1、September 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 9No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.100!$QtI“1468138ww
2、w.din.deDDIN ISO 13357-2Petroleum products Determination of the filterability of lubricating oils Part 2: Procedure for dry oils (ISO 13357-2:2005)English version of DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09Minerallerzeugnisse Bestimmung der Filtrierbarkeit von Schmierlen Teil 2: Verfahren fr Trockenle (ISO 13357-2:2
3、005)Englische Fassung DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 14 pages2 Contents Page National foreword .2 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principle6 5 Reagents and materials 6 6 Apparatus .8 7 Samples and sampling9 8 Preparation of appara
4、tus 9 9 Procedure 10 10 Calculations. 11 11 Expression of results . 12 12 Precision 12 13 Test report . 13 Annex A (informative) Suitable procedure for the addition of graduations to a measuring cylinder 14 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 “Petroleum
5、 products and lubricants”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 062-06-70 AA, the mirror committee of ISO/TC 28 “Petroleum products and lubricants” of the Fachausschuss Minerall-
6、 und Brennstoffnormung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 1219-1 DIN ISO 1219-1 ISO 3170 DIN EN ISO 3170 ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 ISO 4259 DIN ISO 4259 ISO 4788 DIN EN ISO 4788 ISO 13357-1 DIN ISO 13357-1 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008
7、-09 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography 3 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids Manual sampling DIN EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test DIN EN ISO 4788, Laboratory glasswar
8、e Graduated measuring cylinders DIN ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams Part 1: Graphic symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use; specification and test methods DIN ISO 13357-1, Pet
9、roleum products Determination of the filterability of lubricating oils Part 1: Procedure for oils in the presence of water DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 Introduction The fluid in a hydraulic system acts as a lubricant, and to minimize wear of the components, it is important to reduce the concentrations of
10、 circulating hard contaminant particles. This is particularly necessary when the performance of the system depends on the maintenance of small clearances and orifices. Removal of these contaminants is effected by the use of filters, and the ability of a hydraulic fluid to pass through fine filters,
11、without plugging them, is called its filterability. This part of ISO 13357 describes a laboratory test procedure for assessing the filterability of mineral oils in a dry state. Filterability so determined is not a physical characteristic of the oil, but represents an estimation of its behaviour in s
12、ervice. This part of ISO 13357 describes two measurements, referred to as “stages”. The Stage I determination is based on a comparison of the mean flow rate of a fluid through a test membrane with its initial flow rate. Oils having good Stage I filterability, but only a poor Stage II performance (se
13、e below), would be unlikely to give performance problems in use, unless extremely fine system filters are utilized. The Stage II determination is based on the ratio between the initial flow rate of fluid through the test membrane and the rate at the end of the test. It is considered that this part o
14、f the procedure is a more severe test, and is more sensitive to the presence of gels and fine silts in the oil. Silts and gels may be present in an oil when it is produced, or could be formed as an oil ages, especially when hot. An oil with good Stage II filterability would be unlikely to give filtr
15、ation problems even in the most extreme conditions, and with fine (less than 5 m) filtration present. It would thus be suitable for use in more critical hydraulic and lubrication systems. The procedure has been evaluated with mineral oils up to ISO viscosity grade 100. There would appear to be no pr
16、actical reason why it should not be used with oils of higher viscosity grades, but the data obtained could not be claimed to be completely in accordance with this method. Similarly, it should be possible to extend the test procedure to fluids other than mineral oils. However, some fluids, e.g. fire-
17、resistant fluids, will not be compatible with the specified test membranes, and the test could only be used for comparison purposes even when suitable membranes, with similar pore size/pore density characteristics to those specified in this procedure, have been identified. 4 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09
18、Petroleum products Determination of the filterability of lubricating oils Part 2: Procedure for dry oils equipment. This part of ISO 13357 does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 13357 to establish appro
19、priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13357 specifies a procedure for the evaluation of the filterability of dry lubricating oils, particularly those designed for hydraulic applications. The procedure only
20、applies to mineral-based oils, since fluids manufactured from other materials (e.g. fire-resistant fluids) might not be compatible with the specified test membranes. The range of application has been evaluated with oils of viscosity up to ISO viscosity grade (VG) 100, as defined in ISO 3448. Within
21、the range described, the filterability as defined is not dependent on the viscosity of the oil. The procedure is not suitable for some hydraulic oils on which specific properties have been conferred by the use of insoluble/partially soluble additives, or by particularly large molecular species. NOTE
22、 Filterability is a prime requirement for lubricating oils used in hydraulic systems because of the fine filters used in this application. This part of ISO 13357 defines a method for assessing the filterability of dry oils. It is necessary to note that some oils exhibit poorer filterability characte
23、ristics in the presence of contaminating water. ISO 13357-1 applies to the investigation of the effect of water and high temperature on filterability, if an oil is used in applications where the presence of water in the oil is likely. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are ind
24、ispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams Part 1:
25、 Graphic symbols ISO 3170:2004, Petroleum liquid Manual sampling ISO 3448:1992, Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity classification ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 4259:1992, Petroleum products Determination and application of precision dat
26、a in relation to methods of test ISO 4788:2005, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders 5 WARNING The use of this part of ISO 13357 may involve hazardous materials operations and DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 ISO 13357-1:2002, Petroleum products Determination of the filterability of lubricating
27、 oils Part 1: Procedure for oils in the presence of water 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 filterability dimensionless number, expressed as a percentage, which is the ratio between two filtration rates 3.2 stage I filterability
28、 ratio, expressed as a percentage, between 240 ml and the volume of oil actually filtered in the time that 240 ml would have theoretically taken, assuming no plugging of the membrane 3.3 stage II filterability ratio, expressed as a percentage, between the flow rate near the start of the filtration,
29、and the flow rate between 200 ml and 300 ml of filtered volume 4 Principle The test fluid is filtered under specified conditions through a membrane of 0,8 m mean pore diameter and the times for the specified filtrate volumes are recorded. Filterabilities are calculated from ratios of the filtration
30、rate near the start of filtration to the filtration rate at specified higher filtered volumes. The result of the test is the average of three determined values. NOTE In the ideal situation, the filtration rate remains constant. 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 Water, conforming to grade 3 of ISO 3696:19
31、87. 5.2 Propan-2-ol, filtered through a compatible 0,45 m membrane filter. NOTE A solvent-filtering dispenser, as shown in Figure 1, is a means of dispensing this solvent, and the wash solvent (5.3). 5.3 Wash solvent, of light aliphatic hydrocarbon, filtered through a compatible 0,45 m membrane filt
32、er (see Note in 5.2). Heptane or 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is suitable. 5.4 Compressed gas, complete with regulator system capable of supplying gas at nominated pressures of between 50 kPa and 200 kPa. The gas (air or nitrogen) shall be dry and filtered. 6 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 Key 1 reagent-resistan
33、t plastic tubing 2 inert support screen 3 membrane filter, 0,45 m 4 reagent-resistant plastic tubing 5 solvent-filtering dispenser Figure 1 Solvent-filtering dispenser 7 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 6 Apparatus A schematic of the assembled apparatus, with the graphic symbols conforming to ISO 1219-1, is
34、shown in Figure 2. Key 1 source of compressed air or nitrogen 2 pressure regulator 3 pressure gauge 4 ball valve 5 pressure vessel with membrane support 6 measuring cylinder Figure 2 Outline of assembled filtration apparatus 6.1 Filtration apparatus, constructed of stainless steel, consisting of a l
35、idded funnel of at least 350 ml capacity, and a funnel base with filter support, such that a membrane filter (6.2) can be clamped between the sealing surfaces of the funnel and the base by means of a metal clamp or other suitable gas-tight closure. The apparatus shall be grounded (earthed), and suit
36、able electrical bonding of the parts shall be provided. The effective filtration area shall be 1 130 mm2 60 mm2. 8 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 6.2 Membrane filters, of mixed cellulose esters, diameter 47 mm and mean pore size of 0,8 m. NOTE Membranes of an equivalent specification to Millipore filter me
37、mbranes, catalogue number AAWP 047 IF1), have been found satisfactory. 6.3 Measuring cylinders, one of borosilicate glass, of 250 ml capacity, conforming to the requirements of ISO 4788. This cylinder shall be permanently marked with further graduation marks at 10 ml and 300 ml. Annex A describes a
38、procedure for adding these graduations. A second cylinder, capable of measuring 320 ml 5 ml, is also required for sample transfer. NOTE The 250 ml measuring cylinder has a total capacity in excess of 300 ml allowing the extra graduations to be added. The use of a larger measuring cylinder for the fi
39、ltration process would not give adequate precision for the test. 6.4 Pressure gauge, dial or digital type, capable of reading the required delivery pressures (see 9.4) 5 kPa. 6.5 Forceps, spade-ended. 6.6 Timing device, electronic or mechanical, capable of reading to the nearest 0,2 s, and fitted wi
40、th a dual-stop facility. 6.7 Oven, controlled at 70 C 10 C. 6.8 Petri dishes, loosely covered. 7 Samples and sampling 7.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be taken by the procedure specified in ISO 3170. 7.2 Shake the laboratory sample thoroughly by hand, and allow it to stand for 24 h at a
41、 temperature of 15 C to 25 C. NOTE The optimum ambient laboratory temperature for precision is 22 C. 8 Preparation of apparatus 8.1 Rinse the apparatus with wash solvent (5.3) to remove traces of oil from previous tests. 8.2 Soak in laboratory detergent solution overnight, or scrub thoroughly with h
42、ot laboratory detergent solution. 8.3 Rinse with hot tap water, followed by cold tap water. 8.4 Rinse with water (5.1). 8.5 Rinse with propan-2-ol (5.2). 8.6 Rinse with wash solvent (5.3) and allow to dry. 1) Millipore membrane, catalogue number AAWP 047 IF, is an example of a suitable product avail
43、able commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this part of ISO 13357 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product. 9 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 9 Procedure A diagram of a typical determination is shown as Figure 3. Key X time, s Y volume, ml Figure 3 Diag
44、ram of typical filterability test run 9.1 Carry out the test in triplicate. 9.2 Place a membrane filter (6.2) in a loosely covered Petri dish (6.8) in the oven (6.7) for 10 min. Handle the membrane filter by the edge only, using forceps (6.5), during this and all subsequent operations. 9.3 Assemble
45、the filtration apparatus (6.1) with a membrane filter the correct way up (see Note below), in place. Ensure that the apparatus is properly grounded (earthed), there are no leaks in the pressure system, and that the measuring cylinder (6.3) is properly located below the filtration vessel. NOTE The co
46、rrect orientation of the membrane filters is that in which the top is viewed on the normal opening of the packaging box. 9.4 Close the ball valve (see Figure 2) and adjust the gas pressure to the specified level, according to the viscosity of the oil. The required pressures, 5 kPa, are ISO viscosity
47、 grades (VG) less than 32 50 kPa ISO viscosity grades (VG) of 32 and 46 100 kPa ISO viscosity grades (VG) of 68 and 100 200 kPa 10 DIN ISO 13357-2:2008-09 9.5 Mix the laboratory sample by inverting the sample container sharply 30 times in 60 s 10 s. NOTE Each inversion should be completed by a disti
48、nct snap. 9.6 Immediately pour 320 ml 5 ml of sample into the filtration funnel and close and seal the lid. Open the ball valve and check immediately that the correct pressure is maintained. 9.7 Start the timing device (6.6) when the first drop of oil enters the measuring cylinder. 9.8 Using the dua
49、l-stop facility of the timing device, record, to the nearest 0,2 s, the time when the level in the measuring cylinder reaches 10 ml (T10), 50 ml (T50), 200 ml (T200) and 300 ml (T300). 9.9 When T50is available, calculate TVas 6(T50 T10) + T10. 9.10 Record the volume in the measuring cylinder at the time (TV) calculated in 9.9. 9.11 If Stage I filterability only is being measured, discontinue the test when this volume has been recorded. 9.12 Discontinue the test if the time to the highest required volume (ei
