1、Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Anleitung fr die gute fachliche Praxis bei derVerbrennung von Schlamm mit und ohne Fettund RechengutCharacterization of sludges Good practice for sludges incineration with and withoutgrease and screeningsCaractrisation des boues Bonne pratique dincinration des boues av
2、ec ou sansgraisse et refus de dgrillageDIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 13767BeuthB55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03IVorwortDer vorliegende DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 13767 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Anleitun
3、g frdie gute fachliche Praxis bei der Verbrennung von Schlamm mit und ohne Fett und Rechengut“ wurdeim CEN/TC 308 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen“ erarbeitet. Deutschland war an der Erarbeitungber den Arbeitsausschuss AA I 1 Bodenschutz, Altlastensanierung und Entsorgung“ imNormenausschuss Wasserwese
4、n (NAW) im DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V. beteiligt.Das ursprnglich mit dem Ziel der Verffentlichung als Europische Norm vorgesehene Projekt wurdeim Rahmen der Befragung der im CEN vertretenen Mitgliedslnder zum Entwurf dieses Dokumentsnoch einmal ausfhrlich diskutiert und es wurde entschie
5、den, dass die Verffentlichung nicht alsEuropische Norm, sondern als Technischer Bericht des CEN erfolgen soll.Gegen die Verffentlichung als Europische Norm sprachen insbesondere der Inhalt des Dokuments ist mehr eine Beschreibung als ein Regelwerk, das dem Anwendereine einheitliche Vorgehensweise vo
6、rgibt; die unterschiedlichen nationalen Rechtsvorschriften, die in Ergnzung zur EuropischenKlrschlammrichtlinie 1 den Umgang mit dem Klrschlamm regeln und Manahmen fr seineVerwertung oder Beseitigung aufzeigen.Fr Deutschland sind hier insbesondere die Klrschlammverordnung 2 das Kreislaufwirtschafts-
7、 und Abfallgesetz 3 das Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz 4 und das Wasserhaushaltsgesetz 5zu nennen.Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der derzeit in Deutschland stattfindenden kontroversen Diskussionzur Zukunft der Verwertung von Klrschlamm in der Landwirtschaft und aufgrund der guten Zusam-menstellung
8、der Sachverhalte zum Thema Klrschlamm im europischen Raum hat der fachlichzustndige AA I 1 beschlossen, den Bericht CEN/TR 13767 der ffentlichkeit in der englischenOriginalfassung mit deutschem Vorwort zur Verfgung zu stellen.In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf drei DIN-Fachberichte, CEN/CR 13714 6, CEN
9、/CR 13846 7 undCEN/CR 13097 8 des CEN/TC 308 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen“ verwiesen, die den vorlie-genden Bericht thematisch ergnzen.Literatur1 Richtlinie 86/278/EWG des Rates vom 12. Juni 1986 ber den Schutz der Umwelt und ins-besondere der Bden bei der Verwendung von Klrschlamm in der Landwirt
10、schaft, Abl. EGNr. L 181 S. 62 Klrschlammverordnung (AbfKlrV) vom 15. April 1992, BGBl. I S. 9123 Gesetz zur Frderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft und Sicherung der umweltvertrglichen Beseitigungvon Abfllen (Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz KrW-/AbfG) vom 27. September 1994,BGBl. I S. 27054 Siebzeh
11、nte Verordnung zur Durchfhrung des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes,17. BlmSchV Verordnung ber die Verbrennung und die Mitverbrennung von Abfllen vom14. August 2003, BGBI. I Nr 41 vom 19. 8. 2003 S. 16335 Gesetz zur Ordnung des Wasserhaushalts (Wasserhaushaltsgesetz WHG) in der Fassung derBekanntmach
12、ung vom 12. November 1996, BGBl. I S. 16956 DIN-Fachbericht 118 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Management von Schlamm zur Ver-wertung oder Beseitigung7 DIN-Fachbericht 123 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Manahmen zur Sicherung und Erwei-terung der Mglichkeiten zur Schlammverwertung und -beseitigung8
13、DIN-Fachbericht CEN/CR 13097 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Gute Praxis bei der Ver-wendung von Schlmmen in der LandwirtschaftB55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TEC
14、HNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13767 August 2004 ICS 13.030.20 Supersedes CR 13767:2001 English version Characterisation of sludges - Good practice for sludges incineration with and without grease and screenings Caractrisation des boues - Bonne pratique dincinration des boues avec ou sans graisse et refus
15、de dgrillage Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Anleitung fr die gute fachliche Praxis bei der Verbrennung von Schlamm mit und ohne Fett und Rechengut This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 February 2004. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308. CEN members are the national
16、 standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEA
17、N COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13767:2004: EB55EB1B3E14C2
18、2109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN/TR 13767:2004 (E) 2 Contents FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION 4 1 SCOPE 5 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .5 3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .5 4 SLUDGE PROPERTIES .6 4.1 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS .6 4.2 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS7 5 COMBUSTION FUNDAMENTALS.9 6
19、 EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS10 6.1 INCINERATION SYSTEMS10 6.2 SUPPORT COMPONENTS16 6.3 DESIGN ASPECTS21 7 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES22 7.1 GENERAL.22 7.2 SPECIFIC22 8 MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUES.25 8.1 FLUE GAS.25 8.2 ASHES .26 8.3 WASTEWATER 27 9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 27 ANNEX A28 BIBLIOGRAPHY 32 B5
20、5EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN/TR 13767:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13767:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document supersedes CR 13767:2001. S
21、ignificant technical differences between this edition and CR 13767:2001 is taking account of the new Directive 2000/76/EC (incineration of waste). The status of this document as CEN Technical Report has been chosen because the most of its content is not completely in line with practice and regulatio
22、n in each member state. This document gives recommendations for a good practice but existing national regulations concerning the sludges incineration remain in force. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to annou
23、nce this Technical Report: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. B
24、55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN/TR 13767:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The purpose of this document is to describe good practice of the sludge incineration in order to ensure a safe and economical operation. The main goals are to : describe the principal design param
25、eters relevant to different process schemes ; assess the operating procedures able to perform optimal energy consumption, emissions control and equipment durability ; provide the responsible authorities with well established and easily applicable protocols for control purposes ; promote the diffusio
26、n of this practice and favouring the formation of a public opinion consensus ; Potential advantages of high temperature processes include : reduction of volume and mass of sludge ; destruction of toxic organic compounds, if present ; energy recovery. Anyway, priority should be given to reduction of
27、pollutants at the origin and to recover if technically and economically feasible valuable substances (phosphorous and potassium) in sludge and derived products. The following abbreviated terms necessary for the understanding of this document apply : COD Chemical oxygen demand LOI Loss On Ignition MH
28、F Multiple Hearth Furnace FBF Fluidised Bed Furnace RKF Rotary Kiln Furnace EF Electric Furnace CF Cyclone Furnace PCDF Polychlorodibenzofurans PCDD Polychlorodibenzodioxins PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons GCV Greater Calorific Value LCV Lower Calorific Value VOC V
29、olatile organic carbon B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN/TR 13767:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document describes good practice for the incineration of sludges with and without grease and screenings. This document is applicable for sludges described in the scope of C
30、EN/TC 308 specifically derived from : night soil ; urban wastewater collecting systems ; urban wastewater treatment plants ; treatment of industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC) ; but excluding hazardous sludges from industry. This document is not applic
31、able to co-incineration of sludge and other wastes, (either urban or hazardous) (see CEN/TR 13768) and to the use of sludge in cement kilns. Annex A gives tables of data for different typical parameters for sludge, furnace and ash. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indisp
32、ensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1085, Wastewater treatment Vocabulary. EN 12832, Characterization of sludges Utilisation an
33、d disposal of sludges Vocabulary. EN 12255-8, Wastewater treatments plants Part 8 : Sludge treatment and storage. CEN/TR 13768, Characterization of sludges Good practice for combined incineration of sludge and household wastes. EN 13965-1, Characterization of waste Terminology Part 1 : Material rela
34、ted terms and definitions. EN 13965-2, Characterization of waste Terminology Part 2 : Management related terms and definitions. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions which apply are those given in : Directive 91/271/EC (concerning urban waste
35、water treatment) ; Directive 75/442/EEC (the Waste Framework Directive) as amended by EU Directive 91/156/EEC ; Directive 89/369/EEC (concerning prevention of atmospheric pollution derived from urban solid waste incineration plants) until 27/12/2005; Directive 2000/76/CE on Waste incineration EN 108
36、5, EN 12832, and EN 13965-1 and -2. B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN/TR 13767:2004 (E) 6 4 Sludge properties Sludge characterisation for the assessment of combustion processes involves the evaluation of chemical and physical parameters and specific properties.
37、4.1 Chemical characteristics The main chemical characteristics to be taken into account are : organic and inorganic chlorine ; sulfur ; phosphorus and nitrogen ; other halogens ; organic micropollutants with main regard to chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenols and polyphenols, polychlorinated biphenyls
38、(PCB), pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ; elemental analysis of loss on ignition (LOI) ; trace elements. The toxicity of emissions (gaseous, liquid, solid) from incineration generally depends on the presence of above chemicals at origin, when improper operating conditions occur.
39、 a) Sulfur The sulfur content of sewage sludge ranges generally from 0,5 % to 2 % by dry mass. Because a fraction of the sulfur is present in the oxidised sulfate form, not all of this sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide during combustion. Sulfur dioxide then combines with moisture, either in the
40、waste gas treatment system or in the atmosphere, to form sulfuric and sulfurous acids. b) Phosphorus and nitrogen Phosphorus can be present in sewage sludge in concentration ranging from 1 % to 5 % by dry mass. This concentration mainly depends on the phosphorus load in the wastewater system and on
41、the level of phosphorus removal accomplished in the treatment plant. Nowadays in some countries the phosphorus concentration in urban wastewater is decreasing due to substitution of phosphorus in detergents with other products. During combustion phosphorus and phosphorus compounds are converted to c
42、alcium phosphate which can be present in the furnace ash up to 15 % mass fraction of P2O5.In certain conditions, leaching of phosphorus from ashes should be taken into account. Nitrogen content of sewage sludge (2 % to 12 % dry mass) can be converted during combustion to molecular nitrogen or to NOx
43、, depending on the temperature and atmosphere inside the furnace. NOxformation from fuel bound nitrogen can be controlled by restricting the air flow to the minimum excess above the stoichiometric requirement and by staging the air flow to the furnace (see 8.1). c) Chlorine and other halogens 1)Orga
44、nic and inorganic chlorine compounds play an important role in the combustion processes for the tendency of the chlorine radicals to bind to active radicals, like O*, H* and OH*. This determines a decrease in the combustion rate with the possibility of toxic compounds formation. Chlorine and other h
45、alogens are also responsible for the presence in the exhaust gases of acidic compounds which are undesirable for corrosion problems involved, especially at high temperatures. The presence of organic chlorine in sewage sludge is generally negligible (less 1) Bromine can exert similar effects than chl
46、orine but the organic compounds are easier formed and they can also be easier destroyed at high temperatures. B55EB1B3E14C22109E918E8EA43EDB30F09CC9B7EF8DD9NormCD - Stand 2007-03CEN/TR 13767:2004 (E) 7 than 50 mg/kg dry mass) but the concentration of inorganic chlorine can be some units per cent dry
47、 mass depending on chlorine presence in the sludge water fraction and on the use of inorganic conditioners. The industrial sludges similar to sewage sludge mentioned in Directive 91/271/EC, which derive from food and/or beverage transformation and production, do not contain organic chlorine. As for
48、sewage sludge, inorganic chlorine can be present in such sludges if FeCl3is used as conditioner. d) Organic micropollutants Although the presence of organic micropollutants in sewage sludge can be in some cases noticeable, they generally do not pose problems in incineration. Chemical analysis can in
49、clude, for particular cases of contaminated sludges, the compounds which are recognised to be recalcitrant to a thermal degradation. e) Elemental analysis Elemental analysis of loss on ignition (C, H, N, S, O) is important to predict flow rate and composition of flue gas and therefore to design the purification gas line. Typical elemental analysis of primary, secondary, mixed and digested sludge is given in
