1、February 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 7No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 55.180.01!$L=A“1412630
2、www.din.deDDIN EN 15433-1Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads Part 1: General requirementsEnglish version of DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02Transportbelastungen Messen und Auswerten von mechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenEnglische Fassung
3、 DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02SupersedesDIN 30787-1:2002-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 10 pagesDIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 2 National foreword This document was originally prepared by the Normenausschuss Verpackungswesen (Packaging Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 115-01-04 AA Anforderungen und P
4、rfung, and published in Septem-ber 2002 as DIN 30787-1. Following Germanys request to CEN for a European standard on “Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads”, DIN 30787-1 was adopted by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France), edit
5、orially revised and then published as EN 15433-1. The responsible European and German bodies during this process were CEN/TC 261/SC 5/WG 14 “Test methods and test schedules” and NA 115-01-04 AA Anforderungen und Prfung. Amendments This standard differs from DIN 30787-1:2002-09 as follows: a) The Eur
6、opean standard (EN) has been adopted as a DIN EN standard. b) Normative references have been updated. c) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN 30787-1: 2002-09 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15433-1December 2007ICS 55.180.01English VersionTransportation
7、loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamicmechanical loads - Part 1: General requirementsCharges de transport - Mesurage et analyse des charges Transportbelastungen - Messen und Auswerten vonmechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by
8、 CEN on 28 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandard
9、s may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
10、 CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan
11、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
12、form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15433-1:2007: Emcaniques dynamiques - Partie 1: Exigences gnralesEN 15433-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Requirements 5 3.1 Fundamental requirements 5 3.2 Locati
13、on of measuring points 5 3.3 Source data 6 3.4 Care during data acquisition and documentation . 6 3.5 Measuring report. 6 3.6 Measurement on a transported item. 6 3.7 Data validity check 6 3.8 Data analysis . 6 3.9 Derivation of test specifications 7 3.10 Transportation monitoring with automatic rec
14、ording equipment 7 Bibliography . 8 DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15433-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
15、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN sha
16、ll not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
17、onia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 - :EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This sta
18、ndard was originally prepared by working group NAVp-1.4, Requirements and Testing, of the German Standardisation Institute (DIN). It is part of a complete normative concept to acquire and describe the loads acting on goods and influencing them during transport, handling and storage. This standard be
19、comes significant when related to the realisation of the European Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Directive 94/62 EC, 20 December 1994). This directive specifies requirements on the avoidance or reduction of packaging waste, and requires that the amount of packaging material is adjusted
20、to the expected transportation load, in order to protect the transportation item adequately. However, this presumes some knowledge of the transportation loads occurring during shipment. At present, basic standards, based on scientifically confirmed values, which can adequately describe and character
21、ize the magnitudes of transportation loads, especially in the domain of dynamic-mechanical loads, do not exist nationally or internationally. Reasons for this are mainly the absence of published data, insufficient description of the measurements, or restrictions on the dissemination of this informat
22、ion. This standard will enable the measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical transportation loads, thus enabling the achievement of standardized and adequately documented load values. This series of standards consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Data acquisiti
23、on and general requirements for measuring equipment Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation Part 4: Data evaluation Part 5: Derivation of test specifications Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports. This standard
24、describes the basics and principles to be applied when measuring and analysing transportation loads. DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies the general requirements to be observed during the measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical transportation loads,
25、should the results raise a claim of generalization and be incorporated in this series of standards as fundamental data. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
26、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15433-2, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment EN 15433-3, Transportation loads Measurement
27、 and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical data Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation EN 15433-4, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 4: Data evaluation EN 15433-5, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loa
28、ds Part 5: Derivation of test specifications EN 15433-6, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports 3 Requirements 3.1 Fundamental requirements Transportation l
29、oads shall be measured on the transportation means, and independently of the items to be transported. NOTE Transportation loads depend on technical equipment (e.g. transportation means, handling equipment and conveyers), handling (e.g. topple, throw-down operation and stowing), and environmental con
30、ditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, sunlight and air pollution), and can evoke stress on or inside the transported item, which can lead to damage. The type and intensity of the damage depend upon the nature of the goods (e.g. temperature and shock sensitivity) and their packing and therefore can as
31、 a rule, only be determined and assessed from isolated cases. To determine the transportation capability, more post-laboratory tests are performed, during which standardized transportation loads have to be simulated. 3.2 Location of measuring points To achieve compatibility between different transpo
32、rtation means, the location of the measuring points shall be the interface between the transportation means and the transported item, i.e., as a rule, on the cargo platform. If it can be assured that the transmissibility between load input and location of the measuring points is adequately known and
33、 the influence of the package on the measured values is not taken into consideration, then instead of the cargo platform a different location of the measuring point (e.g. inside the package) can be chosen for specific transport and handling proceedings. NOTE For the compatibility and generalisation
34、of transportation loads, it is necessary that these are determined independently of the properties of the cargo, although a dynamic mechanical reaction of the specific transported item onto the oscillatory and shock behaviour cannot be excluded. DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 6 3.3 Sourc
35、e data Dynamic mechanical loads appear as physical events and therefore shall be recorded as force-time or acceleration-time histories. These data are described as source data as long as they are recorded and stored, before any pre-processing or analysis (e.g. by spectral analysis). NOTE Parties oth
36、er than those that have performed the measurement should also be able to judge the confidence capability of the measurements and duplicate the analysis, if necessary with different methods. It is also advantageous to decouple the analyses from the measurements, because transportation for the purpose
37、 of measuring is more costly and difficult to repeat than arithmetical analyses. 3.4 Care during data acquisition and documentation Since other users rely on the confidence capability of the data, the measurements require accurate planning and execution and shall be performed according to EN 15433-2
38、 in order to generally describe the transportation loads for the purpose of introducing them into the standards. As transparency of the measurements to non-participating experts is necessary, extensive documentation of the measurements is required. Data shall be used in standards (e.g. standardized
39、load profiles) only when it is assured that the utmost care has been applied to acquire and document the data. NOTE Generally the determination of dynamic-mechanical loads is a demanding measurement task, which requires efficient measuring equipment and a correspondingly large amount of know-how fro
40、m the test manager. Many interferences and error possibilities can falsify the measuring results and therefore lead to incorrect interpretations. 3.5 Measuring report Measurements performed according to this standard shall make use of the measuring reports included in EN 15433-2. Situations other th
41、an the ones described in the measuring reports of EN 15433-2 shall be documented accordingly. 3.6 Measurement on a transported item Measurements on a transported item are only permissible in case of justifiable exceptions. NOTE Measurements performed directly on a transported item only contain the d
42、ynamic behaviour of the measuring chain from the transportation means to the transported item, and therefore do not necessarily reflect the behaviour of the transportation means. The measurements can only be used for standardisation purposes when the transmission characteristic is known and has been
43、 described. 3.7 Data validity check Measured values shall be checked according to EN 15433-3 for their validity, their capability to be generalized and their applicability. NOTE When measuring and analysing dynamic processes, unnoticed or difficult-to-recognize disturbances or erroneous measurements
44、 often occur, which lead to misinterpretations. A data validity check should therefore be performed prior to any data analyses, whereby the measured values should be related to the corresponding physical events, and their plausibility should be ensured. 3.8 Data analysis The analysis of the measured
45、 data shall be performed according to EN 15433-4. DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 7 3.9 Derivation of test specifications From those measurements performed and analysed in EN 15433-2, EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4, it is possible to derive corresponding test specifications. For this purpose,
46、EN 15433-5 shall be applied. 3.10 Transportation monitoring with automatic recording equipment Automatic recording equipment, which is usually mounted inside a packed item, shall be selected and applied according to EN 15433-6. NOTE Due to its limited measuring range, recording equipment is not suit
47、able for the continuous acquisition of acceleration-time signals over a lengthy period of time, and the recorded values therefore can only be used with exceptions for the derivation of test specifications according to EN 15433-5. Furthermore, the equipment is mainly used inside a package and not on
48、the cargo platform. However, it is suitable for recording event-dependent shocks (shock recording), whereby a certain shock load is used as a trigger signal. This makes it possible to survey lengthy transportations in order to detect the shock loads that occur in certain phases of a transport chain.
49、 When accordingly documented and judged by a technical body, these measured shock values can be used for standardized load assumptions. DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02 EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 8 Bibliography 1 DIN 1319-2 Basic concepts of measurement Concepts for the use of measuring equipment 2 ISO 5348 Mechanical vibration and shock - Mechanical mounting of accelerometers DIN EN 15433-1:2008-02
