1、May 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 16No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 25
2、.160.40!%$*x“2010785www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 17636-1Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:2013);English version EN ISO 17636-1:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen D
3、urchstrahlungsprfung Teil 1: Rntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit Filmen (ISO 17636-1:2013);Englische Fassung EN ISO 17636-1:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds Contrle par radiographie Partie 1: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma la
4、ide de film (ISO 17636-1:2013);Version anglaise EN ISO 17636-1:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05Together with supersedesDIN EN 1435:2002-09 andDIN EN 1435 Corrigendum 1:2004-05www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document c
5、omprises 38 pages04.13DIN EN ISO 17636-2:2013-05,DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 17636-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in collaboration with Technical Committ
6、ee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-08-22 AA Durchstrahlungsprfung und Strahlenschutz. The DIN Standards corresponding to the Inte
7、rnational Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5580 DIN EN 25580 ISO 9712 DIN EN ISO 9712 ISO 11699-1 DIN EN ISO 11699-1 ISO 11699-2 DIN EN ISO 11699-2 ISO 16371-1 DIN EN14784-1 ISO 19232-1 DIN EN ISO 19232-1 ISO 19232-2 DIN EN ISO 19232-2 ISO 19232-4 DIN EN ISO 19232-4 Amendme
8、nts This standard differs from DIN EN 1435:2002-09 and DIN EN 1435 Corrigendum 1:2004-05 as follows: a) normative references have been updated; b) the document has been divided into two parts, this part applies to radiographic testing with films; c) X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV have been included; d
9、) the standard has been editorially revised. e) ISO Standards have been adopted as European Standards. Previous editions DIN 1914: 1935-08 DIN 54111: 1954x-08 DIN 54111-1: 1973-11, 1977-03, 1988-05 DIN EN 1435: 1997-10, 2002-09 DIN EN 1435 Corrigendum 1: 2004-05 DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 3 National
10、 Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 25580, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements DIN EN 14784-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates Part 1: Classification of systems DIN EN ISO 9712, Non-des
11、tructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel DIN EN ISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography DIN EN ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2: Control of f
12、ilm proc-essing by means of reference values DIN EN ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) Determination of image quality value DIN EN ISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Image quality indic
13、ators (step/hole type) Determination of image quality value DIN EN ISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 4: Experimental evalu-ation of image quality values and image quality tables DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME
14、 EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17636-1 January 2013 ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 1435:1997English Version Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:2013) Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds - Contrle par radiograph
15、ie - Partie 1: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma laide de film (ISO 17636-1:2013) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprfung - Teil 1: Rntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit Filmen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2012. CEN members are bound to co
16、mply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENEL
17、EC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
18、same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembou
19、rg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All
20、 rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17636-1:2013: E(ISO 17636-1:2013) Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references. 5 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7 5 Classi
21、fication of radiographic techniques. 7 6 General preparations and requirements 8 6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation . 8 6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture 8 6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph 8 6.4 Identification of radiographs . 8 6.5 Marking 8 6.6 Overlap of films 8 6.
22、7 Types and positions of image quality indicators 8 6.8 Evaluation of image quality . 9 6.9 Minimum image quality values . 9 6.10 Personnel qualification 10 7 Recommended techniques for making radiographs 10 7.1 Test arrangements . 10 7.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source 16 7.3 Film syste
23、ms and metal screens 17 7.4 Alignment of beam . 19 7.5 Reduction of scattered radiation 19 7.6 Source-to-object distance . 19 7.7 Maximum area for a single exposure . 22 7.8 Density of radiograph 22 7.9 Processing 22 7.10 Film viewing conditions 23 8 Test report . 23 Annex A (normative) Recommended
24、number of exposures which give an acceptable examination of a circumferential butt weld . 25 Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values . 30 Bibliography 34 2DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 EN ISO 17636-1:2013 (E) Foreword This document (EN ISO 17636-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee
25、 CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 Welding and allied processes . This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Ju
26、ly 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig
27、hts. This document supersedes EN 1435:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former
28、 Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. “” 3DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 EN ISO 17636
29、-1:2013 (E) Introduction This International Standard specifies fundamental techniques of radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject, inspectio
30、n of fusion welded joints with industrial radiographic films. 4DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 EN ISO 17636-1:2013 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 17636 specifies techniques of radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials using industrial radiographic film techniques. This part of
31、ISO 17636 applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe” as used in this International Standard covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, and pressure vessels. NOTE This part of ISO 17636 complies with ISO 5579.1This part of ISO 1763
32、6 does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the radiographs. If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly lower than when this part of ISO 17636 is strictly applied. 2 Normative references The following refer
33、enced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray rad
34、iology Vocabulary ISO 5580, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel ISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems fo
35、r industrial radiography ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) Determination of image quality va
36、lue ISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type) Determination of image quality value ISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tab
37、les EN 12543 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing EN 12679, Non-destructive testing Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources Radiographic method 5DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 EN ISO 17636-
38、1:2013 (E) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5576 and the following apply. 3.1 nominal thickness t nominal thickness of the parent material only where manufacturing tolerances do not have to be taken into account 3.2 penetration thickne
39、ss change t change of penetrated thickness relative to the nominal thickness due to beam angle 3.3 penetrated thickness w thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calculated on the basis of the nominal thicknesses of all penetrated walls 3.4 object-to-film distance b distance bet
40、ween the radiation side of the radiographed part of the test object and the film surface measured along the central axis of the radiation beam 3.5 source size d size of the radiation source or focal spot size NOTE See EN 12679 or EN 12543. 3.6 source-to-film distance SFD SDD distance between the sou
41、rce of radiation and the film measured in the direction of the beam NOTE SFD = f + b where f source-to-object distance b object-to-film distance 3.7 source-to-object distance f distance between the source of radiation and the source side of the test object measured along the central axis of the radi
42、ation beam 6DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 EN ISO 17636-1:2013 (E) 3.8 external diameter Denominal external diameter of the pipe 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols and terms Symbol Term b object-to-film distance b object
43、-to-film distance perpendicular to test object Deexternal diameter d source size f source-to-object distance f source-to-object distance perpendicular to test object fminminimum source-to-object distance t nominal thickness t penetration thickness change w penetrated thickness F film IQI image quali
44、ty indicator S radiation sourceSFD SDD source-to-film distance 5 Classification of radiographic techniques The radiographic techniques are divided into two classes: Class A: basic techniques; Class B: improved techniques. Class B techniques are used when class A might be insufficiently sensitive. Be
45、tter techniques compared to class B are possible and may be agreed between the contracting parties by specification of all appropriate test parameters. The choice of radiographic technique shall be agreed between the contracting parties. If, for technical or industrial reasons, it is not possible to
46、 meet one of the conditions specified for class B, such as the type of radiation source or the source-to-object distance, f, it may be agreed by contracting parties that the condition selected may be that specified for class A. The loss of sensitivity shall be compensated by an increase of minimum d
47、ensity to 3,0 or by selection of a better film system class with a minimum density of 2,6. The other conditions for class B remain unchanged, especially the image quality achieved (see Tables B.1 to 7DIN EN ISO 17636-1:2013-05 EN ISO 17636-1:2013 (E) B.12). Because of the better sensitivity compared
48、 to class A, the test specimen may be regarded as being examined to class B. This does not apply if the special SFD reductions as described in 7.6 for test arrangements 7.1.4 and 7.1.5 are used. 6 General preparations and requirements 6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation WARNING Exposure of any
49、 part of the human body to X-rays or gamma-rays can be highly injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are in use, appropriate legal requirements shall be applied. Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionizing radiation shall be strictly applied. 6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture In general, surface preparation is not necessary, but where surface imperfections or coatings can cause diffi
