1、PD CEN/TR15739:2008ICS 91.100.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPrecast concreteproducts Concrete finishes IdentificationLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis Published Documentw
2、as published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 August2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 60337 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 15739:2008National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR15739:2008.The UK part
3、icipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/524, Precast concrete products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are respons
4、ible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSITECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15739December 2008ICS 91.100.
5、30English VersionPrecast concrete products - Concrete finishes - IdentificationProduits prfabriqus en bton - Surface et parements debton - lments didentificationBetonfertigteile - Betonoberflchen -BeschreibungsmerkmaleThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 23 March 2008. It has been drawn up b
6、y the Technical Committee CEN/TC 229.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,R
7、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
8、worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15739:2008: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 62 Terms and definitions 62.1 Faces .62.2 Fini
9、shes .62.3 Surface characteristics .93 Principle of characterization and identification . 103.1 General . 103.2 Flatness 103.3 Texture . 103.4 Colour . 103.5 Identification of the reference 103.6 Definition of level of quality . 114 Test methods . 124.1 Flatness (deflection) . 124.2 Check of appeara
10、nce 145 Description of units 16Annex A (informative) Surface characteristics 17Annex B (informative) Example of specifications of requirements applicable to architectural units 18Annex C (informative) Concrete sample surface finish example of acceptance report 19Annex D (informative) Reference image
11、s to identify the severity of blowholes in concrete surfaces 20Annex E (informative) CIB grey scale . 22Annex F (informative) Examples of pictures deal with some methods of concrete finishes . 23Bibliography . 25Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Co
12、py, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15739:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncon
13、trolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 4 Introduction The visual perception of concrete finishes is determined by characteristics which can vary to different extents, i.e. variations which are intentional (more or less). Intended variations imply that one is acquainted with t
14、he material and is able to vary the characteristic within limits set by oneself, without the variations being regarded as defects. Finishes depend on manufacturing techniques such as: Before casting The finish is determined by the surface of the mould: smooth ex-mould finish, profiled from the mould
15、, profiled/patterned from a lining in the mould, cast-on elements, use of retarders. Mould-hardened off-the-form finish As cast finish obtained through contact with the mould in the case of concrete hardened in the mould. The face may be smooth or textured. Dry-cast off-the-form finish As cast fair-
16、faced finish obtained through contact with the mould in the case of immediate demoulding. The characteristics of concrete finishes are: Texture, from the most elaborated to evenness and, if it is more coarse, unevenness, possibility developing to a maximum unevenness, which is difficult to stipulate
17、; Colour which can be expressed in colour scale; Grey tone which can be expressed in grey scales, sometimes with some colour incorporated; Pattern, a characteristic, in another type and scale than three above, and which can be formed by variations in these characteristics. In contrast to the conscio
18、usly selected characteristics there can be additional surface aspects of sorts which are not desired which consequently should be named deviations (i.e. deviations from intentional characteristics or from the quality level for these characteristics). To these belongs blowholes, lumps, groove etc. As
19、 a consequence one should separate between characteristics on one side and deviations on the other side and consider them as different matters, due to the great difference in their nature. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15
20、739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 5 In contrast one should observe that blowholes in certain cases can be intentional, if they are uniformly distributed over a concrete surface, to lend it a visual “softness”. For some products, such as architectural components, the required surface appearance could be
21、chosen on the basis of samples for coordinating the surface character. Before building and delivery, start reference surfaces are chosen from the sample surface. At the time an order is placed, agreement on the appearance of the face(s) is formalized by an acceptance report for the reference sample(
22、s) proposed by the manufacturer. This report also identifies the conventional mean colour chosen from a reference colour chart to be used to subsequently assess consistency of colour (see Annex C and Annex E). NOTE 1 Colour scales are not included in this CEN technical report because the paper publi
23、cation is in black and white. Each country could establish special colour scales. NOTE 2 The consistency of concrete appearance is governed by the uniformity of the raw materials from which it is made or of the pigments used. The fact that the raw materials are of natural mineral origin implies tole
24、rances on the appearance of the concrete products supplied. NOTE 3 Because of the time it takes for concrete to cure, the appearance of the reference sample can be assessed only after a certain minimum time, generally one week after treatment, or longer, depending on the cements used (e.g. CEM II A
25、and CEM II B) and in all cases at delivery. NOTE 4 When the colour consistency of several products is inspected at the same time, account should be taken of any age differences. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN
26、/TR 15739:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope This document provides guidelines for the surface appearance of precast concrete products and the methods for inspecting and assessing the conformity of appearance for use in conjunction with specific product standards. This document may also be used to describe the appe
27、arance of products for which there is no standard. If there is a specific standard for a precast concrete product, it takes priority over this document. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 Faces 2.1.1 seen face surface intended to
28、 be seen when in use 2.1.2 facing layer layer of concrete on the seen face of a product of different material and/or properties to the main body or backing layer of a product. Facing layer may be not completely mixed colour concrete (marbling) NOTE To be distinguished from wipe, i.e. a fine cement m
29、ortar or slurry applied to the surface of the product. 2.1.3 arris part of a product where two faces meet. It can be bevelled, rounded, chamfered, radiussed or splayed 2.1.4 draw intended angle of the side face from the vertical plane of a product 2.1.5 chamfer bevelled arris 2.2 Finishes 2.2.1 Gene
30、ral 2.2.1.1 unformed surface surface not in contact with the mould during moulding. This surface may be given complementary treatment while the concrete is still green to give a more uniform finish. The different treatments possible are defined below NOTE In certain special cases the shape of the pr
31、ecast unit may require application of a moulding surface to the upper face of the unit; this may result in a large number of blowholes which may be attenuated by one of the surface treatments defined below. 2.2.1.2 screeded finish obtained by drawing a straightedge, for example, across the surface o
32、f the concrete Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 7 2.2.1.3 rubbed-off finish obtained by using a rubbing board , for example, or similar tool NOTE Cement and sand may be sprinkled on and worked
33、 into bleeding concrete or mortar if the quantities are moderate and the work is regular and carried out with an equally proportioned mix of cement and very fine sand. Use of cement alone is prohibited. 2.2.1.4 trowelled finish obtained by using a steel or other kind of trowel, for example 2.2.1.5 s
34、emi-polished finish obtained when the surface of the concrete is semi-polished with a rag or expanded polystyrene, for example, or brushed with a soft or other kind of brush 2.2.1.6 imprinted finish obtained by using an indent roller or similar tool to be defined at the time of the order 2.2.2 Worke
35、d surfaces 2.2.2.1 Worked in plastic state 2.2.2.1.1 brushed roughness created by brushing the surface of the fresh mortar with a stiff brush 2.2.2.1.2 water-washed surface from which the first 2 mm and more of fine mortar is removed by washing 2.2.2.1.3 fine washed surface from which not more than
36、2 mm of the first fine mortar is removed by washing 2.2.2.2 Worked in hardened state 2.2.2.2.1 bush hammered result of scalling the surface of hardened concrete with a bush hammer 2.2.2.2.2 acid-etched exposed aggregate finish in which the aggregate has been exposed by putting an acid solution on th
37、e surface for a time and washing it off with water 2.2.2.2.3 chemically retarded exposed aggregate finish (to a greater or lesser extent) in which the concrete surface has been treated with a retarder and the hardened product has been washed down with water and/or brushed 2.2.2.2.4 splitted irregula
38、rly chipped or hammered face revealing all the constituents of the concrete, including broken coarse aggregate Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 8 NOTE The above techniques require considerable
39、 skill in the work procedures, and require extra concrete cover in the case of reinforced products. 2.2.2.2.5 flamed exposed aggregate finish in which the top few millimetres of the surface have been flaked off by flame action, for example 2.2.2.2.6 finely ground surface ground back with a mechanica
40、l grinder, used wet or dry, to partially expose the fine aggregate (sand) 2.2.2.2.7 grinded description of a surface which is grinded once without abrading. Brush marks and pores can be visible 2.2.2.2.8 coarsely ground surface ground back to some depth with a mechanical grinder, used wet or dry, to
41、 reveal the deep texture of the concrete and provide rough surface retaining grinding marks 2.2.2.2.9 polished coarsely ground surface ground several times with increasingly fine grit heads to achieve a uniform finish without visible marks. Depending on the type of aggregate and the final treatment,
42、 the finish may be gloss, with or without blowholes 2.2.2.2.10 sawed raspy surface without any more preparation 2.2.2.2.11 abrasive blasted hardened concrete surface blasted with sand or grit. The grading of the grit, its hardness, and the spray pressure used enable variation from brush blasting (li
43、ght abrasion of the surface skin) to heavy blasting that partially exposes the aggregate 2.2.2.2.12 pressure jetted hardened concrete surface sprayed with a high-pressure water jet NOTE The water pressure and adjustment of the jet enable the depth of abrasion and therefore the resulting finish to be
44、 varied. 2.2.2.2.13 shot blasting erosion of surface by projection of steel shot 2.2.2.2.14 aging processing with special hammering techniques will give a rustic and antique look 2.2.2.2.15 bossed on the split surface, aris are broken to give an effect of cut stones 2.2.2.2.16 point tooling result o
45、f scalling the surface of hardened concrete with a pointed graver Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 07/12/2009 01:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15739:2008CEN/TR 15739:2008 (E) 9 2.2.3 Painted or coated surface 2.2.3.1 coated surface surface faced at delivery in accorda
46、nce with stipulations made at the time of the order 2.2.3.2 surface to be painted or coated surface to be painted or coated after delivery NOTE 1 Since the requisite finish depends on the type and “build“ of the paint to be used, these parameters should be known at the time of the order. NOTE 2 Any
47、mould release agent on the surface should be compatible with the stipulated paint or coating. 2.3 Surface characteristics Surface characteristics are defined in Table 1 and Annex A. Table 1 Surface characteristics Characteristics Description Blowholes In mass concrete: voids at the surface of the co
48、ncrete. For facing concrete: defects consisting of the appearance of bubbles (blisters) or pits (burst bubbles), generally around 5 mm deep and between a few millimetres and a few centimetres in diameter (cf. Annex D). Large crack Crack more than 2 mm wide. Scaling Thin layer of hardened mortar sepa
49、rating from the concrete surface in fragments called flakes. Corner spalling Spalling at the corner of the concrete unit. Efflorescence Fine, generally whitish crystalline deposit forming at the concrete surface. NOTE When efflorescence occurs it is not deleterious to the performance of the product in use and is not considered significant. Spalling Detachment of fragments from a concrete surface. Crazing Network of fine and shallow cracks forming a regular mesh. Appears at
