1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013Geographic information Spatial Data Infrastructure Service centric viewPD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15449-4:2013. Together with PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012, PD CEN/TR 154
2、49-2:2012 and PD CEN/TR 15449-3:2012, it supersedes PD CEN/TR 15449:2011, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.T
3、his publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.ISBN 978 0 580 83994 8ICS 35.240.70This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2013.
4、The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedTECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15449-4 July 2013 ICS 35.240.70 English Version Geographic information - Spatial Data Infrastru
5、cture - Service centric view Information Gographique - Infrastructure de donnes spatiales - Vue centre services Geoinformation - Geodateninfrastrukturen - Teil 4: Service-zentrierte Sicht This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 20 November 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee C
6、EN/TC 287. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
7、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in
8、any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15449-4:2013: ECEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Abbreviated terms 9 5 Service-centric view on SDI . 10 5.1 Introduction 10 5.2 Use of RM-ODP
9、viewpoints 11 5.2.1 The enterprise viewpoint . 11 5.2.2 The computational viewpoint 12 5.2.3 The information viewpoint . 12 5.2.4 The engineering viewpoint 12 5.2.5 The technology viewpoint 12 5.3 Relationships between viewpoints 12 5.4 Service models, processes and service oriented architectures 13
10、 5.5 The model-driven approach . 13 5.6 System-of-Systems Engineering . 13 6 Enterprise viewpoint 15 6.1 Overview . 15 6.2 Relevant standards 16 6.3 Example and tools 16 7 Computational viewpoint . 17 7.1 Overview . 17 7.2 Relevant standards 17 7.3 Examples and tools 18 7.3.1 Service Modeling with S
11、oaML . 18 7.3.2 Lifecycle Service Components 18 7.3.3 Value Chain of SDI Knowledge Generation . 19 7.3.4 Overview of Stakeholders 19 7.3.5 Requirements for a next generation of SDI Services . 20 7.4 Architecture-based Enabler Classification . 21 8 Information viewpoint 22 8.1 Introduction 22 8.2 Rel
12、evant standards 24 8.3 Examples and tools 24 9 Engineering viewpoint . 25 9.1 Overview . 25 9.2 Multi-style SOA . 25 9.3 Relevant standards 27 9.3.1 Service-Oriented-Architectures . 27 9.3.2 Representational State Transfer (REST) . 28 9.3.3 Web 2.0 . 28 10 Technology viewpoint 29 10.1 Overview . 29
13、10.2 Architectural Classification according to Cloud Computing Service Categories . 30 11 Services and Security 30 11.1 Services - security and rights management . 30 11.2 Managing access and re-use rights 31 11.3 Drivers of effective rights management 31 PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E
14、)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 3 11.4 Challenges of implementing rights management 32 11.5 Securing OGC Web Services 32 11.6 Security Requirements 33 Annex A (informative) RM-ODP viewpoints and the Parts of CEN/TR 15449 . 35 Annex B (informative) Example Use case based methodology . 36 Annex C (informativ
15、e) Example Use case template . 39 Annex D (informative) Service Modeling - SoaML . 42 PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15449-4:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic information”, the secretariat of w
16、hich is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. CEN/TR 15449, Geographic information - Spatial data infrastructur
17、es, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Reference model Part 2: Best practices Part 3: Data centric view Part 4: Service centric view. PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 5 Introduction Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is a general term for the computerised env
18、ironment for handling data that relates to a position on or near the surface of the earth. It may be defined in a range of ways, in different circumstances, from the local up to the global level. This Technical Report focuses on the technical aspects of SDIs, thereby limiting the term SDI to mean an
19、 implementation neutral technological infrastructure for geospatial data and services, based upon standards and specifications. It does not consider an SDI as a carefully designed and dedicated information system; rather, it is viewed as a collaborative framework of disparate information systems tha
20、t contain resources that stakeholders desire to share. The common denominator of SDI resources, which can be data or services, is their spatial nature. It is understood that the framework is in constant evolution, and that therefore the requirements for standards and specifications supporting SDI im
21、plementations evolve continuously. SDIs are becoming more linked and integrated with systems developed in the context of e-Government. Important drivers for this evolution are the Digital Agenda for Europe, and related policies1). By sharing emerging requirements at an early stage with the standardi
22、zation bodies, users of SDIs can help influence the revision of existing or the conception of new standards. A number of recommendations are made within the Eye on Earth White Paper 1 which provides additional context and background to the service centric view. The users of an SDI are considered to
23、be those individuals or organisations that, in the context of their business processes, need to share and access geo-resources in a meaningful and sustainable way. Based on platform- and vendor-neutral standards and specifications, an SDI aims at assisting organisations and individuals in publishing
24、, finding, delivering, and eventually, using geographic information and services over the internet across borders of information communities in a more cost-effective manner. Existing material about SDIs abounds. The following reports have been taken into account in the preparation of this Technical
25、Report: legal texts and guidelines produced in the context of INSPIRE; documents produced by ISO/TC 211 (and co-published by CEN); documents produced by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), including the OpenGIS Reference Model (ORM) 2; the European Interoperability Framework and related documents;
26、 deliverables from European Union-funded projects (e.g. ORCHESTRA, GIGAS, SANY, ENVISION, ENVIROFI, EO2HEAVEN)2). Considering the complexity of the subject and the need to capture and formalise different conceptual and modelling views, CEN/TR 15449 is comprised of multiple parts: Part 1: Reference m
27、odel: This part provides a general context model for the other Parts, applying general IT architecture standards; Part 2: Best Practice: This part provides best practices guidance for implementing SDI, through the evaluation of the projects in the frame of the European Union funding programmes; 1) A
28、s described in Part 1 of this Technical Report. 2) A list of EU Funded projects is given in Part 2 of this Technical Report. PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 6 Part 3: Data centric view: This part addresses concerns related to the data, which includes application
29、schemas and metadata; Part 4: Service centric view: This current document. Further parts may be created in the future. PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 7 1 Scope This Technical Report describes a service-centric view of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). The Ser
30、vice Centric view addresses the concepts of service specifications, the methodology for developing service specifications through the application of the relevant International Standards, and the content of such service specifications described from the perspective of the five Reference Model of Open
31、 Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) viewpoints: the enterprise viewpoint addresses service aspects from an organisational, business and user perspective; the computational viewpoint addresses service aspects from a system architect perspective; the information viewpoint addresses service aspects from a
32、 geospatial information expert perspective; the engineering viewpoint addresses service aspects from a system designer perspective; the technology viewpoint addresses service aspects from a system builder and implementer perspective. The intended readership of this Technical Report is those people w
33、ho are responsible for creating frameworks for SDI, experts contributing to INSPIRE experts in information and communication technologies and e-government that need to familiarise themselves with geographic information and SDI concepts, and standards developers and writers. 2 Normative references No
34、t applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 architecture fundamental organisation of a system embodied in its components, their relationship to each other and the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolut
35、ion SOURCE: IEEE 1471-2000. 3.2 architectural style co-ordinated set of architectural constraints that restricts the roles/characteristics of architectural elements and the allowed relationships among those elements within an architecture that conforms to that style SOURCE: 3, modified 3.3 conceptua
36、l formalism set of modelling concepts used to describe a conceptual model SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 EXAMPLE UML meta model, EXPRESS meta model. Note 1 to entry One conceptual formalism can be expressed in several conceptual schema languages. PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-
37、4:2013 (E) 8 3.4 conceptual model model that defines concepts of a universe of discourse SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 3.5 conceptual schema formal description of a conceptual model SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 3.6 conceptual schema language formal language based on a conceptual formalism for the purpose o
38、f representing conceptual schemas SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 EXAMPLE UML, EXPRESS, IDEF1X. Note 1 to entry: A conceptual schema language may be lexical or graphical. Several conceptual schema languages can be based on the same conceptual formalism. 3.7 conformance fulfilment of specified requirements
39、 SOURCE: EN ISO 19113:2005 3.8 component physical, replaceable part of a system that packages implementation and provides the realisation of a set of interfaces ISO/TS 19103:2005 3.9 identifier linguistically independent sequence of characters capable of uniquely and permanently identifying that wit
40、h which it is associated SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003 3.10 interface named set of operations that characterise the behaviour of an entity SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005 3.11 interoperability capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that require
41、s the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 3.12 reference frame aggregation of the data needed by different components of an information system PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 9 3.13 resource
42、 asset or means that fulfils a requirement SOURCE: EN ISO 19115:2005 3.14 Service delivery of value to another party, enabled by one or more capabilities SOURCE: OMG SoaML 3.15 use case specification of a sequence of actions, including variants, that a system (or other entity) can perform, interacti
43、ng with actors of the system SOURCE: OMG UML Specification 4 Abbreviated terms API Application Programming Interface AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and XML BPMN Business Process Model and Notation BMM Business Motivation Metamodel INSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe GIGAS GEOSS, I
44、NSPIRE and GMES an Action in Support GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security GML Geography Markup Language HTTP Hyper-text Transfer Protocol IaaS Infrastructure as a Service IT Information Technology JSON Javascript Object Notation OASIS O
45、rganisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards ORCHESTRA Open Architecture and Spatial Data Infrastructure for Risk Management ODP Open Distributed Processing OGC Open Geospatial Consortium OMG Object Management Group ORM OpenGIS Reference Model PD CEN/TR 15449-4:2013CEN/TR 1544
46、9-4:2013 (E)CEN/TR 15449-4:2013 (E) 10 PaaS Platform as a Service REST Representational State Transfer RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing RPC Remote Procedure Call SANY Sensors Anywhere SaaS Software as a Service SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure SEIS Shared Environmental Informatio
47、n System SOA Service Oriented Architecture SoaML Service oriented architecture Modeling Language SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol3)SoS System of Systems UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration UML Unified Modelling Language USDL Universal Service Description Language WSDL Web Service
48、 Description Language W3C World Wide Web Consortium XHTML eXtensible HyperText Markup Language XML eXtensible Markup Language 5 Service-centric view on SDI 5.1 Introduction Spatial Data Infrastructures can be regarded as a set of interconnected, distributed, information systems. Their complexity cal
49、ls for a structured approach to address properly the many facets. ISO/IEC 10746-1, Information technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Overview provides an overall conceptual framework for building open distributed processing systems in an incremental manner. The viewpoints of the RM-ODP standards have been widely adopted: they constitute the conceptual basis for the ISO 19100 series of geomatics standards, and they also have been employed in the OMG object management archit
