratio of the torque in the shaft of the motor to the theoretical torque of the motor as given by Equation (12): ()Mth1,e 2, e i2TnTTp pV =Mhm(12)3.19 integral transmission overall efficiency Tt ratio of the output mechanic
39、al power to the input mechanical power as given by Equation (13): T 22t11nTnT=(13) BS ISO 4409:200753.20 integral transmission rotational frequency ratio r ratio of output rotational frequency, n2, to input rotational frequency, n1, at defined conditions as given by Equation (14): 21nrn= (14) 4 Symb
40、ols and units The symbols and units, in accordance with ISO 31 (all parts), used throughout this International Standard are as shown in Table 1. The letters and figures used as subscripts to the symbols listed in Table 1 are as specified in ISO 4391. The graphical symbols used in Figures 1, 2, 3 and
41、 4 are in accordance with ISO 1219-1. Table 1 Symbols and units Quantity Symbol UnitaVolume flow rate qVm3s1Derived capacity Vim3r 1Rotational frequency n r 1Torque T Nm Effective pressure pePa Power P W Mass density kg m3Isothermal bulk modulus secant TK PabKinematic viscosity m2s1Temperature K Vol
42、ume coefficient of thermal expansion K1Efficiency Rotational frequency ratio R aThe use of practical units for the presentation of results is described in Annex A. b1 Pa = 1 N/m2.BS ISO 4409:20076 5 Tests 5.1 Requirements 5.1.1 General Installations shall be designed to prevent air entrainment durin
43、g operation and measures shall be taken to remove all free air from the system before testing. The unit under test shall be installed and operated in the test circuit in accordance with the manufacturers instructions; see also Annex C. The ambient temperature of the test area shall be recorded. A fi
44、lter shall be installed in the test circuit to provide the fluid-cleanliness level specified by the manufacturer of the unit under test. The position, number and specific description of each filter used in the test circuit shall be recorded. Where pressure measurements are made within a pipe, the re
45、quirements of ISO 9110-1 and ISO 9110-2 shall be met. Where temperature measurements are made within a pipe, the temperature-tapping point shall be positioned between two and four times the pipe diameter from the pressure-tapping point furthest away from the component. Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustra
46、te basic circuits that do not incorporate all the safety devices necessary to protect against damage in the event of any component failure. It is important that those responsible for carrying out the test give due consideration to safeguarding both personnel and equipment. 5.1.2 Installation of the
47、unit under test Install the unit to be tested in the test circuit in accordance with the applicable Figure 1, 2, 3 or 4. 5.1.3 Condition of the unit under test If necessary and before tests are carried out, the unit to be tested shall be “run in” in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
48、 5.1.4 Test fluids Because the performance of the unit under test can vary considerably with the viscosity of the test fluid used, a fluid approved by the manufacturer of the unit being tested shall be used. The following fluid parameters shall be recorded: a) kinematic viscosity; b) mass density at
49、 the test temperature; c) isothermal secant bulk modulus; d) volume coefficient of thermal expansion. BS ISO 4409:200775.1.5 Temperatures 5.1.5.1 Controlled temperature Tests shall be carried out at a stated test fluid temperature. The test-fluid temperature shall be measured at the inlet port of the unit under test and be within the range recommended by
