1、June 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 21No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180; 35.180!$WwJ“15284
2、39www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 9241-306Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays(ISO 9241-306:2008)English version of DIN EN ISO 9241-306:2009-06Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion Teil 306: Vor-Ort-Bewertungsverfahren fr elektronische opti
3、sche Anzeigen(ISO 9241-306:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 9241-306:2009-06www.beuth.deDocument comprises 52 pagesDIN EN ISO 9241-306:2009-06 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics”, Subcommittee SC 4 “Ergonomics of human-system interactio
4、n”, Working Group WG 2 “Visual display requirements” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Working Group NA 023-00-04-0
5、2 AK Visuelle Anforderungen an Bildschirme. ISO 9241 was originally developed as a seventeen-part International Standard on the ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals. As part of the standards review process, a major restructuring of ISO 9241 was agreed to broaden its
6、scope, to incorporate other relevant standards and to make it more usable. The general title of the revised ISO 9241, “Ergonomics of human-system interaction”, reflects these changes and aligns the standard with the overall title and scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Subcommittee SC 4. The re
7、vised multipart standard is structured as series of standards numbered in the “hundreds”: the 100 series deals with software interfaces, the 200 series with human centred design, the 300 series with visual displays, the 400 series with physical input devices, and so on. In addition to the legal unit
8、s of measurement, this standard also uses the unit “inch”. It is important to note that according to the Gesetz ber Einheiten im Messwesen (German Law on units in metrology), the use of the unit “inch” is not permitted in official or business communications within Germany. See National Annex NA for
9、an overview of the entire ISO 9241 series. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in the EN are as follows: ISO 9241-300 DIN EN ISO 9241-300 ISO 9241-302 DIN EN ISO 9241-302 ISO 9241-303 DIN EN ISO 9241-303 ISO 9241-305 DIN EN ISO 9241-305 ISO 9241-307 DIN EN ISO
10、9241-307 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9241-300, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements DIN EN ISO 9241-302, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays DIN EN I
11、SO 9241-303, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-304, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-305, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Par
12、t 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-306, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays DIN EN ISO 9241-307, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 307: Analysis and compliance test metho
13、ds for electronic visual displays EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9241-306November 2008ICS 13.180; 35.180English VersionErgonomics of human-system interaction - Part 306: Field306:2008)Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 306:Mthodes dapprciation sur le terrain des c
14、rans devisualisation lectroniques (ISO 9241-306:2008)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 306: Vor-Ort-Bewertungsverfahren fr elektronische optischeAnzeigen (ISO 9241-306:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 April 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC I
15、nternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN me
16、mber.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members
17、 are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switz
18、erland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN I
19、SO 9241-306:2008: Eassessment methods for electronic visual displays (ISO 9241-Contents Page 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Annex D (informative) Display output linearization and evaluation of achromatic ISO/IEC test EN ISO 9241-306:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 92
20、41-306:2009-06 2Scope . 6 Normative references . 6 Terms and definitions. 6 Preparation for assessment 6 Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays 6 Liquid crystal displays (LCD) 7 Assessment methods. 8 Viewing conditions . 8 Legibility and readability 16 Legibility of information coding 18 Legibility of grap
21、hics 19 Fidelity . 20 Other considerations 21 Adjustability 21 Isotropic surface. 21 Viewing angle range . 21 Anisotropic surfaces 21 Controllability 22 Luminous environment 22 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series. 23 Annex B (informative) Influences on ergonomics parameters of visu
22、al displays. 27 Annex C (informative) Unwanted reflections. 30 chart output for eight different ambient light reflections at office work places. 33 Bibliography . 50 Luminance . 10 Visual artefacts . 13 Special physical environments . 12 Introduction 4 Foreword. 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 9241
23、-306:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text
24、or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for id
25、entifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, G
26、reece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-306:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-306:2008 wi
27、thout any modification. EN ISO 9241-306:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 9241-306:2009-06 3Introduction This part of ISO 9241 is one of a group of standards in the ISO 9241 series that establish requirements for the ergonomic design of electronic visual displays. At the same time, this “300” subseries replaces e
28、ither partially or fully certain previously published parts of ISO 9241 as well as several other International Standards (see the Forewords of the respective parts for the details). An introduction to the subseries is given by ISO 9241-300. Terms and definitions related to electronic visual displays
29、 have been transferred to, and collected in, ISO 9241-302. While the areas previously covered in ISO 9241 and by ISO 13406 remain essentially unchanged, test methods and requirements have been updated to account for advances in science and technology. All generic ergonomic requirements have been inc
30、orporated into ISO 9241-303. The application of those requirements to different display technologies, application areas and environmental conditions including test methods and pass/fail criteria are specified in ISO 9241-307. Methods for performing formal display measurements to determine display ch
31、aracteristics and verify technical specifications (tests that can be very costly and time-consuming and that are normally performed under rigorous test conditions with a new device) are given in ISO 9241-305 and ISO 9241-307. In addition, guidance on the design of SED (surface-conduction electron-em
32、itter displays) and OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays is given in ISO/TR 9241-308 and ISO/TR 9241-309. The overall modular structure of the subseries will facilitate its revision and amendment, as ongoing technological development enables new forms of display interaction. This part of ISO
33、 9241 is concerned with ergonomic workplace assessment and is aimed at providing a means of assessing whether or not the visual ergonomic requirements specified in ISO 9241-303 are satisfied within a specified task setting. The intention is not necessarily to produce a perfect display with optimum v
34、isual characteristics, but rather to ensure that the needed qualities to perform the visual task satisfactorily are indeed present. During the lifetime of a display, the context in which it is used can often vary; “ageing” normally takes place as the display is used and, as a result, the performance
35、 of the display may be reduced over time. The lighting conditions under which a display is used often also vary. In actual VDT workstation use, the main ergonomic concerns are the visual task being performed and the input devices being used to accomplish the task. There are several factors that make
36、 the performance of a visual task using a VDT different from that in many other non-VDT or paper tasks. These factors are related to the positioning of the various elements needed for performing the visual task. The ergonomic goal is to be able to read the information on the display comfortably, eas
37、ily, accurately and quickly (where necessary) as when a paper “hardcopy” placed on the work desk is read. One consideration is what might be called the positional sensitivity of the screen. If positioned poorly, displays are susceptible to external light sources: these can be reflected back to the v
38、iewer and can contribute to reduced legibility of the information on the screen. In more compelling environments, these light sources can give rise to glare. They can come from either natural light from windows or from artificial lighting systems such as overhead mounted luminaries in offices. EN IS
39、O 9241-306:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 9241-306:2009-06 4Given the size and dimensions of most displays, a display is typically oriented in a vertical rather than horizontal position. This orientation and position of the information to be read is considerably different than that when a book or paper placed
40、on the desk is read. The line of sight from the eye to the visual task is raised up to 45, giving rise to a quite different visual background, often with a varying luminous background arising from walls and other objects in the environment. These factors can affect the working posture of a user tryi
41、ng to compensate between the line of sight angle to the display needed to be maintained and the distance to the visual task. These and other considerations demonstrate that the positioning of a display is much more important than the mere positioning of paper or other hardcopy reading materials. The
42、y gives rise to the need to be able to adjust the display for orientation and height and to have the flexibility to set up the workstation equipment so that the needs of a specific user can be realized. The combination of display, lighting environment and workstation equipment are the basics for an
43、ergonomically well-designed workplace. Unlike most visual task materials, displays are intended to be used for several years. Many other kinds of work materials are used only once or a few times, or are renewed or refreshed when visibility is too low or possibly too uncertain (e.g. safety instructio
44、ns or warnings), or else simply remain unchanged over time. The display assessment methods presented in this part of ISO 9241 do not, in most cases, require expensive measuring equipment and will in general be able to be carried out easily in a working field environment. In conducting these assessme
45、nts, it ought to be possible to determine whether a problem is related to a) the display itself (or the display in combination with the graphic adapter), b) the application software, or c) physical environmental conditions. In cases involving a), the display, it is beneficial that the workstation se
46、t-up be reviewed to determine whether it meets the suppliers recommendations; if it does not, another assessment will need to be performed to determine how it can be made to meet them. In cases involving b), the application software, it might be necessary to contact the software developers of the ap
47、plication product in order to ascertain possible corrective action. In cases involving c), conditions in the physical environment, simple re-orientations or the repositioning of the workstation and/or display can be a satisfactory solution; whereas, in more complex situations, arrangements might nee
48、d to be made with the relevant interested parties in order to ascertain appropriate actions and their feasibility. For details, see Annex B. ISO 9241 was originally developed as a 17-part International Standard on the ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals. As part of
49、the standards review process, a major restructuring of ISO 9241 was agreed to broaden its scope, to incorporate other relevant standards and to make it more usable. The general title of the revised ISO 9241, Ergonomics of human-system interaction, reflects these changes and aligns the standard with the overall title and scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. The revised multipart standard is structured as a series of standards numbered in the “hundreds”: th
