1、Designation: F2571 09Standard Test Methods forEvaluating Design and Performance Characteristics ofFitness Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of these tests are to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitnessequipment. The
3、 equipment users must recognize, however, that conformance to a standard will notnecessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipmentinvolves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is not maintained or used properly.1. Scope1.1 These test meth
4、ods specify procedures and apparatusused for testing and evaluating fitness equipment for compli-ance to Specification F2276. Both design and operationalparameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable,accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will beused and referenced.1.2 It is
5、 the intent of this standard to specify test methods forfitness products for use by individuals age 13 and above.1.3 RequirementsFitness Equipment is to be tested for allof the following parameters:1.3.1 Stability.1.3.2 Edge and Corner Sharpness.1.3.3 Tube Ends and Holes.1.3.4 Function of Adjustment
6、s and Locking Mechanisms.1.3.5 Handgrip Design and Retention.1.3.6 Foot Supports.1.3.7 Load Development and Transmitting Systems.1.3.8 Chain and Gear Drive Design.1.3.9 Entrapment Zones and Guarding.1.3.10 Loading:1.3.10.1 Intrinsic Loading.1.3.10.2 Extrinsic Loading.1.3.10.3 Handlebar Loading.1.3.1
7、0.4 Endurance Loading.(1) Seat frame endurance loading.1.3.11 Switch and switch actuation mechanism endurance.1.3.12 Electrical Guarding.1.3.13 Maximum Surface Temperature.1.3.14 Documentation and Warnings Verification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values i
8、n parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
9、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and FitnessFacility Safety Signage and LabelsF2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment2.2 European Standards:3EN 957-1 Stationary Training Equipment - Part 1: GeneralSafety Requirements and T
10、est Methods2.3 UL Standards:4UL 1439 Standard for Safety Test for Sharpness of Edges onEquipmentUL 1647 Motor-Operated Massage and Exercise MachinesUL 60335 Standard for Safety of Household and SimilarElectrical Appliances2.4 ANSI Standards:5ANSI B29.1 Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains,1The
11、se test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. DOI:10.1520/F2571-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
12、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue deStassart, B-1050, Brussels, B
13、elgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
14、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Attachments and Sprockets3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 user means, nportion of the fitness equipment thatthe user operates to perform the desired function of themachine. Examples include
15、handles, lifting arms and rollers.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of these tests are to provide valid andrepeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness equipmentassembled and maintained according to the manufacturersspecifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction withSpecification
16、F2276 is intended to maximize the reliability offitness equipment design and reduce the risk of serious injuryresulting from design deficiencies.5. Certification5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recom-mended that each manufacturer employ an independent labo-ratory to evaluate a
17、nd validate that their designs and testprocedures conform and comply to these test methods andSpecification F2276.6. Sample Preparation6.1 Assemble and adjust the fitness equipment according tothe manufacturers instructions. On machines that are fullyassembled, verify according to the manufacturers
18、instructionsthat all components are functioning and that they have beenadjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, themachine must pass the tests without adjustment from this initialcondition.6.2 The individual test methods will describe any variationsor modifications that are allowed or
19、 are required to the testsample.7. Test Methods and Procedures7.1 Stability:7.1.1 Fitness equipment that is designed for the user tomaintain balance as part of its function is not required to meetthe stability test (that is, a balance board is not tested forstability).7.1.2 Fitness equipment shall b
20、e tested with and without thesimulated user load in the orientation that is most obviouslyunstable.7.1.3 Apparatus and Set-UpRefer to Fig. 1. Place sampleon a non-skid surface inclined at 10 in the orientation that isleast stable. The sample shall rest on the supporting surfacewithout anchoring unle
21、ss the installation instructions for themachine require that the sample be anchored to the floor. If thisis the case, then anchor the specimen per the manufacturersrecommendations. Determine how the user is placed on themachine to perform the exercise (that is, seated, standing, orprone) and then de
22、termine how the users body weight isdistributed onto the user support surfaces. For the simulateduse test, a method of applying a steady state load equal to themaximum specified users weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whicheveris greater, simulating the users weight and its distribution inthe vertical dire
23、ction at the point(s) of user contact must beFIG. 1 Tilt Test Illustation Represents Testing the Verticle Knee Raise Station of this DeviceF2571 092provided. As an example, for a seated user, the user supportsurface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if adjust-able) and the center of gravi
24、ty of the load shall be positionedapproximatly 300 mm (12 in.) above the user support surface.Possible methods of providing this load include but are notlimited to dead weights.7.1.4 CalibrationUsing an angle measuring instrumentaccurate to within 0.1, verify the non skid surface is 10 60.5. Calibra
25、te the load measurement apparatus to confirmaccuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) at the specified load of themaximum specified user weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whicheveris greater.7.1.5 ProcedureTest the sample as follows:7.1.5.1 If the equipment has a storage position that isdifferent than the use posi
26、tion, place or adjust the machine intothat position. With the tilt surface inclined to 10 verify that thesample does not tip over.7.1.5.2 Reposition the sample into the use position. With thesample machine no user load applied positioned on the tiltsurface verify that the sample does not tip over wi
27、th the tiltsurface inclined to 10.7.1.5.3 Using an appropriate load apparatus such as deadweights, distribute a vertical load equal to the maximumspecified user weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whichever is greater(65 %), in a non-impact manner to the specimen where theuser contacts the machine during nor
28、mal operation. If only aportion of the users body is supported by the machine duringoperation, the simulated user weight shall be decreased by theappropriate amount. Raise and support any adjustable devicesor other user means to simulate the furthest point in the rangeof travel so that its orientati
29、on would cause the least stablecondition as encountered during normal operation as shown inFig. 1. Verify that the sample does not tip over.7.1.5.4 Repeat 7.1.5.1-7.1.5.3 with the sample oriented inany other directions of potential instability.7.1.6 Pass/Fail CriteriaIn none of the above test condi-
30、tions shall the sample tip over.7.1.7 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of the test for measuringstability since the test result is non-quantitative.7.2 Edge Sharpness:7.2.1 The purpose of this test is to verify that there are noedges in the accessible a
31、rea that would constitute a risk ofinjury. Where there is uncertainty, a sharp-edge tester asspecified by UL 1439 is to be employed.7.2.2 Apparatus and Set-UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 6.1.7.2.3 CalibrationCalibrate sharp-edge tester perUL 1439.7.2.4 ProcedureExamine the accessible ar
32、eas by visualand tactile means to ensure all parts are burr-free, rounded orotherwise insufficiently sharp to constitute a risk of injury.Wherever there may be uncertainty as to the sharpness of anedge, use the edge tester and conduct the test per UL 1439.7.2.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaUse the pass fail cr
33、iteria ofUL 1439 to determine if the sample passes this test.7.2.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating sharpedges since the test result is non-quantitative.7.3 Corner Sharpness:7.3.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample
34、 to insurethat all corners in the accessible areas are radiused or cham-fered.7.3.2 Apparatus and Set-UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 6.1.7.3.3 CalibrationNo calibration required. Visual inspec-tion only.7.3.4 ProcedureInspect all corners to verify that thecorners have been radiused or c
35、hamfered.7.3.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaAll corners in the accessible areashall be radiused or chamfered.7.3.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of the test for evaluatingcorners since the test result is non-quantitative.7.4 Tube Ends and Non-Functional Holes:7
36、.4.1 This test is a visual inspection of the unit to insure thatall tube ends and non-functional holes in the accessible area areclosed off. Holes smaller than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) are excluded.Seat or other adjustment holes are exempt from this test.7.4.2 Apparatus and Set-UpThe sample shall be set up
37、 asdescribed in 6.1.7.4.3 CalibrationNo calibration required. Visual inspec-tion only.7.4.4 ProcedureInspect all tube ends and surfaces in theaccessible area to verify that the ends and non-functional holesare closed off by other components, caps, plugs, or covers.7.4.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaAll tube en
38、ds in the accessiblearea shall be closed off or the EN 957-1 test probe shall not beable to be inserted.7.4.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating tubeend closure since the test result is non-quantitative.7.5 Adjustment and Lockin
39、g Mechanism Function:7.5.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of theadjustment or locking mechanisms, or both, used throughoutthe sample. The purpose is to insure that the design preventsinadvertent disengagement, and that the adjustment or lockingmeans do not interfere with the users ope
40、ration of themachine.7.5.2 Apparatus and Set-UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 6.1. Obtain instructions or a descriptive explana-tion of the function of the adjustment or locking systems usedon the sample from the manufacturer.7.5.3 CalibrationNo calibration required. Visual andfunction in
41、spection only.7.5.4 Procedure:7.5.4.1 Inspect each adjustment or locking point on thesample machine and ensure that it positively locks into positionand that it cannot be disengaged unless the retention system isintentionally deactivated. Examples of positive retention de-vices include, but are not
42、limited to spring activated pins,clamps or eccentric assemblies. Verify that each adjustmentand locking mechanism has a functioning positive retentiondevice.F2571 0937.5.4.2 Perform the exercise as described in the operationinstructions and note the users body position relative to theadjustment or l
43、ocking means. At no point during the usersrange of movement shall the adjustment or locking meansinterfere or limit the movement of the users body. During thisobservation consider the effects of users of different size orbody make up.7.5.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaRetention or locking mechanismsthat do not
44、 function according to the instructions provided bythe manufacturer shall fail the test. Retention or lockingmechanisms that interfere, or limit the movement of the userduring normal operation of the machine shall fail the test.7.5.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the prec
45、ision or bias of the test for evaluatingadjustment/locking system design and function since the testresult is non-quantitative.7.6 Handgrip Design and Retention:7.6.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of thehandgrips used on the sample. The purpose is to insure that thehandgrip design ma
46、intains the users grip, remains in positionand, in the case of rotating handgrips, is retained againstunintended movement during use of the machine.7.6.2 Apparatus and Set-UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 6.1. To facilitate this test a separate handgrip/lifting mechanism replicating the s
47、ystem used on the machinecan be set up on a separate test stand. A method of applying asteady state force equal to 90 N (20.2 lb) along the longitudinaldirection of the grip shall be used. A method of applyingmoisture to the grip, such as a spray bottle, shall be provided.7.6.3 CalibrationCalibrate
48、the load measurement appara-tus to confirm accuracy to within 61 N (0.2 lb) at 90 N (20.2lb). Verify that the resolution of the measuring device is 1 mm(0.04 in.).7.6.4 Procedure:7.6.4.1 Inspect the sample machine and determine if integralhandgrip locations are marked on the machine and that theymai
49、ntain the grip position when dry. Spray the grip surfacewith water. Allow the water to remain on the surface andabsorb for 5 min. Reconfirm that the grip surface maintains theusers relative grip position by grasping the surface andattempting to slide your hand along the surface. An applicationof increasing force should be noted before your hand moves.7.6.4.2 Inspect each non integral handgrip on the samplemachine and ensure that it is constructed from a slip resistantmaterial and, if the handgrip is designed to rotate, t
