1、Information technology SGML applications Topic mapsTechnologies de linformation Applications SGML Plans relatifs des sujetsReference numberISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13250:04(ISO/IEC 13250:2003)International Standard ISO/IEC 13250:2003 (second editio
2、n, 2003-05-15) has been adopted withoutmodification (IDT) as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13250:04, which has been approved as a NationalStandard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55397-811-0 December 2004The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), under whose auspices this National
3、Standard has been produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. CSA standards reflect a
4、national consensus of producers and users including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations,
5、particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. Individuals, companies, and associations across Canada indicate their support for CSAs standards development by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objec
6、tives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards development activities. The Associat
7、ion offers certification and testing services in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. In addition to its head office
8、 and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose
9、 mission is to provide an open and effective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association5
10、060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6CanadaThe Standards Council of Canada is the coordinating body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the n
11、ational interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and
12、 furthering international cooperation in the field of standards. A National Standard of Canada is a standard which has been approved by the Standards Council of Canada and one which reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide
13、to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It normally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approv
14、al of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards
15、 development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard.The re
16、sponsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with theStandards Council of Canada270 Albert Street, Suite 200Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7CanadaAlthough the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of t
17、he users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13250:04 Information technology SGML applications Topic mapsDecember 2004 Canadian Standards Association CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13250:04Information technology SGML appl
18、ications Topic mapsCSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT, Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technica
19、l Committee 1 on Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International T
20、elegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This Standard supersedes CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13250:02 (adoption of ISO/IEC 13250:2000).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable
21、 for use in Canada. (A committee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manager.) From time to time, ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approval and publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalog
22、ue or CSA Info Update or contact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.December 2004 Canadian Standards Association 2004All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form wh
23、atsoever without the prior permission ofthe publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permission. Where the words “this International Standard” appear in the text, they should be interpreted as “this National Standard of Canada”.Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addr
24、essed toCanadian Standards Association5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044www.csa.caINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC13250Second edition2003-05-15Reference numberISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003Information technology SGML applications Topic mapsT
25、echnologies de linformation Applications SGML Plans relatifs des sujetsISO/IEC 13250:2003(E)ii ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedPDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shallnot be edited unless the
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28、 event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2003All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including phot
29、ocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below orISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) IS
30、O/IEC 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Notation 65 Topic maps architecture 76 Conformance 24Annex A (normative) Topic maps meta-DTD 25Annex B (informative) Example of an architectural support declaration for the topic mapsarchitectu
31、re . 38Annex C (normative) XML DTD for web-oriented topic maps 39ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E)iv ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International ElectrotechnicalCommission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.
32、National bodies that are members ofISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees establishedby the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technicalcommittees collaborate in fields of mutual interes
33、t. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have establish
34、ed a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies forvoting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodiescasting a vote.Attention is drawn to the
35、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC 13250 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,Subcommittee SC 34, Docume
36、nt description and processing languages.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 13250:2000), which has been technicallyrevised.ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved vIntroductionThis International Standard provides a standardized notation for interchangea
37、bly representing informationabout the structure of information resources used to define topics, and the relationships between topics. A setof one or more interrelated documents that employs the notation defined by this International Standard is calleda topic map. In general, the structural informati
38、on conveyed by topic maps includes: groupings of addressable information objects around topics (“occurrences”), and relationships between topics (“associations”).A topic map defines a multidimensional topic space a space in which the locations are topics, and in whichthe distances between topics are
39、 measurable in terms of the number of intervening topics which must be visitedin order to get from one topic to another, and the kinds of relationships that define the path from one topic toanother, if any, through the intervening topics, if any.NOTE 1 Two topics may be connected through an associat
40、ion, and they can also be connected by virtue of sharing anoccurrence.In addition, information objects can have properties, as well as values for those properties, assigned to themexternally. These properties are called facet types.NOTE 2 The word facet can mean one side of a many-sided, polished ob
41、ject, or one segment of a compound eye (e.g. aninsects). Its metaphorical use here captures the idea that a facet is a property of a set of information objects that can beused to create a view of them.Several topic maps can provide topical structure information about the same information resources.
42、The topicmaps architecture is designed to facilitate merging topic maps without requiring the merged topic maps to becopied or modified. Because of their extrinsic character, topic maps can be thought of as overlays on, orextensions to, sets of information objects.The base notation of topic maps is
43、SGML; an interchangeable topic map always consists of at least one SGMLdocument, and it may include and/or refer to other kinds information resources. A set of information resourcesthat comprise a complete interchangeable topic map can be specified using the “bounded object set (BOS)”facility define
44、d by the HyTime architecture in ISO/IEC 10744:1997.As the Extensible Markup Language (XML), a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation, is a subset ofSGML, as explained in Annex K of SGML (1997), also known as WebSGML, XML can be also used as a basenotation for Topic Maps.The topic map notation is d
45、efined as an SGML Architecture, and this International Standard takes the form of anarchitecture definition document expressed in conformance with Normative Annex A.3 of ISO/IEC 10744:1997,the SGML Architectural Form Definition Requirements (AFDR). The formal definition of the topic map notationis e
46、xpressed as a meta-DTD.viINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 13250:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved 1Information technology SGML applications Topic maps1ScopeNOTE 1 This clause defines the scope of this International Standard. It should not be confused with the concept of “scope”defined in 3.16,
47、which only applies in the context of topic maps.Topic maps enable multiple, concurrent views of sets of information objects. The structural nature of these viewsis unconstrained; they may reflect an object oriented approach, or they may be relational, hierarchical, ordered,unordered, or any combinat
48、ion of the foregoing. Moreover, an unlimited number of topic maps may be overlaidon a given set of information resources.Topic maps can be used: to qualify the content and/or data contained in information objects as topics to enable navigational toolssuch as indexes, cross-references, citation syste
49、ms, or glossaries; to link topics together in such a way as to enable navigation between them. This capability can be used forvirtual document assembly, and for creating thesaurus-like interfaces to corpora, knowledge bases, etc.; to filter an information set to create views adapted to specific users or purposes. For example, such filteringcan aid in the management of multilingual documents, management of access modes depending onsecurity criteria, delivery of partial views depending on user profiles and/o
