1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationClassification of thermoregulatory propertiesPD CEN/TR 16422:2012National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16422:2012. The UK participation in i
2、ts preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeTCI/24, Physical testing of textiles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for
3、 its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 76813 2 ICS 59.080.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Pol
4、icy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16422:2012TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16422 October 2012 ICS 59.080.30 English Version Classification of thermoregulatory properties Class
5、ement des proprits de thermorgulation Klassifizierung von thermoregulierenden Eigenschaften This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 August 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 248. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, C
6、yprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
7、Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16422:2012:
8、 EPD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Test methods 75 Performance levels of material properties . 116 Marking 18Annex A (informative) Examples of application 19Annex B (informative) Liquid swe
9、at transport and liquid sweat buffering. 23Bibliography . 31PD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16422:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the p
10、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This Technical Report has been developed to help retaile
11、rs, manufacturers and consumers with the evaluation of thermoregulatory properties of textiles, and selection of the most appropriate methods to define their individual material performance requirements. In order to encourage the use of the widest possible selection of materials and technologies, th
12、is report takes the form of advice and guidance on the tests or groups of tests which would verify the defined performance characteristics of a material or a product composite. It summarises the scope and application of the test described, and provides an indication of suggested range of results for
13、 the referred test method or methods to allow the user to grade performance of the material under evaluation. Where a choice of test methods are available for measuring the same parameter on a material, each is described to allow the user of the standard to select the most appropriate method for his
14、 requirements. This report introduces also a system of three performance levels for the different thermoregulatory properties: thermal insulation; water vapour transmission (breathability); air permeability; water penetration resistance and repellence; liquid sweat management. The large differences
15、in the conditions of use necessitate a flexible use of the properties and performance levels. This allows a choice of the appropriate level for each property and so to compose a product profile, adapted to each specific type of use. There is for example, a significant difference between thermoregula
16、tory properties required for outerwear clothing for cool, windy and rainy weather during low activity, and socks for warm indoor use during intense physical or sport activity. In addition, the work clothing for a shop assistant requires different properties of thermoregulation than the underwear int
17、ended for skiing, or home wear for the elderly. The ambient temperature, ambient moisture, wind and level of activity, the contact to skin or other layers of clothing influence the requirements. At the point of issue, it is recognised that the industry is in a constant state of development with rega
18、rd to new technology for innovative fibres and performance applications, and that methods required to evaluate these new technologies may in the future be different to those in this report. Subsequent revisions will consider the addition of any new test methods required to keep advice current to the
19、 industry and its changing needs. This document includes annexes. In Annex A, there is consideration for product design and use situations, as material performance is not the sole contributory factor to the thermoregulatory performance of the final product or ensemble in use. This Annex also has exa
20、mples of marking products. Annex B specifies two alternative methods for liquid sweat transport and liquid sweat buffering. PD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report outlines test methods available for the measurement of thermoregulatory properties of textile material
21、s for use in clothing, and provides guidance on the most suitable methods for selection where choices are available to the user. The document also provides classification of the thermoregulatory properties in three performance levels. This Technical Report excludes consideration for the thermoregula
22、tory properties of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clothing items or textile products for which a standard already specifies a particular requirement. This Technical Report excludes also phase change materials (PCM) and similar smart materials for thermoregulation, for which CEN/TR 16298 may
23、 give better guidance. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
24、nt (including any amendments) applies. EN 24920, Textiles Determination of resistance to surface wetting (spray test) of fabrics EN 29865, Textiles Determination of water repellency of fabrics by the Bundesmann rain-shower test EN 31092, Textiles Determination of physiological effects Measurement of
25、 thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test) EN ISO 9237, Textiles Determination of permeability of fabrics to air (ISO 9237) EN 20811, Textiles Determination of resistance to water penetration Hydrostatic pressure test. ISO 5085-1, Textiles Det
26、ermination of thermal resistance Part 1: Low thermal resistance AATCC TM 195, Liquid moisture management properties of textile fabrics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 thermoregulatory properties properties of textiles which in
27、fluence the thermoregulation of the human body to maintain the core body temperature at a stable and comfortable state Note 1 to entry: The properties are thermal insulation, water vapour transmission (breathability), air permeability, water penetration resistance and repellence and liquid sweat man
28、agement. 3.2 thermal insulation (resistance) Rcta quantity specific to textile materials or composites which determines the dry heat flux between the two faces of a material related to area and temperature gradient, expressed in square metres Kelvin per watt (m2K/W). Note 1 to entry: The dry heat fl
29、ux may consist of one or more conductive, convective and radiant components. PD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 6 3.3 water vapour transmission (breathability) WVT ability of the fabric to transport water vapour expressed either as an absolute value by the water vapour resistance Ret, by the
30、water vapour permeability WVP, or by the relative value related to thermal insulation by the water vapour permeability index imt.3.4 water vapour resistance Retquantity specific to textile materials and composites, which determines the latent evaporative heat flux between the two faces of a material
31、 related to area and water vapour pressure gradient, expressed in square metres pascal per watt (m2Pa/W). Note 1 to entry: The evaporative heat flux may consist of both diffusive and convective components. 3.5 water vapour permeability index imttransport properties related to thermal insulation expr
32、essed by an index between 0 and 1 3.6 water vapour permeability WVP rate of water vapour transmission expressed in grams per square metre hour pascal (g/m Pa h) 3.7 air permeability AP volume of air passing perpendicularly through a test specimen under specified conditions of test area, pressure dif
33、ference and time 3.8 water penetration resistance WP resistance to the penetration of water through the material under a specific hydrostatic pressure 3.9 water repellence ability of fabric to resist surface wetting by water 3.10 liquid sweat management consists, on one hand, of the uptake or buffer
34、ing of the sweat from the skin and, on the other hand, of the transport of the sweat from the skin to the ambience 3.11 skin contact products fabrics or garments intended primarily to be worn next to the skin Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are underwear, t-shirts, shirts, blouses, trousers, night
35、wear. 3.12 second layer or intermediate layer products fabrics or garments intended to be worn above the skin contact products and beneath the outer layer products Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are sweaters, shirts, vests, blouses. PD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 7 3.13 outer layer pro
36、ducts fabrics or garments intended to be worn outermost of the layer of clothing, primarily outdoors Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are overcoats, jackets, trousers, overalls, rainwear. 4 Test methods 4.1 Thermal insulation 4.1.1 General For the purposes of this Technical Report, two EN or ISO te
37、st methods have been identified for the measurement of thermal insulation. Both test methods give the thermal insulation value in m2K/W, and the results from the two tests are comparable. 4.1.2 ISO 5085-1, Textiles Determination of thermal resistance Part 1: Low thermal resistance Scope The standard
38、 specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of fabrics, fabric assemblies, or fibre aggregates in sheet form to the transmission of heat through them in the steady state condition. It applies to materials whose thermal resistance is up to approximately 0,2 mK/W. The method is only su
39、itable for materials of up to 20 mm thickness (if the material is thicker, lateral edge losses are more substantial). Principle The temperature drop across a material of known thermal resistance and across a specimen of the material under test in series with it are measured, and from the values obta
40、ined, the thermal resistance of the specimen is determined. Application Two methods are specified in the standard (single and double plate methods). In the context of this Technical Report, the single plate method should be used. 4.1.3 EN 31092, (ISO 11092) Textiles Determination of physiological ef
41、fects Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test) Scope The standard specifies test methods for the measurement of the thermal resistance and water vapour-resistance of fabrics, under steady-state conditions. The application of th
42、is measurement technique is restricted to a maximum thermal resistance (and water-vapour resistance) which depends on the dimensions and construction of the apparatus used, for the minimum specifications of the equipment referred to in this international standard. This value is 2 mK/W. The test cond
43、itions used in this standard are not intended to represent specific comfort situations, and performance specifications in relation to physiological comfort are not stated. PD CEN/TR 16422:2012CEN/TR 16422:2012 (E) 8 Principle The specimen to be tested is placed on an electrically-heated plate with c
44、onditioned air ducted to flow across and parallel to its upper surface as specified in this international standard. For the determination of thermal resistance, the heat flux through the test specimen is measured after steady-state conditions have been reached. The thermal resistance Rctof a materia
45、l is determined by subtracting the thermal resistance of the boundary air layer above the surface of the test apparatus from that of a test specimen plus boundary air layer, both measured under the same conditions. 4.2 Water vapour transmission (breathability) 4.2.1 General Several methods for testi
46、ng of the water vapour transmission through textile materials are in use. In the context of this Technical Report EN 31092 should be used, which specifies the measurement of water vapour resistance and water vapour permeability index. 4.2.2 EN 31092 (ISO 11092) Textiles Determination of physiologica
47、l effects Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test) Scope The application of this measurement technique is restricted to a maximum (thermal resistance and) water-vapour resistance which depends on the dimensions and construction
48、 of the apparatus used, for the minimum specifications of the equipment referred to in this International standard. This value is 700 mPa/W. Principle The specimen to be tested is placed on an electrically heated plate with conditioned air ducted to flow across and parallel to its upper surface as s
49、pecified in this international standard. For the determination of water-vapour resistance, an electrically heated porous plate is covered by a water-vapour permeable but liquid-water impermeable membrane. Water fed to the heated plate evaporates and passes through the membrane as vapour, so that no liquid water contacts the test specimen. With the test specimen placed on the membrane, the heat flux required to maintain a constant temperature at the plate is a measure of the rate of
