1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 7176-11:2012WheelchairsPart 11: Test dummiesBS ISO 7176-11:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7176-11:2012.The UK
2、participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible fo
3、r its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 70891 6ICS 11.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy an
4、d Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 7176-11:2012 ISO 2012Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummiesFauteuils roulants Partie 11: Mannequins dessaiINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO7176-11Second edition2012-12-01Reference numberISO 7176-11:2012(E)BS ISO 717
5、6-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, with
6、out permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176
7、-11:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 35 Test equipment. 36 Materials . 66.1 General . 66.2 Rigid spacers . 66.3 Foam cushions . 67 Specifications . 67.1 Gener
8、al . 67.2 Location of pivots 77.3 Loading pads . 87.4 Adjustment of location of overall centre of mass .127.5 Masses of segments 127.6 Locations of centres of mass 137.7 Test dummies intended for use in a standing position .147.8 Examples of test dummy construction 15Annex A (normative) Measurement
9、of location of overall centre of mass .17Annex B (informative) Nominal location of overall centre of mass .23Annex C (informative) Nominal masses and recommended CoM locations of segments .24Annex D (informative) Views of example test dummies26Bibliography .29BS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)Fo
10、rewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech
11、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
12、 electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
13、the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for id
14、entifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 7176-11 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7176-11:1992), which has been technically revised.ISO 717
15、6 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Determination of static stability Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for de
16、termination of theoretical distance range Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static
17、, impact and fatigue strengths Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically powered wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces Part 14: Power and control systems for elect
18、rically powered wheelchairs and scooters Requirements and test methods Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling Part 16: Resistance to ignition of postural support devices Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use as seats in motor vehiclesiv ISO 2012 All rights
19、reservedBS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E) Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters, and battery chargers Part 22: Set-up procedures Part 23: Requirements and test methods for attendant-operated stair-climbing devic
20、es Part 24: Requirements and test methods for user-operated stair-climbing devices Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs - Requirements and test methods Part 26: Vocabulary Part 28: Requirements and test methods for stair-climbing devicesA technical report (ISO/TR 13570-1) is also
21、available giving a simplified explanation of the parts of ISO 7176. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)IntroductionWhen testing wheelchairs it is often necessary to simulate a human occupant. Test dummies designed for motor vehicle crash testing are used where it is
22、appropriate to do so, but they are expensive. A need exists for an affordable alternative. The first edition of ISO 7176-11, published in 1992, specified a set of test dummies that would be suitable for most wheelchair tests. The designs were intended to provide an appropriate total load mass, to ap
23、proximate the mass distribution of a human occupant, to avoid unrepresentative damage to the wheelchair, to be durable and to be inexpensive to manufacture.Experience of using the first edition of ISO 7176-11 and related test dummy specifications showed that test dummies did not always provide repea
24、table results, particularly for static and dynamic stability tests. Several areas for improvement have been identified: to extend the mass range, to enable a test dummy of arbitrary mass to be made, to enable verification of the location of the overall centre of mass and to enable adjustment of the
25、position of the overall centre of mass. This second edition of ISO 7176-11 is intended to provide these improvements.The ability to measure and adjust the location of the overall centre of mass eliminates the need to specify many aspects of test dummy design. It also allows for the mass of a test du
26、mmy to be altered as needed.The formulae provided in this part of ISO 7176 for the location of the overall centre of mass are based on data and research available to date. It is expected that the range of masses and the mass distribution of wheelchair occupants will change over time. Revisions can b
27、e made to this part of ISO 7176 to reflect such changes as and when data becomes available.vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-11:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-11:2012(E)Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies1 ScopeThis part of ISO 7176 specifies requirements for test dummies of any mass gre
28、ater than or equal to 25 kg, to be used in the evaluation of wheelchairs. This part of ISO 7176 provides formulae that specify the location of the overall centre of mass of test dummies, the masses of the segments that comprise the test dummies and the locations of pivots that connect the segments.
29、It also specifies the characteristics of loading pads that support the segments.The specified location for the centre of mass is approximately the same as that of a human being of the corresponding mass when seated in a wheelchair, and also, for masses up to 100 kg, when in a standing position in a
30、stand-up wheelchair. This part of ISO 7176 does not attempt to represent the mass distribution of a person with limb atrophy or amputation. This part of ISO 7176 is intended to enable the construction of test dummies that will produce comparable results for stability, performance and durability test
31、ing of manual wheelchairs and electrically powered wheelchairs, including scooters.This part of ISO 7176 also includes informative tables of mass and locations of centre of mass, which are derived from the formulae, corresponding to example test dummy masses up to 300 kg in 25 kg increments.2 Normat
32、ive referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7176-26, Wheelchairs Part 26: Vo
33、cabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7176-26 and the following apply.3.1forward locationdistance forward from the back support reference plane, measured perpendicular to itNOTE For the purposes of this document, the back support ref
34、erence plane is equivalent to the front surface of the test fixtures back support when the test dummy is fitted in the test fixture (see 5.1).3.2heightdistance upward from the seat reference plane, measured perpendicular to itNOTE For the purposes of this document, the seat reference plane is equiva
35、lent to the upper surface of the test fixtures seat when the test dummy is fitted in the test fixture (see 5.1). ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)3.3loading padcomponent, consisting of a loading plate and a foam cushion, intended to transfer the load between a segm
36、ent of the test dummy and the wheelchair under testNOTE The foam cushion is the part of the loading pad intended to make contact with the wheelchair.3.4loading platerigid flat plate for use in a loading pad3.5lower leg segmentsegment of the test dummy that represents the lower legs and feet of a hum
37、an being3.6overall centre of masscentre of mass of the whole test dummy3.7test dummydevice used to represent the mass and mass distribution of a human being, for the purpose of testing a wheelchair3.8thigh segmentsegment of the test dummy that represents the upper legs and buttocks of a human being3
38、.9torso segmentsegment of the test dummy that represents the torso, head and arms of a human being2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)4 Symbols and abbreviated termsCoM centre of massmdummynominal mass of the test dummymlegmass of the lower leg segmentmthighmass of th
39、e thigh segmentmtorsomass of the torso segmentlthighdistance from the hip pivot axis to the knee pivot axisllegdistance from the knee pivot axis to the ankle pivot axisxankleforward location of the ankle pivot axisxdummyforward location of the overall centre of massxhipforward location of the hip pi
40、vot axisxkneeforward location of the knee pivot axisxlegforward location of the CoM of the lower leg segmentxthighforward location of the CoM of the thigh segmentxtorsoforward location of the CoM of the torso segmentyankleheight of the ankle pivot axisydummyheight of the overall centre of massyhiphe
41、ight of the hip pivot axisykneeheight of the knee pivot axisylegheight of the CoM of the lower leg segmentytorsoheight of the CoM of the torso segmentythighheight of the CoM of the thigh segmentNOTE In this part of ISO 7176, all linear dimensions are expressed in millimetres and all masses are expre
42、ssed in kilograms.5 Test equipment5.1 Test fixture, for measuring the location of the overall centre of mass. The test fixture shall:a) conform to the dimensions shown in Figure 1;b) be constructed so that the seat and back support are perpendicular within 0,5;c) be constructed so that the foot supp
43、ort and seat are parallel within 0,5;d) have provision for the height of the foot support to be adjusted within the range shown in Figure 1 or include rigid spacers to be placed on the foot support, such that the upper surface of the uppermost ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 717
44、6-11:2012(E)rigid spacer can be located within the range shown in Figure 1 and such that it is parallel to the seat as specified in b);e) include means to secure the torso segment and thigh segment so that the torso loading pad and thigh loading pad are in contact with the back support and seat resp
45、ectively, with the foam cushions compressed;f) include a means to secure the lower leg segment so that the foot loading pads are in contact with the foot support or uppermost rigid spacer as specified in d);g) have mass not exceeding 28 kg or 15 % of mdummy, whichever is greater;h) be constructed wi
46、th sufficient stiffness that during use no dimensional change exceeds 5 mm;i) if necessary, be fitted with means for manual handling, such as handles.The recommended seat depth is 310 mm for 25 kg test dummies, and 375 mm for test dummies of 50 kg and above.Plywood specified for structural use in un
47、protected exterior conditions, of thickness 19 mm, and solid timber specified for structural use, of thickness 60 mm, is suitable for use in the construction of test fixtures for test dummies of 125 kg or less.4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)Dimensions in millimet
48、resKey1 back support2 seat reference point3 seat4 foot supportFigure 1 Test fixture5.2 Inclinometer or plumb line, for measuring the angle of inclination of the test fixture (5.1) with an uncertainty that does not exceed 0,2, when using the balance method specified in Annex A.5.3 Scales, to measure
49、the combined weight of the test fixture (5.1) and the test dummy, with an uncertainty that does not exceed 0,2 kg.5.4 Test surface, constructed of a hard material, such as a concrete or hardwood platform, which does not deviate from level by more than 2 mm within the area occupied by the test fixture (5.1) when using either method specified in Annex A. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 7176-11:2012ISO 7176-11:2012(E)6 Materials6.1 GeneralThe material and construction of the test dummy shall be selected so
