1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 5636-5:2013Paper and board Determination of airpermeance (medium range)Part 5: Gurley methodBS ISO 5636-5:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5636-5:2013. Itsupersedes BS ISO 5636-5:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK
2、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a cont
3、ract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 66119 8ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authorit
4、y of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 5636-5:2013 ISO 2013Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range) Part 5: Gurley methodPapier et carton Dtermination de la permabilit lair (plage de valeurs
5、moyennes) Partie 5: Mthode GurleyINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5636-5Third edition2013-11-01Reference numberISO 5636-5:2013(E)BS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicatio
6、n may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
7、 the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references
8、13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus and materials 26 Sampling 47 Conditioning 48 Preparation of test pieces . 49 Calibration 410 Procedure. 411 Calculation and expression of results . 511.1 Calculation of air permeance 511.2 Reporting the results . 511.3 Standard deviation and coeff
9、icient of variation . 512 Test report . 5Annex A (normative) Volume check Gurley apparatus 7Annex B (informative) Variations in apparatus 9Annex C (informative) Precision data 10Bibliography .12BS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
10、worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
11、 on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop thi
12、s document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Di
13、rectives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the deve
14、lopment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO
15、specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board
16、 and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5636-5:2003), which has been technically revised. In this third edition mainly editorial changes have been made and also precision data has been
17、added as informative Annex C.ISO 5636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range): Part 3: Bendtsen method Part 4: Sheffield method Part 5: Gurley method Part 6: Oken methodNOTE 1 Part 1: General method will be withdrawn afte
18、r the third editions of Parts 3, 4 and 5 have been published, as it was considered redundant.NOTE 2 Part 2: Schopper method was withdrawn in 2006 as it was considered obsolete.NOTE 3 Part 6: Oken method is being prepared.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 5636-5:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 563
19、6-5:2013(E)Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range) Part 5: Gurley method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 5636 specifies the Gurley method for determining the air permeance of paper and board using an air resistance tester, the Gurley apparatus.It is applicable to papers and boards which
20、 have air permeances between 0,1 m/(Pas) and 100 m/(Pas) when tested with the Gurley apparatus.It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.This part of ISO 5636 may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board.2 Normative refere
21、ncesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO
22、48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and cond
23、itioning of samplesISO 385, Laboratory glassware BurettesISO 3104, Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1air per
24、meancemean air flow rate through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specified conditionsNote 1 to entry: Air permeance is expressed in micrometres per pascal second 1 ml/(m2Pas) = 1 m/(Pas).Note 2 to entry: This property is called air permeance, and not air permeability, be
25、cause it is reported as a sheet property and is not standardized with respect to thickness to give a material property per unit thickness. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E)3.2air resistancetime required for a specific volume of air under unit pressure to pass through
26、 unit areaNote 1 to entry: Air resistance is expressed in seconds per 100 millilitres s/(100 ml).4 PrincipleThe air is compressed by the weight of a vertical cylinder floating in a liquid. A test piece is in contact with the compressed air and the cylinder falls steadily as air passes through the te
27、st piece. The time for a given volume of air to pass through the test piece, i.e. the air resistance is measured and from this the air permeance is calculated.5 Apparatus and materials5.1 Gurley apparatus, see Figure 1, that consists of an outer cylinder (see 5.1.3) partly filled with sealing fluid
28、(see 5.2) and an inner cylinder (see 5.1.4) having an open top, sliding freely in the outer cylinder. Air pressure, provided by the weight of the inner cylinder, is applied to the test piece held between clamping plates (see 5.1.1) in a circular orifice.5.1.1 Clamping plates are at the base of the a
29、pparatus, and a central feed tube directs the pressurized air to the clamping plates. Some versions of this apparatus use a hand-tightened capstan (jackscrew) arrangement to tighten the clamping plates together, others are equipped with a dead weight of 901 g loading a lever arm and others use a pne
30、umatic system. The recommended clamping force is (180 30) N. This mechanism provides a technique to give uniform loading, and thus minimize the operator influence on the test. Controlled clamping force is the preferred method of clamping the test piece.5.1.2 Rubber gasket attached to the clamping pl
31、ate on the side exposed to the air pressure prevents leakage of air between the surface of the paper and the clamping plate. The gasket consists of a thin, elastic, oil-resistant, non-oxidizing material, having a smooth surface, a thickness of 0,7 mm to 1,0 mm and a hardness of 50 IRHD (Internationa
32、l Rubber Hardness Degrees) in accordance with ISO 48. The inside diameter of the gasket is about 28,6 mm and the outside diameter is about 34,9 mm. The aperture of the gasket is concentrically aligned with the aperture in the clamping plates. To align and protect the gasket in use, it is cemented to
33、 a groove machined in the upper clamping plate. The groove is concentric with the aperture in the opposing plate, has an internal diameter of (28,50 0,15) mm and a depth of (0,45 0,05) mm. Its outside diameter is (35,2 0,1) mm for convenience in inserting and attaching the gasket. The gasket, when m
34、ounted inside the concentric groove, defines the measurement area and shall have an inside diameter of (28,6 0,1) mm (642 mm2area). The gasket should be changed at regular intervals.5.1.3 Outer cylinder with a height of 254 mm and an internal diameter of 82,6 mm. The inner surface has three or four
35、bars, not less than 190 mm and not greater than 245,5 mm in length and 2,4 mm square or 2,4 mm diameter, spaced equidistantly to serve as guides for the inner cylinder.5.1.4 Inner cylinder, graduated in units of 50 ml and with a full-scale reading of at least 300 ml. It may have 25 ml graduations be
36、tween the 0 ml and 100 ml markings. The scale markings represent true volumes enclosed within the inner cylinder and shall be accurate to within 3%. The exact volume of the inner cylinder may be checked by means of the procedure given in Annex A. The cylinder has a height of (254,0 0,5) mm, an exter
37、nal diameter of (76,2 0,5) mm and an internal diameter about 74 mm such that the mass of the cylinder assembly is (567,0 0,5) g.5.1.5 Volumes referred to are nominal volumes and should, in principle be increased by the volume of fluid displaced by the walls of the inner cylinder during the test. In
38、practice, since this error is common to all instruments of this type, it is ignored.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E)Dimension in millimetres28,6 0,112345678Key1 outer cylinder2 inner cylinder mass 567 g3 central feed tube4 sealing fluid5 upper clamping plate6 rubber
39、 gasket7 test piece8 lower clamping plateFigure 1 Diagrammatic sketch of air resistance (Gurley) apparatus5.2 Sealing fluid, oil having a density of (860 30) kg/m3(0,86 0,03) g/cm3, a viscosity of 16 cP to 19 cP at 20 C in accordance with ISO 3104, and a flash point of at least 135 C.NOTE The change
40、 in specification of the oil viscosity from that of a kinematic viscosity of 10 mm2/s to 13 mm2/s at 38 C is based on the typical physical properties of lightweight paraffin oils.5.3 Ancillary equipment, stopwatch, or electric timer, accurate to within 0,5% at all levels and capable of being read to
41、 the nearest 0,1 s.5.4 Flat non-porous plate, of approximate dimensions 100 mm x 100 mm, which can be clamped between the clamping plates to check the zero reading. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E)6 SamplingIf the mean quality of a lot is to be determined, sampling
42、shall be in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningCondition the sample in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparation of test piecesPrepare the test pieces in the same atmospher
43、ic conditions as those used to condition the sample.Cut not less than 10 test pieces and identify their two sides, for example side 1 and side 2. The test area shall be free from folds, wrinkles, holes, watermarks or defects not inherent to the sample. Do not handle the part of the test piece which
44、will become part of the test area. An adequate test-piece size is 100 mm x 100 mm.If the air permeances measured on the two sides are significantly different and if this difference is required to be shown in the test report, 10 tests are required for each side.9 CalibrationCalibrate the apparatus ac
45、cording to the instructions of the manufacturer or according to Annex A.10 ProcedureCarry out the test in the same atmospheric conditions used for conditioning and preparation of the test pieces.Tests shall be performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer.Test a minimum of 10 test piec
46、es, five with side 1 up and five with side 1 down.It is essential to avoid vibration of the apparatus, as this increases the rate of air displacement.Check that the air flow reading obtained with the non-porous plate (see 5.4) clamped in the clamping plates is zero.For those papers where surface air
47、 leakage or leakage through the sheet may be a problem, the clamping force shall be controlled to ensure repeatability. The clamping force shall be repeatable and set at a force of (180 30) N.Place a test piece between the clamping plates and measure the time required, in seconds, for the first two
48、consecutive 50 ml scale markings to pass the rim of the outer cylinder. The time shall be measured to the nearest 0,1 s. Repeat for the remaining test pieces.For relatively impermeable papers and boards, the reading may be taken at the end of the first 50 ml interval. With very open or porous papers
49、, a larger volume of air may be timed. If a steady movement of the inner cylinder is not attained before the zero mark is reached, timing may be started at the 50 ml mark.If a volume other than 100 ml is used, calculate the time-based on 100 ml.4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 5636-5:2013ISO 5636-5:2013(E)11 Calculation and expression of results11.1 Calculation of air permeanceCalculate the air permeance, P, in micrometres per pascal second, to three significant figures, from Eq
