1、Standard ECMA-1302nd Edition - June 1996Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chData interchange on read-only120 mm optical data disks(CD-ROM).Standard ECMA-1302nd Edition - June 1996Standa
2、rdizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chM R Ecma-130.doc 30-09-96 16,42Data interchange on read-only120 mm optical data disks(CD-ROM).Brief HistoryIn the past years compact disks originally devel
3、oped by the Philips and Sony Companies for recording music have also beenused for recording data as they allow recording of large amounts of information in a reliable and economic manner. As aread-only medium they are particularly suitable for use in applications such as auditing and legal documents
4、. It appeared veryquickly that there is an urgent need for public standards for this medium.In October 1985 a number of industrial and software companies in the USA invited experts to participate in the elaboration ofa working paper describing a proposal for the volume and file structure of such dis
5、ks. The result of this work, in which alsoexpert members of ECMA/TC15 as well as from Japan participated, was a report dated May 1986 and known as the “HighSierra Group” proposal. This proposal was submitted to ECMA for their consideration. ECMA TC15, in collaboration withexperts from user organizat
6、ions, invested a considerable amount of work into this proposal in order to clarify and complete itstechnical contents and to re-edit it in a form suitable for an ECMA Standard. This led to the issue in December 1986 ofStandard ECMA-119 which has been adopted by ISO as ECMA Standard ISO 9660.The spe
7、cification of the disk itself was contain in a document called “Yellow Book” issued by the Philips and SonyCompanies for their licensees only. In Spring 1987 ECMA was asked to produced a standard reflecting the contents of the“Yellow Book” as the necessary complement to Standard ECMA-119. As a conse
8、quence the present ECMA Standard wasdeveloped by ECMA TC31. It has been adopted by ISO/IEC JTC 1 under the fast-track procedure, and published asInternational Standard ISO/IEC 10149.A minor revision of ISO/IEC 10149 has been published in Summer 1995. This second edition of ECMA-130 has been fullyali
9、gned with the new edition of ISO/IEC 10149.This ECMA Standard has been adopted by the ECMA General Assembly of June 1996.- i -Table of contents1 Scope 12 Conformance 13 References 14 Definitions 14.1 Audio Track 14.2 concentricity 14.3 Control byte 14.4 Digital Data Track 14.5 F1-Frame 14.6 F2-Frame
10、 14.7 F3-Frame 14.8 Information Area 14.9 Information Track 24.10 Physical Track 24.11 radial acceleration 24.12 radial runout 24.13 Section 24.14 Sector 24.15 User Data Area 25 Environments 25.1 Testing environments 25.1.1 Optical stylus 25.1.2 Clamping 25.1.3 Normal testing environment 25.1.4 Rest
11、ricted testing environment 25.2 Operating environment 35.3 Storage environment 36 Inflammability 37 Material 38 Mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics 38.1 Reference planes 38.2 Centre hole 48.3 First transition area 48.4 Clamping area 4- ii -8.5 Second transition area 58.6 Information
12、 area 58.7 Rim area 68.8 General remarks 79 Mechanical deflection of the entrance surface 710 Deflection of the reflective layer 711 Physical Track geometry 711.1 Physical Track shape 711.2 Direction of rotation 711.3 Physical Track pitch 711.4 Scanning velocity 711.5 Radial runout of tracks 712 Opt
13、ical read system 812.1 HF signal 812.2 Modulation amplitude 812.3 Symmetry 812.4 Cross talk 812.5 Quality of the HF signal 812.5.1 Position jitter of the Channel bits 812.5.2 Specification of random errors 912.5.3 Specification of burst errors 912.6 Radial track-following signal 912.6.1 Magnitude 91
14、2.6.2 Defects 913 General aspects of recording 1313.1 Information Tracks 1313.2 Bit coding 1414 Sectors of a Digital Data Track 1414.1 Sync field 1514.2 Header field 1514.3 EDC field 1614.4 Intermediate field 1614.5 P-Parity field 1614.6 Q-Parity field 1615 Scrambling 1616 F1-Frames 16- iii -17 CIRC
15、 encoding - F2-Frames 1618 Control Bytes - F3-Frames and Sections 1719 Recording of the F3-Frames on the disk 1719.1 8-to-14 Encoding 1719.2 Sync Header 1719.3 Merging Channel bits 1719.4 Channel Frame 1720 Track structure of the Information Area 1820.1 Lead-in Area 1820.2 User Data Area 1820.3 Lead
16、-out Area 1821 Addressing system in the Information Area 1822 Specification of the Control bytes of Digital Data Tracks 1922.1 Setting of r-channel to w-channel 1922.2 Setting of the p-channel 1922.3 Setting of the q-channel 2022.3.1 Control field 2022.3.2 q-Mode field 2022.3.3 q-Mode 1 - q-Data Fie
17、ld in the User Data Area and in the Lead-out Area 2022.3.4 q-Mode 1 - q-Data field in the Lead-in Area 2222.3.5 q-Mode 2 - q-Data field in the Information Area 22Annex A Error correction encoding by RSPC 25Annex B Scramble 31Annex C Error correction encoding by CIRC 33Annex D 8-bit to 14-Channel bit
18、 conversion 39Annex E Merging bits 43Annex F Storage tests 45- iv -1ScopeThis ECMA Standard specifies the characteristics of 120 mm optical disks for information interchange betweeninformation processing systems and for information storage, called CD-ROM.The optical disk specified by this ECMA Stand
19、ard is of the type in which the information is recorded before deliveryto the user and can only be read from the disk. This ECMA Standard specifies some definitions, the environments in which the characteristics of the disk shall be tested and the environmentsin which it shall be used and stored, th
20、e mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, the recording characteristics, the format of the tracks, the error-detecting and the error-correcting characters, andthe coding of the information, the optical characteristics for reading the information.These characteristics are sp
21、ecified for tracks recorded with digital data. According to this ECMA Standard, a diskmay also contain one or more tracks recorded with digital audio data. Such tracks shall be recorded according to IEC908.2 ConformanceAn optical disk is in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it conforms to all i
22、ts mandatory requirements.3 ReferencesECMA-119 Information processing - Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange, 1987.IEC 908 Compact disc digital audio system, 1987.4 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this ECMA Standard the following definitions apply.4.1 Audio TrackAn Informati
23、on Track containing digitally encoded audio information.4.2 concentricityThe diameter of a circular tolerance zone within which the centres of two circular features must lie.4.3 Control byteAn 8-bit byte from a table of 98 bytes, added to an F2-Frame and containing addressing information.4.4 Digital
24、 Data TrackAn Information Track organized in sectors and containing digital user data.4.5 F1-FrameA group of 24 8-bit bytes, being the output of a scrambler and input to a CIRC encoder.4.6 F2-FrameA group of 32 8-bit bytes, being the output of a CIRC encoder.4.7 F3-FrameA group of 33 8-bit bytes, be
25、ing an F2-Frame with a control byte, and input to a 8-to-14 encoder.4.8 Information AreaAn area on the disk with physical tracks, consisting of a Lead-in area, User Data area and a Lead-out area.- 2 -4.9 Information TrackAn area on the disk containing a collection of user information.4.10 Physical T
26、rackA 360 turn of a continuous spiral line on the disk, followed by the optical stylus.4.11 radial accelerationThe radial acceleration of any physical track in the direction perpendicular to that of the axis of rotation of thedisk, at a specified rotational speed.4.12 radial runoutThe difference bet
27、ween the maximum and the minimum distance of a physical track from the axis of rotationmeasured over one revolution.4.13 SectionA group of 98 F3-Frames containing one complete table of Control bytes.4.14 SectorThe smallest addressable part of a Digital Data Track in the information area that can be
28、accessed independentlyof other addressable parts of the area.4.15 User Data AreaA part of the information area containing User Data.5 Environments5.1 Testing environments5.1.1 Optical stylusThe optical stylus used for testing measurements shall have the following characteristics.wavelength : 780 nm
29、10 nmpolarization : circularnumerical aperture : 0,45 0,01intensity at the rim of the pupil of theobjective lens : larger than 50% of the maximum intensity valueThe rms wave front error of the beam near the information layer shall be less than 0,07 . The contribution ofthe disk to this error shall b
30、e less than 0,05 .5.1.2 ClampingWhere applicable, the disk shall be held between two concentric rings having an inner diameter of at least 29mm and an outer diameter of at most 31 mm holding the disk with a force in the range 1 N to 2 N.5.1.3 Normal testing environmentUnless otherwise stated, tests
31、and measurements made on the disk to check the requirements of this ECMAStandard shall be carried out under the following conditions:temperature : 25 C 10 Crelative humidity : 45 % to 75 %atmospheric pressure : 96 kPa 10 kPaconditioning before testing : 24 h min.No condensation on the disk shall be
32、permitted to occur.5.1.4 Restricted testing environmentWhere specifically stated tests and measurements shall be carried out under the following conditions:temperature : 23 C 2 Crelative humidity : 45 % to 55 %- 3 -atmospheric pressure : 96 kPa 10 kPaconditioning before testing : 24 h min.No condens
33、ation on the disk shall be permitted to occur.5.2 Operating environmentDisks used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions, when mounted in the drivesupplied with voltage and measured on the outside surface of the disk.The disk exposed to storage conditions must be condi
34、tioned in the operating environment for at least two hoursbefore operating.temperature : -25 C to 70 Crelative humidity : 10 % to 95 %absolute humidity : 0,5 gm-3to 60,0 gm-3sudden change of temperature : 50 C max.sudden change of relative humidity : 30 % max.There shall be no condensation of moistu
35、re on the disk.5.3 Storage environmentStorage environment is the ambient condition to which the disk is exposed when stored. No condensation ofmoisture on the disk is permitted (see annex F).temperature : -20 C to 50 Crelative humidity : 5 % to 90 %wet bulb temperature : 29 C max.atmospheric pressur
36、e : 75 kPa to 105 kPa6 InflammabilityThe disk shall be made from materials that, if ignited from a match flame, do not continue to burn in a still carbondioxide atmosphere.7MaterialThis ECMA Standard specifies the material of the disk only in the information area (see 8.6). The remainder of thedisk
37、can be made of any material as long as all mandatory requirements of this ECMA Standard are met.The weight of the disk shall be within 14 g and 33 g.8 Mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristicsDimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange a
38、nd compatible useof the disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described areindicated. The enclosed drawings show the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of thedisk are described from the centre hole to the outside rim
39、.All diameters are referred to the centre of the centre hole.Other dimensions are referred to two Reference Planes P and Q.Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a part of the disk,Figure 2 shows at a larger scale the edges of the centre hole,Figure 3 shows at a larger scale a cross-section of the disk i
40、n the information area,Figure 4 shows at a larger scale a cross-section of the rim area.8.1 Reference planesReference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the clamping area(see 8.5) rests.- 4 -Reference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plan
41、e P at the height of the top surface of the clamping area.8.2 Centre holeThe centre hole shall have a cylindrical shape. Its diameter shall be+ 0,1 mmd1= 15,0 mm- 0,0 mmDiameter d1shall be measured in the restricted testing environment.The bottom edge of the centre hole may have a chamfer up to a he
42、ighth1= 0,1 mm max.above the bottom surface of the first transition area (see 8.3) at an angle = 45Alternatively this edge may be rounded off with a radius of not greater than 0,1 mm.The top edge of the centre hole may present burrs which are permitted to extend byh2= 0,2 mm max.above the top surfac
43、e of the first transition area.8.3 First transition areaThe first transition area shall extend between diameter d1and diameter d2.+ 6 mmd2= 20 mm- 0 mmIn this whole area the top surface of the disk is permitted to be below Reference Plane Q byh3= 0,2 mm max.and the bottom surface of the disk is perm
44、itted to be above Reference Plane P byh4= 0,2 mm max.In addition, in the part of the area defined by20 mm d2 26 mmthe top surface of the disk is permitted to be below Reference Plane Q byh5= 0,4 mm max.and the bottom surface of the disk is permitted to be above Reference Plane P byh6= 0,4 mm max.8.4
45、 Clamping areaThe clamping area shall extend between the maximum value of diameter d2and diameter d3.d2(max.) = 26 mmd3= 33 mm min.The bottom surface of the clamping area shall be flat within 0,1 mm and shall lie on Reference Plane P.The top surface of the clamping area shall be parallel to Referenc
46、e Plane P within 0,2 mm, it defines ReferencePlane Q.- 5 -The height of the top surface above Reference Plane P shall be+ 0,3 mmh7= 1,2 mm- 0,1 mm8.5 Second transition areaThe second transition area shall extend between diameters d3and d4.d4= 44 mm max.In this area the bottom surface of the disk is
47、permitted to be either above Reference Plane P byh8= 0,4 mm max.or below Reference Plane P byh9= 0,4 mm max.and the top surface of the disk is permitted to be either above Reference Plane Q byh10= 0,4 mm max.or below Reference Plane Q byh11= 0,4 mm max.8.6 Information areaThe Information Area shall
48、extend between diameters d4and d5.d5= 118 mm max.The Information Area comprises the following zones. An inner buffer zone that extends between diameters d4and d6.d4+ 1 mm d6 46 mm max.This diameter shall be measured in the restricted testing environment.+ 0,0 mmd7= 50,0 mm- 0,4 mmThis diameter shall
49、 be measured in the restricted testing environment. A user data zone that extends between diameter d7and d8.d8= 116 mm max.This diameter shall be measured in the restricted testing environment. A lead-out zone that extends between diameters d8and d9.d9= (d8+ 1 mm) min. An outer buffer zone that extends between diameters d9and d5, whered9+ 1 mm d5 118 mmBetween diameters d4and d5the disk shall consist of (figure 3): a transparent substrate, a reflective layer, a protective layer, an optional label.- 6 -The label may extend beyond the so-defin
