1、July 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 3
2、7.040.20!$(=“1900526www.din.deDDIN ISO 18901Imaging materials Processed silver-gelatin-type black-and-white films Specifications for stability (ISO 18901:2010)English translation of DIN ISO 18901:2012-07Bild-Aufzeichnungsmaterialien Verarbeitete Schwarzwei-Filme vom Silber-Gelatine-Typ Festlegungen
3、fr die Haltbarkeit (ISO 18901:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 18901:2012-07Matriaux pour limage Films noir et blanc de type glatino-argentique traits Spcifications relatives la stabilit (ISO 18901:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 18901:2012-07SupersedesDIN ISO 18901:2007-06www.beuth.deDocum
4、ent comprises 25 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.06.12 DIN ISO 18901:2012-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page National foreword .3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative referenc
5、es 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Film base requirements 7 5 Processed film requirements .7 5.1 Storage conditions 7 5.2 Safety film .7 5.3 Amount of free acid .7 5.4 Tensile properties and loss in tensile properties .7 6 Requirements for the emulsion and backing layers of processed film .8 6.1 Laye
6、r adhesion .8 6.2 Emulsion flow 8 6.3 Blocking 8 6.4 Thiosulfate concentration .8 6.5 Residual silver compounds 9 7 Image-stability requirements 9 7.1 General 9 7.2 Radiographic films 9 7.3 Microfilms 10 7.4 Other films . 10 8 Test methods. 10 8.1 Identification of film base 10 8.2 Accelerated-agein
7、g conditions . 10 8.3 Determination of the amount of free acid 11 8.4 Tensile property test for processed film 12 8.5 Tape-stripping adhesion test 12 8.6 Humidity-cycling adhesion test . 13 8.7 Emulsion-flow test 14 8.8 Blocking test . 14 8.9 Residual silver compound test 15 8.10 Image-stability tes
8、t . 15 Annex A (informative) Washing and the effect of residual thiosulfate on the developed silver image . 17 Annex B (informative) Effect of residual silver compounds on the developed silver image . 18 Annex C (informative) Accelerated image-stability test for radiographic films . 19 Annex D (info
9、rmative) Accelerated image-stability test for microfilms 21 Annex E (informative) Accelerated image-stability test for aerial films . 23 Bibliography . 25 DIN ISO 18901:2012-07 3 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42 “Photography”, Working Group WG 5 “Phy
10、sical properties and image permanence of photographic materials” (Secretariat: ANSI, USA). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Veranstaltungstechnik, Bild und Film (Entertainment Technology, Photography and Cinematography Standards Committee), Working Comm
11、ittee NA 149-00-01 AA Fotografische Medien. ISO 18901:2010 is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from 18900 to 1
12、8999. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN and/or DKE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this d
13、ocument are as follows: ISO 5-2 DIN 4512-8 ISO 5-3 DIN 4512-9 ISO 527-3 DIN EN ISO 527-3 ISO 18902 DIN ISO 18902 ISO 18906 DIN ISO 18906 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 18901:2007-06 as follows: a) Annex A “Numbering system for related International Standards” has been deleted; b) the
14、standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN ISO 18901: 2007-01 DIN ISO 10602: 2000-10 DIN 19070-2: 1978-08 DIN 19070-1: 1978-08, 1985-09 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 4512-8, Photographic sensitometry Determination of optical density Geometric conditions for trans
15、mission density DIN 4512-9, Photographic sensitometry Determination of optical density Spectral conditions DIN EN ISO 527-3, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets DIN ISO 18902, Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Albums, framing and stor
16、age materials DIN ISO 18906, Imaging materials Photographic films Specifications for safety film Introduction Since 1930, great advances have been made in the use of photographic films for the preservation of records. The preservation of film records by governments, banks, insurance companies, indus
17、try and other enterprises has been stimulated by a recognition of the economies in storage space, organization, accessibility and ease of reproduction that result from the use of film records. During the early development period of the art of copying documents, 35 mm nitrate motion picture film was
18、sometimes used. This material is highly flammable and is not a safety film as specified in ISO 18906. Nitrate film is not acceptable for any record film. The manufacture of nitrate film declined after World War II and was discontinued in most countries in the 1950s. From about 1908 to 1956, the only
19、 safety-type film bases in commercial use were cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate. The useful life of these cellulose-ester-type bases is somewhat conjectural because of limited practical experience. However, the results of laboratory incubation tests indi
20、cate a useful life of at least 50 to 100 years when cellulose-ester-base films are stored under recommended conditions (see References 1, 2, 3 and 4). A second type of polymer safety film base was introduced commercially in 1956. This is a polyester-class material whose chemical name is polyethylene
21、 terephthalate. NOTE Another type of polyester base, known as polyethylene naphthalate, has been used for APS (Advanced Photo System) type films since 1996. Polyester base has several advantages over cellulose-ester base, including greater strength, stiffness, tear resistance and dimensional stabili
22、ty, which are important in many photographic applications (see References 5 and 6). Accelerated ageing tests supplemented by 35 years of practical experience indicate a potential useful life of 500 years. This International Standard provides image-stability predictions for three classes of black-and
23、-white films in terms of LE (life expectancy) ratings. These three classes are radiographic films, microfilms and all other films. Two or three LE ratings are given for each of these film classes depending on their residual thiosulfate concentrations. Studies on the stability of silver-gelatin-type
24、films have investigated the effect of residual hypo on the image permanence of radiographic films, microfilms and aerial films (see References 7, 8 and 9). This work suggested modifications to the residual hypo limits and a more quantitative image-stability test was included in the first edition of
25、this International Standard. Residual hypo limits and image-stability tests are now included for all film categories. This International Standard identifies certain hazards to permanence attributable to the chemical or physical characteristics of processed film and provides methods for evaluating th
26、em. Some of these are inherent film characteristics, some are related to the chemical processing procedure and some are influenced by both factors. However, storage conditions can also have a pronounced influence on film permanence. The essential requirements for longevity are proper storage tempera
27、ture and humidity as well as protection from the hazards of fire, water, fungus, and atmospheric pollutants. Proper storage conditions are specified in ISO 18902 and ISO 18911. DIN ISO 18901:2012-07 4Imaging materials Processed silver-gelatin-type black-and-white films Specifications for stability 1
28、 Scope This International Standard establishes the specifications for photographic films intended for the storage of records. It is applicable specifically to films with a base of safety cellulose ester or polyester having silver-gelatin emulsions, processed to produce a black-and-white silver image
29、 by negative or full-reversal processing. It applies to film processed using a monobath that includes thiosulfate as the fixing agent, followed by a conventional wash. It also is applicable to silver films given a stabilizing treatment by partial or full conversion to silver sulfide, silver selenide
30、 or gold. This International Standard is applicable to films having ultrasonic or dielectric (induction-heated) splices. It does not cover films with splices made of adhesive tape or solvent-type spIices. NOTE Solvent-type splices are suspect since they sometimes retain traces of residual solvents c
31、ontaining peroxide, which can pose some risk of oxidative attack on the silver image. This International Standard is not applicable to films with chromogenic black-and-white images, colour images of any type, or to films with a magnetic recording track. It does not apply to films with silver images
32、produced by dry or thermal processing or by diffusion-reversal processing, or to films that have been processed by a monobath using means other than a thiosulfate-type fixing solution. It is not applicable to films where the silver salts are removed by means other than thiosulfate solutions (see Ref
33、erence 10). This International Standard is not applicable to films to which lacquers have been applied. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
34、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5-2, Photography and graphic technology Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmittance density ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 527-3
35、, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets ISO 18902, Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Albums, framing and storage materials ISO 18906, Imaging materials Photographic films Specifications for safety film ISO 18911, Imaging materials Proce
36、ssed safety photographic films Storage practices ISO 18917, Photography Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide DIN ISO 18901:2012-07 53 Terms and definitions For the purpose
37、s of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 emulsion layer image or image-recording layer of silver-gelatin-type black-and-white films NOTE There can be one or several emulsion layers. 3.2 extended-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of rec
38、orded information having permanent value NOTE The term “medium-term storage conditions” defines storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information for a minimum of 10 years. 3.3 film base plastic support for the emulsion and backing layers 3.3.1 cellulose-ester base base for re
39、cording materials composed mainly of the cellulose esters of acetic, propionic, or butyric acids, or mixtures thereof 3.3.2 polyester base base for recording materials composed mainly of a polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid (also referred to as polyethylene terephthalate), or a polymer
40、 of ethylene glycol and 2,6 naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (also referred to as polyethylene naphthalate) 3.4 full-reversal processing reversal photographic processing that consists of development, bleach, clear, re-exposing and second development, followed by fixing and washing 3.5 life expectancy L
41、E length of time that information is predicted to be acceptable in a system after dark storage at 21 C and 50 % relative humidity (RH) NOTE In the past, the term “archival” was used to define material that could be expected to preserve images forever, so that such images could be retrieved without s
42、ignificant loss when properly stored. However, as no such material exists, this is now a deprecated term and is no longer used in International Standards for imaging materials or in systems specifications. 3.6 LE designation rating for the life expectancy (3.5) of recording materials and associated
43、retrieval systems NOTE The number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy, in years, during which information can be retrieved without significant loss when stored at 21 C and 50 % RH, e.g. LE-100 indicates that information can be retrieved after at least 100 years of
44、storage. DIN ISO 18901:2012-07 63.7 non-curl backing layer layer, usually made of gelatin, applied to the side of the photographic film base opposite that of the emulsion layer, for the purpose of preventing curl NOTE 1 It is comparable to the emulsion layer in thickness and is not removed in proces
45、sing. NOTE 2 Antihalation or other layers removed in processing are excluded from this definition. 3.8 safety film safety photographic film film that meets the flammability specifications defined in ISO 18906 4 Film base requirements The base used for record films, as specified in this International
46、 Standard, shall be of a safety polyester or a cellulose-ester type and can be identified by the method described in 8.1. Some films on a cellulose-ester-type base can have a maximum LE rating of 100. Some films on a polyester base can have a maximum LE rating of 500. NOTE These limitations are base
47、d on historical experiences as discussed in the Introduction. 5 Processed film requirements 5.1 Storage conditions Films shall be stored under the conditions specified in ISO 18902 and ISO 18911. 5.2 Safety film Film shall meet the requirements specified in ISO 18906. 5.3 Amount of free acid The cel
48、lulose-ester base shall not have an amount of free acid greater than 0,1 ml of 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution per gram of film. The amount of free acid shall be measured in accordance with 8.3. NOTE The degradation of cellulose-ester base is autocatalytic and proceeds rapidly when the free acid is greater than 0,5 ml of 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution. The volume of 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide equivalent to the amount of free acid of the processed film shall not increase
