1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 9459-4:2013Solar heating Domesticwater heating systemsPart 4: System performancecharacterization by means of componenttests and computer simulationBS ISO 9459-4:2013 BRITI
2、SH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 9459-4:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/25, Solar Heating.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This public
3、ation does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 66360 4ICS 27.160; 97.100.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer imm
4、unity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 9459-4:2013Reference numberISO 9459-4:2013(E)ISO 2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO9459-4First
5、 edition2013-02-15Solar heating Domestic water heating systems Part 4: System performance characterization by means of component tests and computer simulation Chauffage solaire Systmes de chauffage de leau sanitaire Partie 4: Caractrisation de la performance des systmes au moyen dessais effectus sur
6、 les composants et par simulation sur ordinateur BS ISO 9459-4:2013ISO 9459-4:2013(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including phot
7、ocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Swi
8、tzerland ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 9459-4:2013ISO 9459-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 0 Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols, units and nomenclature . 3 5 Application . 6 6 Test method . 7 6.1 Introdu
9、ction 7 6.2 Component testing 7 6.3 Water heater configuration for modelling . 9 7 Performance evaluation 10 7.1 Annual task performance . 10 7.2 Weather data 10 7.3 Thermal energy loads . 11 7.4 Thermostat set temperature . 11 7.5 Cold water inlet temperature 11 7.6 Pump circulation control 11 7.7
10、Simulation deck setup for modelling thermal stratification in storage tanks . 12 7.8 Piping configuration for solar water heaters 13 7.9 Controllers . 14 7.10 Energy consumed for freeze protection . 14 7.11 Over-temperature control . 15 7.12 Modelling gas storage water heaters 15 7.13 Modelling inst
11、antaneous gas water heaters . 16 7.14 Presentation of results 17 7.15 Extension of simulation model for new products 19 Annex A (normative) Water heater parameters . 20 Annex B (normative) Storage vessel performance . 34 Annex C (normative) Integral collector storage unit test method . 37 Annex D (n
12、ormative) Corrections for effect of hail guards on solar collector efficiency . 41 Annex E (normative) PV powered DC pumps in solar water heating systems 43 Annex F (normative) Heat exchanger test methods 50 Annex G (normative) Reference conditions for testing and performance prediction . 58 Annex H
13、 (informative) Example simulation models 63 Annex I (informative) Guidelines for equipment suppliers . 67 Annex J (informative) Guidelines for Certification Bodies . 68 Bibliography 70 BS ISO 9459-4:2013ISO 9459-4:2013(E) iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization fo
14、r Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the
15、 right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internati
16、onal Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication
17、as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
18、ISO 9459-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 180, Solar energy, Subcommittee SC 4, Systems Thermal performance, reliability and durability. ISO 9459 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solar heating Domestic water heating systems: Part 1: Performance rating procedure us
19、ing indoor test methods Part 2: Outdoor test methods for system performance characterization and yearly performance prediction of solar-only systems Part 4: System performance characterization by means of component tests and computer simulation Part 5: System performance characterization by means of
20、 whole-system tests and computer simulation BS ISO 9459-4:2013ISO 9459-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved v0 Introduction ISO 9459 has been developed to help facilitate the international comparison of solar domestic water heating systems. Because a generalized performance model which is applicab
21、le to all systems has not yet been developed, it has not been possible to obtain an international consensus for one test method and one standard set of test conditions. It has therefore been decided to promulgate the currently available simple test methods while work continues to finalize the more b
22、roadly applicable procedures. The advantage of this approach is that each part can proceed on its own. 0.1 General ISO 9459 is divided into four parts within three broad categories, as described below. 0.2 Rating test ISO 9459-1, Solar heating Domestic water heating systems Part 1: Performance ratin
23、g procedure using indoor test methods, involves testing for periods of one day for a standardized set of reference conditions. The results, therefore, allow systems to be compared under identical solar, ambient and load conditions. 0.3 Black box correlation procedures ISO 9459-2, Solar heating Domes
24、tic water heating systems Part 2: Outdoor test methods for system performance characterization and yearly performance prediction of solar-only systems, is applicable to solar-only systems and solar-preheat systems. The performance test for solar-only systems is a “black box” procedure which produces
25、 a family of “input-output” characteristics for a system. The test results may be used directly with daily mean values of local solar irradiation, ambient air temperature and cold water temperature data to predict annual system performance. 0.4 Testing and computer simulation ISO 9459-4, Solar heati
26、ng Domestic water heating systems Part 4: System performance characterization by means of component tests and computer simulation, a procedure for characterizing annual system performance, uses measured component characteristics in a computer simulation program. Procedures for characterizing the per
27、formance of system components other than collectors are also presented in this part of ISO 9459. Procedures for characterizing the performance of collectors are given in other International Standards. ISO 9459-5, Solar heating Domestic water heating systems Part 5: System performance characterizatio
28、n by means of whole-system tests and computer simulation, presents a procedure for dynamic testing of complete systems to determine system parameters for use in the “Dynamic System Testing Program”. This software has been validated on a range of systems; however, it is a proprietary product and cann
29、ot be modified by the user. Implementation of the software requires training from a test facility experienced with the application of the product. This model may be used with hourly values of local solar irradiation, ambient air temperature and cold water temperature data to predict annual system pe
30、rformance. The procedures defined in ISO 9459-2, ISO 9459-4 and ISO 9459-5 for predicting yearly performance allow the output of a system to be determined for a range of climatic conditions. The results of tests performed in accordance with ISO 9459-1 provide a rating for a standard day. The results
31、 of tests performed in accordance with ISO 9459-2 permit performance predictions for a range of system loads and operating conditions, but only for an evening draw-off. BS ISO 9459-4:2013ISO 9459-4:2013(E) vi ISO 2013 All rights reserved0.5 Introduction to ISO 9459-4 ISO 9549-4 presents a procedure
32、predicting the annual performance of a solar thermal system using a numerical simulation programme. The parameters of the characterisation of the thermal behaviour of the key components such as solar collector, store and controller are derived from physical tests of the components. Because testing o
33、f the complete system as a whole is especially expensive and time consuming for system families, this approach offers the opportunity to determine the annual performance of a family of systems with limited effort. NOTE A system family is characterised by a series of hot water systems that are identi
34、cal with regard to their construction and only differ in their collector and storage dimension. An identical construction is given if the set-up of the system is similar (pipes, electrical pump, hydraulic connections, type but not mandatorily size of the heat exchanger), the insulation concept is si
35、milar (material, thickness) and the collectors installed are from the same type. Procedures exist for testing most solar thermal system components. Where they exist, they are referenced. In case no standardised component test procedures are available appropriate procedures have to be used to determi
36、ne the thermal characteristics of the components. The intention of this International Standard is to determine the thermal performance of the system. Therefore, it is assumed that all key components (e.g., collectors, stores, heat exchangers, etc.) used in the system are subjected to relevant durabi
37、lity tests (e.g., collector qualification tests, pressurization of the collector side of the heat exchanger, etc.) before they are tested for thermal performance. In order to ensure a proper operation of the entire system additional durability tests may be required of the complete system to determin
38、e operation under extreme conditions such as freezing or overheating based on corresponding standards. The performance evaluation procedure defined in this International Standard has been designed to provide a means of evaluating the annual task performance of heated water systems. This Internationa
39、l Standard sets out a method of evaluating the annual energy performance of heated water systems using a combination of test results for component performance and a mathematical model to determine an annual load cycle task performance. This International Standard defines a procedure for evaluating t
40、he task performance of conventional electric and gas domestic water heaters so that the energy savings of solar and heat pump water heaters can be evaluated relative to conventional water heaters operated under the same annual task load. The performance evaluations are based on modelling annual perf
41、ormance in a range of climatic conditions using a simulation program. The chosen simulation program shall have flexibility and the capacity to model the wide range of renewable energy water heaters used worldwide. The procedure for using this International Standard is illustrated in the figure below
42、. The general concept is to develop computer models that describe the performance of every component of the solar water heating system. These models can be based on specific tests (listed herein and in EN 12977-2 and AS/NZS 4234). These models are then combined in a system simulation that can be use
43、d to estimate the performance of the complete solar heating system under specified hot water usage and weather conditions. Information for users of this International Standard is presented in Annexes I and J. BS ISO 9459-4:2013ISO 9459-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved viiComponent Tests - Sola
44、r collecting unit o Active (forced circulation) o Passive (thermosiphon, integral collector storage) - Storage vessels o Solar o Backup water heater - Controller - Pump(s) Solar Water Heating System Computer Simulation Model Weather Hot Water Usage Estimate of: - Energy output - Backup fuel consumpt
45、ion - Auxiliary energy consumption - Savings compared to conventional water heating system It is the intent of this part of ISO 9459 to be compatible with EN 12977-2, “Thermal solar systems and components, Custom built systems, Test methods” such that tests conducted for use by certification bodies
46、can be done in accordance with either one interchangeably. The terms “normative” and “informative” have been used in this International Standard to define the application of the annex to which they apply. A “normative” annex is an integral part of an International Standard, whereas an “informative”
47、annex is only for information and guidance. BS ISO 9459-4:2013BS ISO 9459-4:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9459-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Solar heating Domestic water heating systems Part 4: System performance characterization by means of component tests and computer simulation 1 Scope
48、 This International Standard specifies a method of evaluating the annual energy performance of solar water heaters using a combination of test results for component performance and a mathematical model to determine an annual load cycle task performance under specified weather and load conditions. Th
49、e procedure is applicable to solar water heaters with integral backup or preheating into a conventional storage or instantaneous water heater and to integral collector storage water heaters. System operating requirements specified in this International Standard are for the purpose of determining an annual performance rating for domestic water heaters. There are no product design or operation requirements in this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable
