1、September 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 21No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
2、ICS 65.120!$V“1915156www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 6498Animal feeding stuffs Guidelines for sample preparation (ISO 6498:2012);English version EN ISO 6498:2012,English translation of DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09Futtermittel Leitfaden fr die Probenvorbereitung (ISO 6498:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 6498:2012,En
3、glische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09Aliments des animaux Lignes directrices pour la prparation des chantillons (ISO 6498:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 6498:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 51 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language origin
4、al shall be considered authoritative.08.12 DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 327 “Animal feeding stuffs Methods of sampling and analysis” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands) in collaboration wi
5、th Technical Committee ISO/TC 34 “Food products”. Based on the results of parallel voting, ISO 6498:2012 has been adopted as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Lebensmittel und landwirtschaftliche Produkte (Food and Agricultural Produ
6、cts Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 057-03-03 AA Futtermittel. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows whereby EN ISO Standards are only listed below if these have not been published as DIN EN ISO Standards with the same n
7、umber: ISO 664 DIN EN ISO 664 ISO 6497 DIN EN ISO 6497 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 664, Oilseeds Reduction of laboratory sample to test sample DIN EN ISO 6497, Animal feeding stuffs Sampling EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 6498 June 2012 ICS 65.12
8、0 English Version Animal feeding stuffs - Guidelines for sample preparation (ISO 6498:2012) Aliments des animaux - Lignes directrices pour la prparation des chantillons (ISO 6498:2012) Futtermittel - Leitfaden fr die Probenvorbereitung (ISO 6498:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31
9、 May 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be ob
10、tained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
11、CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembour
12、g, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All
13、rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 6498:2012: EContents PageForeword .1 Scope 2 Terms and definitions .2.1 Definitions concerning “sample” 2.2 Definitions concerning “parameters” 2.3 Examples of animal feeding stuffs chara
14、cteristics 2.4 Definitions concerning “sample preparation procedure” 3 Principle .4 Consideration of sample preparation errors .4.1 Subsampling and other errors .4.2 Minimum mass .4.3 Errors associated with division techniques .5 Safety precautions 136 Apparatus 137 Procedure 157.1 General .157.2 Sa
15、mple check .157.3 Mass reduction .177.4 Particle size reduction .7.5 Partial drying 237.6 Coarse grinding .257.7 Special sample preparation procedures .257.8 Storage .258 Performance tests (quality control) 258.1 General .258.2 Performance test for mass reduction (division) .268.3 Performance test f
16、or particle size reduction (grinding) 278.4 Performance test for mixing .289 Categories of feeds Special remarks and flow charts .289.1 General .289.2 Birdseed .299.3 Whole cottonseed .9.4 Mineral mix 9.5 Dry feeds 9.6 Forages including silage, hay, haylage, TMR and byproducts .339.7 Oilseeds and hi
17、gh-fat feeds 359.8 Large block and molasses block feeds .369.9 Liquid feeds 389.10 Canned pet food 389.11 Semi-moist pet food and dog chews399.12 Premixtures .9.13 Range and alfalfa hay pellets .9.14 Texturized and sticky feed 9.15 Aquatic feeds 43Annex A (informative) Calculations, examples and tab
18、les for minimum mass .45Bibliography .492EN ISO 6498:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09 344456891010111220303232404142Foreword This document (EN ISO 6498:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 327 “Animal feeding stuffs - Methods of sampling and analysis“, the secretariat of which is he
19、ld by NEN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 34 “Food products“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
20、 at the latest by December 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, th
21、e national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether
22、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. 3EN ISO 6498:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies guidelines for the preparation of test samples from laboratory samples of animal feeding
23、 stuffs, including pet foods.NOTE 1 The guidelines mostly derive from those developed by AAFCO (see Reference 7).The guidelines are overruled by special instructions and regulations for sample preparation demanded by specific analysis methods.NOTE 2 Such analysis methods are developed by ISO and CEN
24、.NOTE 3 This International Standard does not include special guidelines for sample preparation for microbiological analysis of microorganisms like yeasts, bacteria and moulds. Nonetheless, for microorganisms which are used as feed additives (probiotics), some important aspects of sample preparation
25、are addressed.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1 Definitions concerning “sample”2.1.1lotquantity of material that is assumed to be of the same production process and represented by specified sampling rulesNOTE For the purposes of t
26、his International Standard, the rules are those of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 152/2009.32.1.2laboratory samplesample as prepared (from the lot) for sending to the laboratory and intended for inspection or testing2.1.3test samplesubsample or sample prepared from the laboratory sample and from whi
27、ch test portions will be taken2.1.4test portionquantity of material drawn from the test sample (or from the laboratory sample if both are the same)2.1.5reserve samplematerial left over from the laboratory sample when divided or subsampled test samples have been taken and on which no further particle
28、 size reduction is doneNOTE If, for example, mycotoxin or genetically modified organism analyses are done on the whole laboratory sample, then the reserve sample is also reduced to the corresponding particle sizes. The reserve sample should be stored under conditions maintaining integrity.4EN ISO 64
29、98:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09 2.2 Definitions concerning “parameters”2.2.1parameteranalyte or constituent or microorganism for which the feeding stuff is to be analysed by microscopic, microbiological, biological or chemical procedures2.2.1.1stable parameteranalyte or constituent or microorgan
30、ism which does not degrade during sample preparation on common handling or storage at room temperatures of 20 C to 25 C2.2.1.2unstable parameteranalyte or constituent or microorganism which degrades during sample preparation on common handling or storage at room temperatures of 20 C to 25 C because
31、they are volatile, degradable, or sensitive to temperature, light, enzymatic degradation or chemical oxidationNOTE Stability of parameters in this context refers only to the influence of sample preparation, such as intensive grinding, and not to a minimum shelf-life specified by producers or on the
32、label, e.g. for a feed (additive).Table 1 Classification (in general) of stable or unstable parameters and reasons for degradation with a view to sample preparationOrigin Stable parameters Unstable parametersReason(s) for degradation/changeNutrients(Crude) protein, fat, ash, fibre Moisture Temperatu
33、re (volatile)Starch, sugar, lactose Ammonia Temperature (volatile)Gas production and enzyme-soluble organic substance production in in vitro testsOrganic acids (e.g. lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, formic acid)Temperature (volatile)Minerals (e.g. Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl)Unsaturate
34、d fatty acids Air oxidation (can result in production of short-chain fatty acids)Feed additivesTrace elements (e.g. Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Se, Co)Vitamins (e.g. vitamin A, C, D, E)Temperature, ultraviolet (UV) light, air oxidation (sensitive)Amino acids (e.g. lysine, methionine, tryptophan)1,2-Propanediol,
35、 ethylene glycolTemperature (volatile)Enzymes (e.g. phytases, non-starch polysaccharide enyzmes)Microorganisms like probiotics (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enterococcus faecium)Temperature (freezing), pressure (sensitive to grinding); moisture/dryness (influences growth of microorganisms)Undesira
36、ble substancesHeavy metals (e.g. As, Pb, Cd, Hg)Mycotoxins (e.g. aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone, ergot alkaloids)Mould growth and change of mycotoxins possible at room temperature; UV light (sensitive aflatoxin B1)Dioxins and polychlorinate
37、d biphenyls (PCBs) with similar effects to dioxinsDrugs, antibiotics, pesticides Temperature (sensitive)Hydrocyanic acid Temperature (volatile)Banned substancesProteins of animal originBanned drugs, banned antibioticsTemperature (sensitive)(Other) MicroorganismsYeasts, bacteria, mouldsTemperature (s
38、ensitive), dryness, influx of oxygen (anaerobiosis)5EN ISO 6498:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09 2.3 Examples of animal feeding stuffs characteristicsSome examples of animal feeding stuffs characteristics are given here to assist with the identification and grouping of a laboratory sample based on t
39、he terms and annexes used in these guidelines.NOTE Definitions of animal feeding stuffs are given in legislation worldwide. Sample definitions from European directives and, for straight feeds, in an alphabetical list from a German committee are given in References 4568.2.3.1birdseedseeds that are in
40、tended to feed birdsEXAMPLES Grains and oilseeds.2.3.2whole cottonseedunprocessed cottonseed product, including the hulls, lint, and meat2.3.3mineral mixsupplementary feed that mainly consists of mineral ingredients in either granular, bead or small pellet form and which is free flowing as an entire
41、 mixNOTE Mineral pellets are an agglomerated mineral mix formed by a mechanical process (in general).2.3.4dry feedsfeed ingredient or complete animal feed which typically contains a moisture mass fraction of not more than 15 %NOTE Dry feed pellets are an agglomerated dry feed produced by a mechanica
42、l process (in general).2.3.5green fodderedible parts of plants, other than separated grain, that can provide feed for grazing animals or that can be harvested for feeding, including browse, herbage, and mastNOTE Generally, the term refers to more digestible material in contrast to less-digestible pl
43、ant material, known as roughage.2.3.6silageforage preserved in a succulent condition by organic acids produced by anaerobic fermentation of sugars in the forage2.3.7roughagefibrous, coarsely textured parts of plantsEXAMPLES Stovers, straws, hulls, cobs, and stalks.2.3.8hayaerial portion of grass esp
44、ecially cut and dried for animal feeding2.3.9haylageforage preserved in a succulent condition by organic acids produced by anaerobic fermentation of sugars in the forage with a moisture mass fraction of about 45 %6EN ISO 6498:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 6498:2012-09 2.3.10total mixed rationTMRsingle mixture
45、 of all feed ingredients (forages, grains, and supplements) that is supplied to an animal for a 24 h periodNOTE In practice, the 24 h allotment of the mixture may be offered in one or more feedings.2.3.11byproductproduct which remains after processes for the production of ingredients from plant mate
46、rialEXAMPLE Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGSs) from fermentation.2.3.12oilseedany seed from which oil is extractedEXAMPLE Sunflower seeds.2.3.13large block feedmolasses block feedagglomerated feed compressed into a solid mass that is cohesive enough to hold its formNOTE Large block feed w
47、eighs over 1 kg, generally about 20 kg. It may be marketed as a mineral block or a “caramelized” molasses drum, containing various minerals and nutrients. Samples may be received by the laboratory as large chunks, cores or “sticky clumps”.2.3.14liquid feedfeed product not solid and not aeriformNOTE
48、A liquid feed contains sufficient moisture to flow readily and may contain molasses.2.3.15canned pet foodfeed product for pets which has been processed, packaged, sealed and sterilized for preservation in cans or similar containers2.3.16semi-moist feedmeat-based feed product for pets or aquatic animals that has been partially dried to prevent microbial decompositionNOTE The moisture mass fraction may range from 15 % to 40 %. The product is generally in the form of strips or cubes and is designed to be stored at room temper
