1、 ISO 2015. CSA Group 2015. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.CAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15(ISO 16968:2015, IDT)National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15Solid biofuels Determination of minor elements(ISO 16968:2015, IDT)Legal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Ass
2、ociation (operating as “CSA Group”) develops standards through a consensus standards development process approvedby the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensusand develop a standard. Although CSA Group adm
3、inisters the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it doesnot independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, expres
4、s or implied, including, without limitation,implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringementof any third partys intellectual property rights. CSA Group does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or curr
5、ency of any of the informationpublished in this document. CSA Group makes no representations or warranties regarding this documents compliance with any applicablestatute, rule, or regulation.IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA GROUP, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYE
6、ES, DIRECTORS,OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGEDDATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS,W
7、HETHER BASED IN CONTRACT,TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHERTHEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA GROUPHAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.In publishing and making thi
8、s document available, CSA Group is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of anyperson or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directedto those who have the appropriate degree of
9、 experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA Group accepts no responsibility whatsoeverarising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document.CSA Group is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CS
10、A Group has no power, nor does itundertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other documents it publishes.Intellectual property rights and ownershipAs between CSA Group and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA Group is the owner, or
11、 the authorizedlicensee, of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and allinventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected bypatents an
12、d applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document mayviolate laws that protect CSA Groups and/or others intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA Group and/or others to seek legalredress for such use, modificat
13、ion, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA Group reserves all intellectualproperty rights in this document.Patent rightsAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. CSA Group shall not beheld
14、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity ofany such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.Authorized use of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA Group for informational and
15、non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to doonly the following:If this document is in electronic form: load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it; search and browse this document; and print this document if it is in PDF format.Limited copies of
16、this document in print or paper form may be distributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA Group to have suchcopies, and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.In addition, users may not and may not permit others to alter this document in any way or remove this Legal Notice from
17、the attached standard; sell this document without authorization from CSA Group; or make an electronic copy of this document.If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not load or use this document or make anycopies of the contents hereof, and if
18、you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this documentconstitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Standards Update ServiceCAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15September 2015Title: Solid biofuels Determination of minor elementsTo register for e-mai
19、l notification about any updates to this publication go to shop.csa.ca click on CSA Update ServiceThe List ID that you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2424115.If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupportcsagroup.org or call 416-747-2233.Visit CSA Groups policy on pri
20、vacy at www.csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect yourpersonal information.Canadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”), underwhose auspices this National Standard has been produced, waschartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council ofCanada to the National Standards
21、system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged instandards development and certification activities.CSA Group standards reflect a national consensus of producers andusers including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions andprofessional organizatio
22、ns, and governmental agencies. Thestandards are used widely by industry and commerce and oftenadopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in theirregulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building andconstruction, and the environment.Individuals, companies, and associa
23、tions across Canada indicatetheir support for CSA Groups standards development byvolunteering their time and skills to Committee work and supportingCSA Groups objectives through sustaining memberships. The morethan 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustainingmemberships together form CSA Groups
24、 total membership fromwhich its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent amajor source of income for CSA Groups standards developmentactivities.CSA Group offers certification and testing services in support of andas an extension to its standards development activities. To ensurethe int
25、egrity of its certification process, CSA Group regularly andcontinually audits and inspects products that bear theCSA Group Mark.In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSAGroup has regional branch offices in major centres across Canadaand inspection and testing agencies in
26、 eight countries. Since 1919,CSA Group has developed the necessary expertise to meet itscorporate mission: CSA Group is an independent serviceorganization whose mission is to provide an open and effectiveforum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and servicesthrough the use of standards
27、, certification and related services tomeet national and international needs.For further information on CSA Group services, write toCSA Group178 Rexdale BoulevardToronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3CanadaA National Standard of Canada is a standard developed by an SCC-accredited Standards Development Organizati
28、on (SDO), andapproved by the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), in accordancewith SCCs: Requirements and Guidance Accreditation forStandards Development Organizations, and Requirements andGuidance Approval of National Standards of Canada Designation.More information on National Standard requirements
29、 can be foundat www.scc.ca.An SCC-approved standard reflects the consensus of a number ofexperts whose collective interests provide, to the greatestpracticable extent, a balance of representation of affectedstakeholders. National Standards of Canada are intended to make asignificant and timely contr
30、ibution to the Canadian interest.SCC is a Crown corporation within the portfolio of Industry Canada.With the goal of enhancing Canadas economic competitiveness andsocial well-being, SCC leads and facilitates the development and useof national and international standards. SCC also coordinatesCanadian
31、 participation in standards development, and identifiesstrategies to advance Canadian standardization efforts.Accreditation services are provided by SCC to various customers,including product certifiers, testing laboratories, and standardsdevelopment organizations. A list of SCC programs and accredi
32、tedbodies is publicly available at www.scc.ca.Users should always obtain the latest edition of a National Standardof Canada from the standards development organization responsiblefor its publication, as these documents are subject to periodicreview.Standards Council of Canada600-55 Metcalfe StreetOt
33、tawa, Ontario, K1P 6L5CanadaCette Norme Nationale du Canada est disponible en versions franaise et anglaise.Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility ofthe users to judge its suitability for their par
34、ticular purpose.TMA trade-mark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”ICS 75.160.10ISBN 978-1-4883-0168-1 2015 CSA GroupAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoeverwithout the prior permission of the publisher.Published in Septembe
35、r 2015 by CSA GroupA not-for-profit private sector organization178 Rexdale Boulevard,Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caor call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.TMA trade-mar k of the Canadian S tandards Associ
36、ation,operating as “CSA Group”Reviewed byPrepared byInternational Organization for StandardizationApproved bySolid biofuels Determination ofminor elements(ISO 16968:2015, IDT)CAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15 Solid biofuels Determination of minor elementsSeptember 2
37、015 2015 CSA GroupCSA/5CAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15Solid biofuels Determination of minorelements(ISO 16968:2015, IDT)CSA PrefaceThis is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 16968, Solid biofuels Determination of minor elements, whichis an adoption without modification of the identically titled ISO (Internationa
38、l Organization forStandardization) Standard 16968 (first edition, 2015-05-15).For brevity, this Standard will be referred to as “CAN/CSA-ISO 16968“ throughout.This Standard is one of many Standards developed by ISO/TC 238 on Solid Biofuels that are beingadopted by CSA Group. The minor elements prese
39、nt in solid biofuels can, in some cases, be ofenvironmental concern, e.g., it has been shown that certain energy crops will concentrate cadmiumand, in polluted areas, other toxic elements may be found at elevated concentrations in the biofuels. Inthis Standard, wet chemical methods are described.Thi
40、s Standard is intended for the determination of the minor elements Arsenic, Cadmium, Cobalt,Chromium, Copper, Mercury, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Lead, Antimony, Vanadium, and Zinc inall solid biofuels. Further, it describes methods for sample decomposition and suggests suitableinstrumental meth
41、ods for the determination of the elements of interest in the digests. Thedetermination of other elements such as Selenium,Tin, and Thallium is also possible with the methoddescribed in this Standard.This Standard was reviewed for Canadian adoption by the CSA Technical Committee on Solid Biofuels,und
42、er the jurisdiction of the CSA Strategic Steering Committee on Fuel Burning Equipment, and hasbeen formally approved by the Technical Committee. This Standard has been approved as a NationalStandard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. 2015 CSA GroupAll rights reserved. No part of this publ
43、ication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without theprior permission of the publisher. ISO material is reprinted with permission. Where the words “thisInternational Standard” appear in the text, they should be interpreted as “this National Standard ofCanada”.Inquiries regarding this National
44、 Standard of Canada should be addressed toCSA Group178 Rexdale Boulevard,Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R31-800-463-6727 416-747-4000http:/csa.caTo purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.ca or call toll-free1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.CAN/CSA-ISO 16968:15 S
45、olid biofuels Determination of minor elementsSeptember 2015 2015 CSA GroupCSA/6This Standard is subject to review five years from the date of publication, and suggestions for itsimprovement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, pleasesend the following infor
46、mation to inquiriescsagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in thesubject line:a) Standard designation (number);b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;c) wording of the proposed change; andd) rationale for the change.CSA Technical Committee on Solid BiofuelsM. Melin Delta Research Cor
47、p.,Delta, British ColumbiaCategory: Producer InterestChairS. Abercrombie Gildale Farms,St. Marys, OntarioCategory: Producer InterestM. Albright University of New Brunswick,Fredericton, New BrunswickCategory: General InterestK. Campbell Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry,Sault Ste. Ma
48、rie, OntarioAssociateM. Douek FPInnovations,Saint-Laurent, QubecCategory: User InterestJ. Fisher Ontario Biomass Producers Cooperative Inc.,Kilbride, OntarioCategory: Producer InterestS. Hamel Ontario Power Generation,Nanticoke, OntarioCategory: User InterestD. Harfield Alberta Innovates Technology
49、Futures,Vegreville, AlbertaCategory: General InterestR.K. Kanipayor Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry,Sault Ste. Marie, OntarioCategory: General InterestG. Kutney Sixth Element Sustainable Management,Ottawa, OntarioCategory: User InterestC. Lalonde CJ Agren Consulting, Ontario Federation ofAgriculture,Guelph, OntarioCategory: Producer InterestS. Law Ontario Ministry of the Environment,Toronto, OntarioCategory: Regulatory AuthorityS. Madrali Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY,Ottawa, OntarioCategory: Regulatory Autho
