1、June 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91
2、.100.15!$s)l“1800673www.din.deDDIN EN 16140Natural stone test methods Determination of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced bythermal cyclesEnglish translation of DIN EN 16140:2011-06Prfverfahren fr Naturwerkstein Bestimmung der Empfindlichkeit gegen nderungen des ueren Erscheinungsbildesdu
3、rch thermische ZyklenEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 16140:2011-06Mthodes dessai pour pierres naturelles Dtermination de la sensibilit aux changements daspect induits par des cyclesthermiquesTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 16140:2011-06www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall b
4、e considered authoritative.Document comprises pages05.1114DIN EN 16140:2011-06 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German bodies involved in its preparat
5、ion were the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee) and the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 062-03-11 GA Naturwerkstein; Anforderungen, Prfverfahren und Terminologie. 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME
6、 EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16140 March 2011 ICS 91.100.15 English Version Natural stone test methods - Determination of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles Mthodes dessai pour pierres naturelles - Dtermination de la sensibilit aux changements daspect induits par des cy
7、cles thermiques Prfverfahren fr Naturwerkstein - Bestimmung der Empfindlichkeit gegen nderungen des ueren Erscheinungsbildes durch thermische Zyklen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 February 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipula
8、te the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Sta
9、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the na
10、tional standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switz
11、erland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No.
12、EN 16140:2011: EEN 16140:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Symbols and abbreviations 54 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Preparation of specimens .56.1 Sampling .56.2 Test specimens 56.2.1 Surface finish .56.2.2 Dimensions .57 Test procedure .67.1 Control measurements b
13、efore cycling 67.2 Description of the cycles 67.3 Control measurements after cycling .68 Expression of results 69 Test report 7Annex A (informative) Examples of evaluation codes for oxidations 9Annex B (informative) Adapted thermal shock test 11Bibliography . 12DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E)
14、 3 Foreword This document (EN 16140:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the lates
15、t by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
16、l such patent rights. This draft standard is one of the series of draft standards for tests on natural stone. Test methods for natural stone consist of the following standards: EN 1925, Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity; EN 1926, Natural stone te
17、st methods Determination of uniaxial compressive strength; EN 1936, Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity; EN 12370, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation; EN 12371, Natural stone test me
18、thods Determination of frost resistance; EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load; EN 12407, Natural stone test methods Petrographic examination; EN 13161, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under constant moment; EN 1
19、3364, Natural stone test methods Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole; EN 13373, Natural stone test methods Determination of geometric characteristics on units; EN 13755, Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure; EN 13919, Natural stone test me
20、thods Determination of resistance to ageing by SO2 action in the presence of humidity; EN 14066, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock; EN 14146, Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental re
21、sonance frequency); EN 14147, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist; EN 14157, Natural stone test methods Determination of the abrasion resistance; EN 14158, Natural stone test methods Determination of rupture energy; DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 4 E
22、N 14205, Natural stone test methods Determination of Knoop hardness; EN 14231, Natural stone test methods Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester; EN 14579, Natural stone test methods Determination of sound speed propagation; EN 14580, Natural stone test methods Determin
23、ation of static elastic modulus; EN 14581, Natural stone test methods Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg
24、ium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 16140:
25、2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method to assess possible alterations of natural stones (mainly visible sensitivity to oxidation processes) under the effect of sudden changes in temperature (thermal shock). 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Symbols and a
26、bbreviations e Thickness of the test specimens, in mm 4 Principle The specimens are subjected to successive cycles, each formed by drying at (105 5) C followed by immediate immersion in water at (20 5) C. 5 Apparatus 5.1 A ventilated oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 5) C. 5.2 A cove
27、red tank with a flat base, comprising small non-oxidising and non-absorbent supports for the specimens. 5.3 A digital camera of 2.5 MPixels, or scanner, with a sufficient resolution. 5.4 A magnifying glass of at least five increases. 6 Preparation of specimens 6.1 Sampling The sampling is not the re
28、sponsibility of the test laboratory except where specially requested. At least seven specimens shall be selected from a homogeneous batch. One of these specimens is used as reference specimen and is not subjected to any tests. 6.2 Test specimens 6.2.1 Surface finish As a standard reference (identifi
29、cation test) surface finish of the faces of the specimens shall be sawn. In case of necessity as required for application (technological test), other surface finishes (e.g. honed, polished, flamed, sandblasted, splitting) may be tested. 6.2.2 Dimensions As a standard reference (identification test)
30、the test specimens shall be (200 200) mm 10 mm e. DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 6 In case of necessity as required for application (technological test), other dimensions may be used. In this case, test specimens may be final products or sawn from final products. 7 Test procedure 7.1 Control
31、 measurements before cycling The dried specimens are submitted to a thorough visual inspection, with the aid of a magnifying glass of at least five increases. All relevant features of its texture and also all visual and structural alterations of each specimen shall be noted, such as cracks, holes, s
32、welling, spots, oxidations, or presence of metallic minerals or other sensitive minerals (e.g. biotite, hornblendes, etc.). A photographic (or scanner) record of all specimens to be tested shall be made. 7.2 Description of the cycles As a standard reference (identification test) the specimens are su
33、bjected to changes of temperature according to the following procedure: (18 1) h in a ventilated oven at (105 5) C, immediately followed by (6 0,5) h of complete submersion in distilled or demineralised water, whose temperature before the immersion of the specimens is (20 5) C. Both in the oven and
34、in the water container, the specimens are placed in vertical position on the supports at a distance of at least 50 mm from one another and from the wall. In the water container, the specimens are placed on supports located at the bottom of the container which has been filled with water to such a hei
35、ght that its level above the specimens is (60 10) mm. The procedure described above constitutes one cycle. If the test is to be interrupted at anytime, other than for testing, then the specimens are to be immersed in water at (20 5) C. The test consists in a total of 20 cycles. 7.3 Control measureme
36、nts after cycling After the 20thcycle the specimens are visually inspected and compared general aspect or colour with the reference specimen. All alterations are noted. A photographic (or scanner) record shall be made, which includes both tested specimens and reference specimen placed next to one an
37、other. 8 Expression of results For each specimen: Describe the modifications observed visually or with the aid of a magnifying glass, by comparison with the reference specimen, such as: in general, changes in the colour of the stone or spots in their surface, and evaluation of the oxidations of meta
38、llic minerals and biotite; structural changes as swelling, cracking, microcracking or exfoliations. A photographic (or scanner) record shall be made, which includes all tested specimens before and after the test and reference specimen placed next to one another. The oxidations are evaluated accordin
39、g to Table 1. DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 7 Table 1 Evaluation codes for oxidations CODES T1 T2 T3Description of the alterations No oxidations Only changes in colour of the metallic minerals for loss of sheen Oxidation, only around minerals, without discolouration spreading aOxidation wit
40、h discolouration spreading aOccasionally small spots of oxide of punctual character may appear, which are related with the presence of metallic particles from the cutting process. Further details are listed/shown Annex A. 9 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) uniq
41、ue identification number of this report; b) the number, title and date of issue of this European Standard (i.e. EN 16140:2011); c) the name and address of the test laboratory and the address where the test was carried out if it is different from the test laboratory; d) the name and address of the cl
42、ient; e) it is the responsibility of the client to give the following information: 1) the petrographic name of the stone; 2) the commercial name of the stone; 3) the country, region and geo-coordinates of extraction; 4) the name of the supplier; 5) the direction of any existing plane of anisotropy (
43、if relevant to the test) to be clearly indicated on the sample or on each specimen by means of two parallel lines; 6) the name of the person or organisation which carried out the sampling; 7) the surface finish of the specimens (if relevant to the test); f) the date of delivery of the sample or of t
44、he specimens; g) the date when the specimens were prepared (if relevant) and the date of testing; h) the number of specimens in the sample; i) the dimensions of the specimens; j) any observed alteration for each specimen, according to Clause 8; DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 8 k) the evaluat
45、ion CODE, according to Table 1; l) a photographic ( or scanner) record shall be made, which includes both tested specimens and reference specimen placed next to one another, only if any alterations are produced during the cycles only if they take place during the test, some of the alterations descri
46、bed in Clause 8; m) any deviations from the standard and their justification; n) remarks. The test report shall contain the signature(s) and role(s) of the responsible(s) for the testing and the date of issue of the report. It shall also state that the report shall not be partially reproduced withou
47、t the written consent of the test laboratory. DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 9 Annex A (informative) Examples of evaluation codes for oxidations This informative annex gives some schematic examples for classification according to the evaluation codes for oxidations, when metallic minerals, o
48、r biotites are present (see Figures A.1 to A.4). Key micas metallic minerals Figure A.1 Reference sample with metallic minerals or biotities Key micas metallic minerals Figure A.2 Change in colour for loss of sheen DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 10 Key micas metallic minerals Figure A.3 CODE
49、 T2 - Oxidation only around minerals without runs of oxidations Key micas metallic minerals Figure A.4 CODE T3 - Aspect changes of inclusion with runs of oxidations DIN EN 16140:2011-06 EN 16140:2011 (E) 11 Annex B (informative) Adapted thermal shock test For stones with finely dispersed, non visible iron bearing minerals, like some white marbles, an adapted thermal shock test is propo
